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1. Americo Paredes’s “The Legend of Gregario Cortez” contains many examples of __________________, such as when the narrator describes the gunman’s abilities by saying, “He could put five bullets into a piece of board and not make but one hole, and quicker than you could draw a good, deep breath.”
Correct Answer
B. Hyperbole
Explanation
In this passage, the narrator is using exaggerated language to describe the gunman's abilities. The statement that he could put five bullets into a piece of board and not make but one hole, and quicker than you could draw a good, deep breath is an exaggeration meant to emphasize the gunman's skill and speed. This is a clear example of hyperbole, which is the use of exaggeration for emphasis or dramatic effect.
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2. Students who jokingly ask to “phone a friend” or “use a lifeline” during a quiz are making ________________ to the television show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Correct Answer
allusion
Explanation
The correct answer is allusion. In this context, students who jokingly ask to "phone a friend" or "use a lifeline" during a quiz are making a reference or allusion to the television show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire. This show is well-known for allowing contestants to use lifelines, such as phoning a friend, to help them answer difficult questions. Therefore, the students are playfully referencing this popular show during their quiz.
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3. At the end of Romeo and Juliet, when Romeo finds Juliet in a drugged sleep, he assumes her to be dead and kills himself. Upon awakening to find her dead lover beside her, Juliet then kills herself. This is an example of ________________. (Be specific)
Correct Answer
dramatic irony
Explanation
This is an example of dramatic irony because the audience is aware that Juliet is not actually dead, but Romeo is not. This creates tension and suspense as the audience knows the tragic outcome that Romeo and Juliet could have avoided if they had known the truth.
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4. Perhaps Shakespeare was using __________________ when he describes the two antagonistic families in Romeo and Juliet as “alike in dignity”; for, in fact, the Montagues and Capulets are highly competitive and completely undignified in behavior. (Be specific)
Correct Answer
sarcasm
Explanation
Shakespeare was using sarcasm when he describes the two antagonistic families in Romeo and Juliet as "alike in dignity". This is evident because the Montagues and Capulets are actually highly competitive and completely undignified in their behavior. By using sarcasm, Shakespeare is highlighting the irony and hypocrisy of the situation, emphasizing the stark contrast between the families' supposed dignity and their actual behavior.
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5. In Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s poem “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,” the speaker is stranded at sea and dying of thirst. The following lines from the poem highlights the _________________ of his predicament. (Be specific)
Water, water, every where,
And all the boards did shrink ;
Water, water, every where,
Not any drop to drink.
Correct Answer
situational irony
Explanation
The given lines from the poem show the situational irony of the speaker's predicament. Despite being surrounded by water, the speaker is dying of thirst because the water is undrinkable. This contrast between the abundance of water and the inability to quench his thirst creates a sense of irony.
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6. Referring to someone’s handwriting as his or her “hand” or calling a monarch “the crown” involves using ___________________.
Correct Answer
metonymy
Explanation
Referring to someone's handwriting as his or her "hand" or calling a monarch "the crown" involves using metonymy. Metonymy is a figure of speech where a word or phrase is substituted for another word or phrase that it is closely associated with, often based on a common characteristic or attribute. In this case, "hand" is used to represent handwriting, and "crown" is used to represent the monarch.
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7. One of President John F. Kennedy’s most famous statements—“Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate”—is an example of a ____________________.
Correct Answer
chiasmus
Explanation
The given statement by President John F. Kennedy, "Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate," is an example of chiasmus. Chiasmus is a rhetorical device in which words or phrases are repeated in reverse order to create a balanced and contrasting effect. In this statement, the words "fear" and "negotiate" are repeated in reverse order, emphasizing the importance of not letting fear hinder the act of negotiation.
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9. Poets, writers, and orators often use __________________ to link and emphasize ideas as well as to create pleasing musical sounds, such as the following line taken from a John F. Kennedy’s speech:
“[L]et us go forth to lead the land we love . . .”
Correct Answer
alliteration
Explanation
Poets, writers, and orators often use alliteration to link and emphasize ideas as well as to create pleasing musical sounds. Alliteration is the repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of closely connected words. In the given example from John F. Kennedy's speech, the repetition of the "l" sound in "let us go forth to lead the land we love" creates a rhythmic and memorable effect. This use of alliteration helps to emphasize the message and make it more impactful for the audience.
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10. In Shakespeare’s Henry IV, Prince Hal’s reference to the rotund Falstaff as “this sanguine coward, this bed-presser, this horseback-breaker, this huge hill of flesh,” is an example of a/an ___________________.
