1.
Which one do you like?
Correct Answer
C. THE RATE IS 80
2.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
C. Atrial fibrillation
Explanation
Atrial fibrillation is the correct answer because it is a cardiac arrhythmia characterized by irregular and rapid electrical impulses in the atria. This results in an irregular and often fast heart rate. Atrial flutter, on the other hand, is a regular but fast heart rhythm, while sinus arrhythmia refers to a normal variation in heart rate with breathing. Normal sinus rhythm refers to a normal and regular heart rhythm.
3.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
A. SVT
Explanation
SVT stands for Supraventricular Tachycardia, which is a type of abnormal heart rhythm. It occurs when there is a rapid electrical impulse that starts above the ventricles, causing the heart to beat too fast. Atrial Flutter is another type of abnormal heart rhythm, but it is characterized by a rapid and regular atrial contraction. Sinus Tachycardia is a normal response of the heart to stress or exercise, where the heart beats faster than usual. Normal Sinus rhythm refers to a regular heart rhythm with a normal heart rate. Among these options, SVT is the correct rhythm because it specifically refers to a type of abnormal heart rhythm.
4.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
D. ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Explanation
Atrial fibrillation is the correct rhythm because it is characterized by irregular and rapid electrical impulses in the atria of the heart. This causes the atria to quiver instead of contracting normally, leading to an irregular and often fast heart rate. Sinus rhythm refers to the normal rhythm of the heart, sinus arrhythmia is a variation of sinus rhythm with slight irregularities, and atrial flutter is a regular but very fast rhythm. Therefore, atrial fibrillation is the only option that accurately describes an irregular and rapid rhythm.
5.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
C. NORMAL SINUS WITH A PAC
Explanation
The correct answer is "NORMAL SINUS WITH A PAC." This rhythm is characterized by a normal sinus rhythm with the presence of a premature atrial contraction (PAC). A PAC occurs when an atrial impulse is initiated from a site other than the sinus node, causing an early contraction of the atria. In this rhythm, the PAC interrupts the normal sinus rhythm, resulting in a premature beat followed by a pause before the next sinus beat. The presence of a PAC can be identified by an abnormal P wave morphology and a premature QRS complex.
6.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
C. Sinus rhythm with a pac
Explanation
The correct answer is "sinus rhythm with a pac." Sinus rhythm refers to the normal electrical activity of the heart, where the electrical signals originate from the sinus node. A pac (premature atrial contraction) is an early heartbeat that originates in the atria instead of the sinus node. In this case, there is a normal sinus rhythm, but with the presence of premature atrial contractions. This can be seen on an electrocardiogram (ECG) as an irregularity in the timing of the heartbeats.
7.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
B. ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Explanation
Atrial fibrillation is the correct rhythm because it is a common cardiac arrhythmia characterized by irregular and rapid atrial contractions. In atrial fibrillation, the atria do not contract in a coordinated manner, leading to a rapid and irregular ventricular response. This can result in symptoms such as palpitations, shortness of breath, and dizziness. Treatment options for atrial fibrillation include medications to control heart rate and rhythm, as well as procedures such as cardioversion or ablation to restore normal sinus rhythm.
8.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
C. Sinus rhythm with a pac
Explanation
The correct answer is "sinus rhythm with a pac." Sinus rhythm refers to the normal electrical activity of the heart, where the electrical impulses originate from the sinus node. A pac (premature atrial contraction) is an extra heartbeat that starts in the atria before the next normal heartbeat. In this case, the rhythm is still sinus, but there is an additional premature atrial contraction. This can be seen as an early P wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG).
9.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
B. Supra Ventricular tachycardia
Explanation
Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is the correct rhythm because it is a rapid heart rate originating above the ventricles, typically in the atria or AV node. SVT is characterized by a regular rhythm with a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute. Normal sinus rhythm refers to a regular heartbeat originating from the sinus node in the atria, while atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter are irregular rhythms originating from the atria.
10.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
B. Atrial flutter
Explanation
Atrial flutter is the correct rhythm because it is a regular, rapid atrial rhythm characterized by a sawtooth pattern on the ECG. It is caused by a re-entry circuit within the atria, resulting in a fast atrial rate. Atrial fibrillation, on the other hand, is an irregularly irregular rhythm with no discernible P waves on the ECG. Normal sinus rhythm is a regular rhythm with a normal rate and rhythm, while sinus tachycardia is a regular rhythm with an elevated heart rate.
