Modern Theory Of Evolution

Variations within a species are most likely the result of mutations and sexual reproduction. Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can lead to new traits or characteristics in an organism. Sexual reproduction, on the other hand, involves the combination of genetic material from two parents, resulting in offspring with a unique combination of traits. Both mutations and sexual reproduction contribute to genetic diversity within a species, allowing for adaptation to changing environments and the potential for evolution over time.

The correct answer is adaptations of the finches to different environments. Darwin's studies of finches on the Galapagos Islands showed that different species of finches had variations in their beak structures, which allowed them to adapt to different food sources available in their respective environments. This suggests that the finches' differences in beak structure were a result of adaptations to their specific habitats and the food resources available to them.

According to Charles Darwin, organisms produce many more offspring than can possibly survive due to limited resources. The offspring that are most likely to survive are those that are best adapted to the environment. This means that they possess traits and characteristics that enable them to effectively compete for resources, avoid predators, and thrive in their specific ecological niche. Natural selection favors these individuals, as they are more likely to pass on their advantageous traits to future generations, leading to the gradual adaptation and evolution of species over time.

The information given states that the Galapagos Islands were never connected to South America, but there are finchlike birds on the islands that appear to be related to the finches on the South American mainland. This suggests that isolation from the mainland played a role in the development of these new species. Additionally, the fact that the Galapagos finches vary in beak structure but have a close resemblance in other aspects such as plumage, calls, nests, and eggs further supports the idea that different habitats on the islands also played a role in the production of new species. Therefore, the statement is supported by the information given.

Natural selection is the correct answer because it is a fundamental concept in the theory of evolution. It states that individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to future generations. Over time, this leads to changes in species as those with less advantageous traits are less likely to survive and reproduce. Natural selection is driven by the environment and the interactions between organisms and their surroundings, allowing for the adaptation and diversification of species.

The concept of evolution by natural selection focuses on the passing on of traits that enhance an organism's survival and reproductive success. The number of limbs, the nervous system, and the type of mitochondria are all inheritable traits that can affect an organism's survival. However, the ability to conduct a mating dance taught by older males is a learned behavior and not a heritable trait. Therefore, it is not included as an adaptation that can be passed on to future generations.

The correct answer is differential success in reproduction. This means that individuals who are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their advantageous traits to the next generation. Natural selection acts as a mechanism for the gradual change and adaptation of species over time. It is not stress in a population, mutation, or habitat selection, although these factors can play a role in the overall process of evolution.