Correct Answer
invective
Explanation
The given correct answer is "invective." In this context, invective refers to the use of insulting or abusive language to criticize someone. Prince Hal's description of Falstaff as a "sanguine coward" and "huge hill of flesh" demonstrates his contempt and disdain for Falstaff's character and physical appearance. This use of derogatory language serves to belittle and mock Falstaff.
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11. That boy is chubby. That boy is plump. That boy is obese. Although all three sentences may have the same general idea, the different adjectives used to describe the boy carry varying _________________.
Correct Answer
connotations
Explanation
The different adjectives used to describe the boy carry varying connotations. Connotations refer to the emotional or cultural associations that a word carries, beyond its literal meaning. In this case, "chubby" may have a neutral or slightly positive connotation, suggesting a healthy or cute appearance. "Plump" also has a positive connotation, but it may imply a slightly more rounded or well-fed appearance. On the other hand, "obese" has a negative connotation, suggesting a significantly overweight or unhealthy appearance. Thus, each adjective evokes different emotions and perceptions about the boy's physical appearance.
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12. A fork in the road and having to choose which path to take is a common __________________ many people use to illustrate the tough decisions one must make in life.
Correct Answer
metaphor
Explanation
A fork in the road is a metaphor commonly used to illustrate the tough decisions one must make in life. In this metaphor, the road represents different choices or paths one can take, and the fork represents the moment of decision where one must choose which path to follow. The metaphor implies that life is full of choices and that sometimes one must make difficult decisions that can significantly impact their future.
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13. To say, “The thorns of life rained down on him,” is to use a _________________________ because it is not to be taken literally.
Correct Answer
figure of speech
Explanation
The phrase "The thorns of life rained down on him" is not meant to be taken literally. It is a figurative expression that uses the figure of speech known as a metaphor. A metaphor is a comparison between two unrelated things, suggesting that one thing is like another. In this case, the phrase suggests that the person experienced many difficulties and hardships in life, comparing them to thorns falling from the sky.
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19. A ___________________ used to describe a person so inept at the computer as to not know a mouse from a memory stick is “technologically challenged.”
Correct Answer
euphemism
Explanation
In this question, the correct answer is "euphemism". A euphemism is a figure of speech that is used to replace a word or phrase that may be considered too harsh, offensive, or blunt with a milder or more socially acceptable expression. In this context, the term "technologically challenged" is used as a euphemism to describe someone who is not skilled or knowledgeable in using computers, specifically highlighting their lack of understanding between a mouse and a memory stick.
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20. The following sentence is an example of a _______________ construction.
I knew I had finally found a woman who would love me forever, who would never leave me
for someone better, someone more handsome, someone more wealthy, someone more charming;
for she herself had never known the love of another man, nor would she, with her mousey, timid
nature that was frightened by the very shadow she cast upon the ground she dared not ever lift
her eyes.
Correct Answer
loose sentence
Explanation
The given sentence is an example of a loose sentence because it starts with the main clause "I knew I had finally found a woman who would love me forever" and is followed by additional phrases and clauses that provide extra information and detail. The additional phrases and clauses could be removed without affecting the basic meaning of the sentence.
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The attorney's use of family and friends' testimonies that his client, the defendant, is a "great guy whom everyone admires" and "a really good family man" was intended to _______________________ the prosecutor's portrayal of the man as a cold-blooded killer who had thrown his wife from the balcony to her death.
Correct Answer
juxtapose
Explanation
The attorney's use of family and friends' testimonies that his client is a "great guy whom everyone admires" and "a really good family man" was intended to contrast or compare with the prosecutor's portrayal of the man as a cold-blooded killer who had thrown his wife from the balcony to her death. By presenting these positive characteristics, the attorney aimed to create a stark difference between the defendant's alleged actions and the perception of him as a good person. This strategy of juxtaposition highlights the contradiction between the two portrayals and may create doubt in the minds of the jury.
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In the following passage from Washington Irving's "The Devil and Tom Walker," the author uses imagery and figurative language to create a creepy and threatening ________________________.
Correct Answer
atmosphere, mood
Explanation
In this passage from "The Devil and Tom Walker," Washington Irving employs vivid imagery and figurative language to establish a chilling and ominous atmosphere. By describing the setting in eerie detail and using metaphors or similes to convey a sense of foreboding, the author effectively creates a creepy and threatening mood throughout the passage. This helps to immerse the reader in the story and heighten the tension, making it a compelling and unsettling reading experience.