11.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
C. Atrial fibrillation
Explanation
Atrial fibrillation is the correct answer because it is a cardiac rhythm disorder characterized by irregular and often rapid heart rate. In atrial fibrillation, the electrical signals in the atria are chaotic, causing the atria to quiver instead of contracting normally. This results in an irregular ventricular response and can lead to symptoms such as palpitations, shortness of breath, and fatigue. Atrial fibrillation is diagnosed by an electrocardiogram (ECG) which shows an absence of P waves and irregular R-R intervals. Treatment options for atrial fibrillation include medications, cardioversion, and catheter ablation.
12.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
A. SVT
Explanation
SVT stands for Supraventricular Tachycardia, which is a type of abnormal heart rhythm. It occurs when there is a rapid electrical signal originating from above the ventricles, causing the heart to beat faster than normal. Atrial Flutter and Sinus Tachycardia are also types of abnormal heart rhythms, but they are not the correct answer in this case. Normal Sinus rhythm refers to a regular and normal heart rhythm, which is also not the correct answer. Therefore, the correct rhythm in this case is SVT.
13.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
B. SINUS RHYTHM WITH A PAC
Explanation
The correct answer is SINUS RHYTHM WITH A PAC. This is because sinus rhythm refers to the normal electrical activity of the heart, where the electrical signals originate from the sinus node. A PAC (premature atrial contraction) is an early heartbeat that originates in the atria, causing a slight interruption in the regular sinus rhythm. Therefore, SINUS RHYTHM WITH A PAC indicates that the heart is primarily in normal sinus rhythm but occasionally experiences premature atrial contractions.
14.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
B. SINUS RHYTHM WITH A SINUS PAUSE
Explanation
A sinus rhythm with a sinus pause refers to a normal heart rhythm that is interrupted by a temporary pause in the electrical signals originating from the sinus node. During this pause, there is a brief absence of heartbeats before the rhythm resumes. This can be seen on an electrocardiogram (ECG) as a sudden absence of P waves, followed by a delay before the next P wave appears. Sinus pauses can be caused by various factors, such as increased vagal tone or certain medications. It is important to note that sinus pauses can be normal in some individuals, but prolonged or symptomatic pauses may require medical evaluation.
15.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
D. ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Explanation
Atrial fibrillation is the correct rhythm because it is a condition characterized by irregular and rapid electrical signals in the atria of the heart. This leads to an irregular and often fast heart rate. Sinus rhythm refers to a normal heart rhythm, sinus arrhythmia refers to a normal variation in heart rate with breathing, and atrial flutter refers to a rapid but regular heart rhythm originating from the atria. Atrial fibrillation is distinct from these rhythms and is characterized by its irregularity.
16.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
C. NORMAL SINUS WITH A PAC
Explanation
The correct answer is "NORMAL SINUS WITH A PAC." This rhythm indicates that the heart is beating at a normal rate and rhythm, but with an additional premature atrial contraction (PAC). A PAC occurs when an electrical impulse originates in the atria before the next normal sinus impulse. It appears as an early, abnormal P wave on the ECG. It is important to identify this rhythm as it may be a sign of underlying heart conditions or electrolyte imbalances.
17.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
B. SUPRA VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA
Explanation
Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is the correct rhythm choice because it is a rapid heart rate originating from above the ventricles. Atrial fibrillation is characterized by irregular and chaotic electrical activity in the atria, while atrial flutter is characterized by a rapid, regular atrial rhythm. Sinus tachycardia is a normal increase in heart rate due to increased demand or stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. SVT, on the other hand, is a specific type of arrhythmia that involves rapid heart rates originating from the atria or the atrioventricular node.
18.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
B. ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Explanation
Atrial fibrillation is the correct rhythm because it is a chaotic and irregular rhythm originating from the atria of the heart. It is characterized by rapid and disorganized electrical activity, resulting in a rapid and irregular heartbeat. Atrial flutter, on the other hand, is a regular and rapid rhythm originating from the atria. SVT (supraventricular tachycardia) is a broad term that refers to any rapid heart rhythm originating above the ventricles, and normal sinus rhythm is a regular and normal heartbeat.
19.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
C. SVT
Explanation
SVT stands for Supraventricular Tachycardia, which is a type of abnormal heart rhythm characterized by a rapid heart rate originating from above the ventricles. It is often caused by abnormal electrical pathways in the heart or certain medical conditions. In SVT, the heart rate is typically between 150-250 beats per minute. This is different from normal sinus rhythm, which is the normal regular rhythm of the heart, and sinus tachycardia, which is an elevated heart rate within the normal range. Atrial fibrillation is another type of abnormal heart rhythm characterized by irregular and rapid heartbeats. Therefore, the correct rhythm in this case is SVT.
