Mr. King's Chapter 10 Physics Test
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which has greater linear speed, a horse near the outside rail of a merry-go round or a horse near the inside rail?
- A.
The inside horse
- B.
The outside horse
- C.
Neither-- they both have the same linear speed
Correct Answer
B. The outside horseExplanation
The horse near the outside rail of a merry-go-round has a greater linear speed compared to the horse near the inside rail. This is because the outside horse has to cover a longer distance in the same amount of time as the inside horse. The merry-go-round rotates in a circular motion, and the outside horse has to travel a larger circumference compared to the inside horse. Therefore, the outside horse has a greater linear speed.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which has greater angular speed, a horse near the outside rail of a merry-go-round or a horse near the inside rail?
- A.
Neither-- they both have the same angular speed
- B.
The inside horse
- C.
The outside horse
Correct Answer
A. Neither-- they both have the same angular speedExplanation
The angular speed of an object is determined by its rotational motion and is defined as the rate at which it rotates around a specific axis. In the case of a merry-go-round, all points on the rotating platform have the same angular speed because they complete one revolution in the same amount of time. Therefore, both the horse near the outside rail and the horse near the inside rail have the same angular speed.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What is the direction of the force that acts on clothes in the spin cycle of a washing machine?
- A.
Inward
- B.
Down
- C.
Outward
- D.
Up
Correct Answer
A. InwardExplanation
During the spin cycle of a washing machine, the clothes are pushed against the inner walls of the machine due to the centrifugal force. This force is directed towards the center of rotation, causing the clothes to move inward. Therefore, the correct answer is inward.Rate this question:
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- 4.
A tin can whirled on the end of a string moves in a circle because
- A.
The can continually pulls on the string
- B.
Once the can starts moving, that is its natural tendency
- C.
There is a force on the can pulling it outward
- D.
There is an inward force acting on the can
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. There is an inward force acting on the canExplanation
The correct answer is that there is an inward force acting on the can. When the tin can is whirled on the end of a string, it moves in a circle due to the centripetal force acting on it. This force is directed towards the center of the circle and keeps the can moving in a circular path. Without this inward force, the can would move in a straight line instead of a circle. Therefore, the presence of an inward force is necessary for the can to move in a circle.Rate this question:
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- 5.
If you whirl a tin can on the end of a string and the string suddenly breaks, the can will
- A.
Fly directly away from you
- B.
Fly off, tangent to its circular path
- C.
Fly directly toward you
- D.
Spiral in toward your hand
- E.
Spiral away from your hand
Correct Answer
B. Fly off, tangent to its circular pathExplanation
When the string suddenly breaks, the can will continue to move in a straight line tangent to its circular path. This is because of the concept of inertia, which states that an object in motion will continue moving in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force. In this case, the can was already moving in a circular path due to the string's tension, and when the string breaks, the can will no longer be subject to that force and will fly off in a straight line tangent to its circular path.Rate this question:
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- 6.
A lady bug rests on the bottom of a tin can that is being whirled horizontally on the end of a string. Since the ladybug, like the can, moves in a circle, there must be a force on it. What exerts this force?
- A.
Gravity
- B.
The string
- C.
There is no force acting on it
- D.
The can
- E.
Your hand
Correct Answer
D. The canExplanation
As the ladybug is resting on the bottom of the tin can, it is in contact with the can. When the can is being whirled horizontally on the end of a string, it experiences centripetal force, which acts towards the center of the circular motion. This force is exerted by the can on the ladybug, causing it to move in a circle along with the can. Therefore, the can exerts the force on the ladybug.Rate this question:
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- 7.
People in the future may well live inside a rotating space structure that is more than 2 km in diameter. Inside the structure, people on the inside of the outer edge will experience 1 g while people halfway to the axis will experience
- A.
2 g
- B.
1 g
- C.
1/2 g
- D.
1/4 g
- E.
0 g
Correct Answer
C. 1/2 gExplanation
Inside the rotating space structure, the force experienced by a person is directly proportional to the distance from the axis of rotation. Since people on the inside of the outer edge experience 1 g, it means that they are at a distance where the force is equal to their weight. On the other hand, people halfway to the axis will experience 1/2 g, which means they are at a distance where the force is half of their weight. This can be explained by the fact that the centripetal force required to keep an object moving in a circle is proportional to the square of its distance from the axis of rotation.Rate this question:
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- 8.