20.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
D. NORMAL SINUS WITH A PAC
Explanation
The correct answer is "NORMAL SINUS WITH A PAC." This rhythm is characterized by a normal sinus rhythm interrupted by a premature atrial contraction (PAC). A PAC occurs when an ectopic pacemaker in the atria fires earlier than the sinus node, causing a premature heartbeat. In this case, the rhythm is regular with normal P waves and QRS complexes, but there is an early P wave preceding the normal sinus rhythm. This indicates the presence of a PAC.
21.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
B. ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Explanation
Atrial fibrillation is the correct rhythm because it is a common cardiac arrhythmia characterized by irregular and rapid heart rate. It occurs when the electrical signals in the atria (upper chambers of the heart) are chaotic and disorganized, causing them to quiver instead of contracting normally. This results in an irregular heartbeat and can lead to various symptoms such as palpitations, shortness of breath, and fatigue. Treatment for atrial fibrillation may include medications, cardioversion, or catheter ablation.
22.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
C. SINUS TACHYCARDIA
Explanation
Sinus tachycardia is the correct rhythm because it is a regular rhythm originating from the sinus node with a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute. Atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation are irregular rhythms originating from the atria, and SVT (supraventricular tachycardia) is a broad term that encompasses various regular or irregular rhythms originating above the ventricles. Therefore, sinus tachycardia is the most appropriate choice based on the given options.
23.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
B. Sinus Tachycardia
Explanation
Sinus tachycardia is the correct answer because it refers to a normal rhythm of the heart, but with an increased heart rate. Sinus bradycardia is a slow heart rate, while sinus arrhythmia refers to an irregular heart rhythm. Normal sinus rhythm refers to a normal heart rate and rhythm.
24.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
A. Wandering pacemaker/ atrial tachycardia
Explanation
The correct answer is "wandering pacemaker/ atrial tachycardia." Wandering pacemaker refers to the irregular pacing of electrical impulses in the heart, causing the heart rate to vary. Atrial tachycardia, on the other hand, refers to a rapid heart rate originating from the atria. Both conditions can cause an irregular heart rhythm, making this the correct answer choice. Sinus tachycardia refers to a rapid heart rate originating from the sinus node, while sinus bradycardia refers to a slow heart rate originating from the sinus node. SVT, or supraventricular tachycardia, is a broad term that encompasses various rapid heart rhythms originating above the ventricles.
25.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
B. Multifocal atrial tachycardia
Explanation
Multifocal atrial tachycardia is the correct rhythm because it is characterized by irregular and rapid heartbeats originating from multiple foci in the atria. This condition is commonly seen in older individuals with lung disease or heart failure. Sinus bradycardia is a slow heart rate, atrial flutter is a regular and fast heart rate, and svt refers to supraventricular tachycardia, which is a broad term for any rapid heart rhythm originating above the ventricles.
26.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
B. ATRIAL FLUTTER
Explanation
Atrial flutter is the correct rhythm because it is a regular, rapid heart rate that originates in the atria. It is characterized by a sawtooth pattern on the EKG and a ventricular rate that is usually regular. SVT, sinus tachycardia, and sinus bradycardia are not the correct answers because they do not match the description of a regular, rapid heart rate originating in the atria.
27.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
C. SINUS RHYTHM WITH PACS
Explanation
Sinus rhythm with PACs refers to a normal sinus rhythm with premature atrial contractions (PACs). PACs are early electrical impulses that originate in the atria and disrupt the regular rhythm of the heart. This rhythm is characterized by a P wave that appears earlier than expected and has a different shape than the normal P wave. The QRS complex and T wave following the PAC are usually normal. Sinus tachycardia is a fast heart rate, sinus bradycardia is a slow heart rate, and SVT refers to supraventricular tachycardia, which is a rapid heart rate originating above the ventricles.
28.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
B. ATRIAL FLUTTER
Explanation
Atrial flutter is the correct rhythm because it is a regular, rapid atrial rhythm with a sawtooth appearance on the ECG. This rhythm is characterized by a fixed atrial rate of 250-350 beats per minute and a variable ventricular rate. It is often associated with a regular ventricular response. Atrial flutter is different from atrial fibrillation, which is characterized by an irregularly irregular rhythm. Normal sinus rhythm refers to a normal, regular rhythm with a rate of 60-100 beats per minute. SVT (supraventricular tachycardia) is a broad term that encompasses various rapid rhythms originating above the ventricles.
29.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
C. ATRIAL FIBRILLATON
Explanation
Atrial fibrillation is the correct rhythm because it is a chaotic and irregular rhythm originating from the atria. In atrial fibrillation, the atria quiver or fibrillate instead of contracting effectively, leading to an irregular ventricular response. This can result in symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, and shortness of breath. It is important to identify atrial fibrillation as it increases the risk of stroke and other complications.
30.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
C. SVT
Explanation
SVT stands for Supraventricular Tachycardia, which is a type of abnormal heart rhythm. It occurs when the electrical signals in the heart's upper chambers (atria) fire rapidly, causing a fast and irregular heartbeat. Atrial Fibrillation is also an irregular heartbeat, but it is different from SVT as it involves chaotic electrical signals in the atria. Normal Sinus rhythm refers to a normal and regular heartbeat, while Sinus Tachycardia is an elevated heart rate within the normal range. Based on the given options, SVT is the correct answer as it specifically refers to a fast and irregular heartbeat caused by rapid firing of electrical signals in the atria.
31.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
D. ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Explanation
Atrial fibrillation is the correct rhythm because it is a common cardiac arrhythmia characterized by irregular and rapid electrical impulses in the atria of the heart. This results in a rapid and irregular heartbeat. Atrial flutter, SVT (supraventricular tachycardia), and normal sinus rhythm are all different types of heart rhythms, but they do not match the description of irregular and rapid electrical impulses seen in atrial fibrillation.
32.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
C. ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Explanation
Atrial fibrillation is the correct rhythm because it is a common arrhythmia characterized by chaotic and irregular electrical activity in the atria. This results in a rapid and irregular ventricular response. Atrial tachycardia refers to a fast heart rate originating from the atria, but it is regular and not chaotic like atrial fibrillation. SVT (supraventricular tachycardia) is a broad term that includes various arrhythmias originating above the ventricles, but it does not specifically indicate atrial fibrillation. Atrial flutter is a regular and rapid atrial rhythm, but it is not as chaotic as atrial fibrillation.
33.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
A. AFIB TO NORMAL SINUS
Explanation
The correct answer is AFIB TO NORMAL SINUS. This is the correct rhythm because it indicates a transition from atrial fibrillation (AFIB) to a normal sinus rhythm. Atrial fibrillation is an irregular and rapid heart rhythm, while a normal sinus rhythm is a regular and steady heart rhythm. Therefore, the transition from AFIB to normal sinus rhythm would be considered a positive outcome.
34.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
B. NORMAL SINUS
Explanation
The correct answer is NORMAL SINUS because it is the normal rhythm of the heart. A normal sinus rhythm means that the electrical signals in the heart are being generated and conducted properly, resulting in a regular and coordinated heartbeat. Atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, and SVT are all abnormal heart rhythms that can cause irregular or rapid heartbeats. Therefore, the normal sinus rhythm is the correct choice as it represents a healthy and normal functioning heart.
35.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
B. Sinus Tachycardia at 120
Explanation
Sinus tachycardia at 120 is the correct rhythm because it is a normal sinus rhythm with an elevated heart rate. Sinus tachycardia refers to a regular heart rhythm originating from the sinus node, but with a faster heart rate than normal. In this case, the heart rate is 120 beats per minute, which is considered tachycardic. Sinus bradycardia at 40 refers to a slow heart rate, while a normal sinus rhythm at 60 refers to a normal heart rate. None of the above options accurately describe a heart rhythm with a heart rate of 120.
36.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
B. Sinus tachycardia at 110
Explanation
Sinus tachycardia refers to a normal rhythm with an increased heart rate above 100 beats per minute. In this case, the rhythm is described as "sinus tachycardia at 110," indicating a heart rate of 110 beats per minute. This is the correct answer because it accurately describes a normal rhythm with an elevated heart rate. The other options, normal sinus rhythm at 110, sinus bradycardia at 110, and normal sinus rhythm at 70, do not match the given heart rate or indicate an elevated heart rate.
37.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
C. Sinus bradycardia at 60
Explanation
Sinus bradycardia at 60 is the correct rhythm because it is a normal sinus rhythm with a heart rate below 60 beats per minute. Atrial fibrillation is an irregular and chaotic rhythm, while sinus tachycardia at 100 is a normal sinus rhythm with a heart rate above 100 beats per minute. Therefore, neither of these options is the correct rhythm.
38.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
B. Sinus Bradycardia at 60
Explanation
The correct answer is Sinus Bradycardia at 60. Sinus Bradycardia is a normal rhythm where the heart rate is slower than the average rate of 60-100 beats per minute. In this case, the heart rate is specifically mentioned as 60, which falls within the normal range for Sinus Bradycardia. Sinus tachycardia is a rhythm where the heart rate is faster than the average rate, and Normal Sinus rhythm at 70 is also within the normal range but not the closest match to the given heart rate of 60. Therefore, the correct answer is Sinus Bradycardia at 60.