"Centrifugal forces" are an apparent reality to observers in a reference frame that is
- A.
Rotating
- B.
An inertial reference frame
- C.
Moving at constant velocity
- D.
At rest
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. RotatingExplanation
In a rotating reference frame, objects appear to experience a centrifugal force that pushes them away from the center of rotation. This is because the frame itself is accelerating, and objects within it seem to move outward due to their inertia. This apparent force is not actually a true force, but rather a result of the observer's perspective. Therefore, in a rotating reference frame, observers perceive centrifugal forces.Rate this question:
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- 9.
As the rotational speed of a space habitat increases, the weight of people inside
- A.
Decreases
- B.
Increases
- C.
Stays the same
Correct Answer
B. IncreasesExplanation
As the rotational speed of a space habitat increases, the weight of people inside increases. This is because the centrifugal force, which is experienced as a pseudo-force pushing outward, becomes stronger with higher rotational speed. This force counteracts the force of gravity, making the effective weight of individuals inside the habitat greater. Therefore, the weight of people inside the habitat increases as the rotational speed increases.Rate this question:
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- 10.
A car travels in a circle with constant speed. The net force on the car
- A.
Is zero because the car is not accelerating
- B.
Is directed forward, in the direction of travel
- C.
Is directed toward the center of the curve
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Is directed toward the center of the curveExplanation
The correct answer is that the net force on the car is directed toward the center of the curve. This is because when an object moves in a circular path, it experiences a centripetal force that is directed toward the center of the circle. This force is necessary to keep the object moving in a curved path and is responsible for causing the object to continuously change its direction. Since the car in this scenario is traveling in a circle with constant speed, it is not accelerating, meaning that the net force on the car must be zero. Therefore, the force must be directed toward the center of the curve.Rate this question:
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- 11.
If Earth rotated more slowly about its axis, your weight would
- A.
Decrease
- B.
Increase
- C.
Stay the same
Correct Answer
B. IncreaseExplanation
If Earth rotated more slowly about its axis, the centrifugal force caused by the rotation would be weaker. This would result in a decrease in the outward force acting on objects, including our bodies. As a result, our weight would increase because the gravitational force pulling us towards the center of the Earth would be relatively stronger compared to the centrifugal force.Rate this question:
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- 12.
A possible space habitat of the future is a cylinder in space rotating about its long axis. What is the relative gravitational field along the axis of the habitat?
- A.
1/4 g
- B.
1/2 g
- C.
3/4 g
- D.
G
- E.
Zero
Correct Answer
E. ZeroExplanation
In a rotating cylinder in space, the centrifugal force cancels out the gravitational force along the axis of the habitat. This is because the centrifugal force acts outward from the axis, counteracting the downward pull of gravity. As a result, the net gravitational force along the axis is zero, making the answer "zero" correct.Rate this question:
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- 13.
When a railroad train rounds a banded track, the centripetal force needed comes not from friction, but from the
- A.
Vertical component of the normal force
- B.
Horizontal component of the normal force
- C.
Normal force
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Horizontal component of the normal forceExplanation
When a railroad train rounds a banded track, the centripetal force needed comes from the horizontal component of the normal force. The normal force is the force exerted by a surface to support the weight of an object resting on it. In this case, the normal force is exerted by the track on the train. As the train rounds the curved track, the normal force has both a vertical and a horizontal component. The vertical component supports the weight of the train, while the horizontal component provides the centripetal force necessary to keep the train moving in a curved path.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The centripetal force exerted on stunt motorcyclist Biker Bob while riding on the inner vertical surface of a circular track is
- A.
Triction
- B.
His weight
- C.
The normal force
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. The normal forceExplanation
When a motorcyclist rides on the inner vertical surface of a circular track, the centripetal force required to keep them moving in a circular path is provided by the normal force. The normal force is the force exerted by a surface perpendicular to the surface, and in this case, it acts towards the center of the circular track. This force counteracts the gravitational force (weight) acting downwards and provides the necessary inward force to keep the motorcyclist moving in a circular path. Therefore, the correct answer is the normal force.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Nellie Newton swings a rock into a circular path while holding an attached string overhead. The string makes a 45-degree angle to the vertical (compromising a "conical pendulum") the centripetal force that holds the rock in its circular path is the
- A.