39.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
C. Sinus tachycardia at 140
Explanation
The correct answer is sinus tachycardia at 140. Sinus tachycardia is a condition where the heart rate exceeds the normal range of 60-100 beats per minute. In this case, the heart rate is 140 beats per minute, which is higher than normal. Sinus bradycardia is a condition where the heart rate is slower than normal, so it is not the correct answer. Sinus tachycardia at 120 is also incorrect because the heart rate is lower than the given rate of 140. Therefore, the correct answer is sinus tachycardia at 140.
40.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
A. Normal sinus at 90
Explanation
The correct answer is "normal sinus at 90." This is because a normal sinus rhythm refers to the normal electrical activity in the heart, where the sinus node initiates each heartbeat. A heart rate of 90 beats per minute falls within the normal range for adults, typically ranging from 60 to 100 beats per minute. Therefore, a normal sinus rhythm at 90 is the most appropriate choice among the given options.
41.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
B. Sinus bradycardia at 60
Explanation
The correct answer is sinus bradycardia at 60. Sinus bradycardia refers to a slow heart rate, typically less than 60 beats per minute. In this case, the heart rate is exactly 60 beats per minute, which falls within the range for sinus bradycardia. Sinus tachycardia refers to a fast heart rate, typically greater than 100 beats per minute. Therefore, sinus bradycardia at 60 is the correct rhythm in this scenario.
42.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
C. Normal sinus at 90
Explanation
The correct answer is "normal sinus at 90." This is because a normal sinus rhythm refers to the regular electrical impulses generated by the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart, resulting in a steady heart rate. A heart rate of 90 beats per minute falls within the normal range of 60-100 beats per minute. Sinus bradycardia at 60 would indicate a slower heart rate, while sinus rhythm at 70 would indicate a slightly faster heart rate. Therefore, the correct answer is normal sinus at 90.
43.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
D. None of the above
Explanation
The given options suggest different heart rates in sinus tachycardia, but none of them match the heart rate of 120, which is the correct rhythm.
44.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
B. NORMAL SINUS AT 70
Explanation
The correct answer is "NORMAL SINUS AT 70" because it is the rhythm that represents a normal heart rate of 70 beats per minute. The term "normal sinus" refers to the normal electrical activity of the heart originating from the sinus node, which is the natural pacemaker of the heart. A heart rate of 70 is within the normal range for adults and indicates a healthy heart rhythm.
45.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
B. SINUS BRADYCARDIA AT 60
Explanation
The correct answer is SINUS BRADYCARDIA AT 60. Sinus bradycardia refers to a slower than normal heart rate, typically below 60 beats per minute. In this case, the rhythm is sinus bradycardia with a heart rate of 60 beats per minute. The other options, SINUS BRADYCARDIA AT 70, NORMAL SINUS AT 70, and NORMAL SINUS AT 80, all have heart rates that are higher than 60 beats per minute, making them incorrect answers.
46.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
C. NORMAL SINUS AT 80
Explanation
The correct answer is NORMAL SINUS AT 80. This is because a normal sinus rhythm refers to the normal electrical activity of the heart, where the sinoatrial (SA) node initiates each heartbeat and the rhythm is between 60 and 100 beats per minute. In this case, the rhythm is within the normal range at 80 beats per minute.
47.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
A. NORMAL SINUS AT 70
Explanation
The correct answer is "NORMAL SINUS AT 70". This is because a normal sinus rhythm refers to the normal electrical activity of the heart, where the heart rate is between 60-100 beats per minute. In this case, the heart rate is 70 beats per minute, which falls within the normal range.
48.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
B. SINUS TACHYCARDIA AT 120
Explanation
The correct answer is SINUS TACHYCARDIA AT 120. Sinus tachycardia is a condition where the heart beats faster than normal, and a heart rate of 120 beats per minute falls within the range of tachycardia. The other options, sinus tachycardia at 100, sinus bradycardia at 60, and normal sinus at 120, do not accurately describe a heart rate of 120 beats per minute.
49.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
D. SINUS TACHYCARDIA AT 130
50.
Please choose the correct rhythm
Correct Answer
B. SINUS BRADYCARDIA
Explanation
Sinus bradycardia is the correct rhythm because it is characterized by a regular rhythm with a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute. In this rhythm, the electrical impulses in the heart originate from the sinus node, which is the normal pacemaker of the heart. The other options, normal sinus rhythm and sinus tachycardia, are not correct because they are characterized by heart rates within the normal range (60-100 beats per minute) and above the normal range (>100 beats per minute), respectively. "None of the above" is not the correct answer because sinus bradycardia is a valid option.