Vertical component of the string tension
- B.
Horizontal component of the string tension
- C.
Tension in the string
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Horizontal component of the string tensionExplanation
When Nellie Newton swings the rock in a circular path, the string attached to it forms a conical pendulum. In this case, the centripetal force that keeps the rock in its circular path is provided by the horizontal component of the string tension. The vertical component of the string tension only counteracts the weight of the rock, while the tension in the string is a combination of both the vertical and horizontal components. Therefore, the correct answer is the horizontal component of the string tension.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Stunt motorcyclist Biker Bob rides his bike inside a futuristic rotating space station- a giant rotating doughnuts- shaped structure in space. The normal support force feels like weight to him. As he rides his bike in the same direction that the station rotates, the normal force
- A.
Remains unaffected
- B.
Increases
- C.
Decreases
Correct Answer
B. IncreasesExplanation
As Biker Bob rides his bike inside the rotating space station, the bike and Bob himself are also rotating with the station. The normal force is the force exerted by a surface to support the weight of an object resting on it. In this case, the rotating station acts as the surface supporting Bob and his bike. As the bike moves in the same direction as the station's rotation, it experiences a centrifugal force that pushes it outward. To counteract this force and keep the bike on the surface, the normal force needs to increase. Therefore, the correct answer is that the normal force increases.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Stunt motorcyclist Biker Bob rides his bike inside a futuristic rotating space station-- a giant rotating doughnut-shaped structure in space. The normal support force feels like weight to him. As he rides his bike in the opposite direction to the station's rotation, the normal force
- A.
Remains unaffected
- B.
Increases
- C.
Decreases
Correct Answer
C. DecreasesExplanation
As Biker Bob rides his bike in the opposite direction to the station's rotation, he experiences a centrifugal force that pushes him away from the center of the rotating doughnut-shaped structure. This centrifugal force reduces the normal force acting on him, causing it to decrease. This decrease in the normal force makes it feel like he has less weight while riding his bike inside the rotating space station.Rate this question:
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- 18.
A space habitat is designed so that the variation in g between a perso's head and feet is less than 0.01 g. If the person is 2 m tall, the the radius of the habitat is
- A.
20 m
- B.
200 m
- C.
2000 m
- D.
More than 2000 m
Correct Answer
B. 200 mExplanation
In a space habitat, the variation in gravitational force (g) between a person's head and feet is less than 0.01 g. This means that the difference in gravitational force experienced by the person's head and feet is very small. To calculate the radius of the habitat, we can use the formula for gravitational force: g = G * (M / r^2), where G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the habitat, and r is the radius of the habitat. Since the variation in g is less than 0.01 g, we can assume that the difference in r^2 is also very small. Therefore, the radius of the habitat must be relatively small, and the correct answer is 200 m.Rate this question:
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- 19.
A game room in a rotating space habitat is located in a 0.25 g region. If a person can jump 0.5 m high in a 1 g region, how high can the same person jump in the game room
- A.
0.5 m
- B.
2 m
- C.
4 m
- D.
8 m
- E.
More than 8 m
Correct Answer
B. 2 mExplanation
In a 0.25 g region, the person experiences a quarter of the gravitational force compared to a 1 g region. Since the person can jump 0.5 m high in a 1 g region, in a 0.25 g region they will be able to jump four times higher, which is 2 m.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Earth rotates and revolves through space. Earth rotates about the ___, which is an ___ axis. Earth revolves about the ___, which is an ___ axis.
- A.
Sun, external, North/South pole, internal
- B.
North/South pole, external, sun, internal
- C.
Sun, internal, North/South pole, external
- D.
North/South pole, internal, sun, external
Correct Answer
D. North/South pole, internal, sun, externalExplanation
Earth rotates about the North/South pole, which is an internal axis. This rotation causes day and night on Earth. Earth also revolves around the sun, which is an external axis. This revolution takes approximately 365.25 days to complete, resulting in the changing of seasons.Rate this question:
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