Comm 118 Exam 2 Practice Test

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Ctphillips908

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16-year-old John is looking at two pictures. Picture A is of a zombie cartoon and Picture B is of an actor dressed as a zombie. Why would Picture B (actor) be more frightening to John?
- The more similar the stimulus is to a real-life situation, the more we will be influenced
- The more dissimilar the stimulus is to a real-life situation, the more we will be influenced
- The more similar the stimulus is to a real-life situation, the less we will be influenced
- The pictures will be equally frightening to John

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All these questions were pulled directly from the study questions posted on Angel. They are all created by students.

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2.

Mark watched a new film and thought the movie was fun but did not think it contained a lesson; he wants to watch the movie again. Alex watched a new film and thought the movie had inner beauty, courage, and a lesson; he does not want to watch the movie again. Which statement is most likely true?
- The movie Mark watched was about a serious topic such as slavery
- The movie Alex watched was about an underage drinking party
- Mark enjoyed the film and Alex appreciated the film
- All of the above
Correct Answer

A. Mark enjoyed the film and Alex appreciated the film

Explanation

The given answer suggests that Mark enjoyed the film because he found it fun, while Alex appreciated the film because he believed it had inner beauty, courage, and a lesson. This implies that both Mark and Alex had positive experiences with the movie, but in different ways. Therefore, the statement "Mark enjoyed the film and Alex appreciated the film" is most likely true.

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3.

Kelly is watching Prison Break, and sees her favorite character, Michael Scoffield is being brutally beaten by another prison inmate. She feels for him and hopes he is okay because he is her favorite character and she wants him to do good. This is an example of...
- Mood Induction
- Catharsis
- Affective Disposition Theory
- Mean World Syndrome
Correct Answer

A. Affective Disposition Theory

Explanation

Affective Disposition Theory suggests that people form emotional attachments to fictional characters, and these attachments can influence their emotions and reactions towards the characters' experiences. In this scenario, Kelly's emotional response to Michael Scoffield being beaten demonstrates her emotional attachment to him as her favorite character. Her concern for his well-being and desire for him to do well align with the principles of Affective Disposition Theory.

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4.

Joe is a 4 year old child who loves spending time watching TV and playing on his mom’s iPad and cell phone. Joe seems to have a hard time deciding what is fantasy and what is reality. What stage of cognitive development does Joe fit into?
- Preoperational
- Sensorimotor
- Conrete Operational
- Format Operational
Correct Answer

A. Preoperational

Explanation

Joe's difficulty in distinguishing between fantasy and reality suggests that he is in the preoperational stage of cognitive development. In this stage, children typically have limited logical thinking abilities and struggle with understanding abstract concepts. They often rely on their imagination and have difficulty understanding that things on TV or electronic devices are not real. This stage is characterized by egocentrism and a lack of conservation skills.

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5.

Jenny and Whitney are watching a scary movie. The murderer has just come in and shot the babysitter; both girls scream and their hearts are now racing. A couple moments later, they hear the front door open and scream in terror. Their emotions are heightened and they are even more scared than they would be on any normal night. Why does this occur?
- Excitation Transfer
- Desensitization
- Counter Conditioning
- Gender-based Stereotypes
Correct Answer

A. Excitation Transfer

Explanation

Excitation transfer occurs when the arousal from one stimulus is transferred and added to the arousal from another stimulus, intensifying the emotional response. In this scenario, the heightened emotions from watching the scary movie, specifically the shock of the babysitter being shot, are transferred and added to the arousal caused by hearing the front door open. This intensifies their fear and makes them even more scared than they would be on a normal night.

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6.

A large group of people are asked a series of detailed, specific, in-depth questions regarding the type of media they consume on a daily basis. This is an example of what type of research method?
- Codebook
- Content Analyssi
- Experiment
- Survey
Correct Answer

A. Survey

Explanation

The given scenario describes a research method where a large group of people are asked detailed, specific, in-depth questions about their media consumption on a daily basis. This method is known as a survey. Surveys are commonly used to gather data from a large sample size and obtain information about people's opinions, behaviors, or characteristics. In this case, the survey is being used to collect data on the type of media consumed by individuals.

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7.

What is the name of the government agency that is in charge of censoring content on TV?
- FBI
- FCC
- CNN
- NSA
Correct Answer

A. FCC

Explanation

The correct answer is FCC. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is the government agency responsible for regulating and censoring content on TV. They enforce rules and guidelines to ensure that the content broadcasted on television adheres to certain standards, such as obscenity, indecency, and profanity. The FCC also handles other aspects of communication, including radio, internet, and telephone services.

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8.

Bob is rooting for the Giants to win. They’ve been neck and neck with the Eagles for the entire second half of the game, with each team scoring back to back. With 50 seconds left, the score is Giants 35, Eagles 41. In the last few seconds the Giants score a touchdown and make the extra point for a victory. Bob should now be undergoing:
- Stimulus generalization
- Positive heightened arousal
- Typical arousal
- Negative heightened arousal
Correct Answer

A. Positive heightened arousal

Explanation

Bob should now be undergoing positive heightened arousal because his team, the Giants, scored a touchdown and made the extra point for a victory in the last few seconds of the game. This would likely cause Bob to feel excited, elated, and energized, leading to a state of positive heightened arousal.

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9.

As I watch “The Walking Dead,” one of my favorite characters, Rick, is being attacked by zombies. I am scared for him hope he is alright. This is an example of...
- Mood Induction
- Affective Disposition Theory
- Catharsis
- Mean World Syndrome
Correct Answer

A. Affective Disposition Theory

Explanation

This scenario exemplifies the Affective Disposition Theory, which suggests that individuals can develop emotional connections and attachments to fictional characters. In this case, the person watching "The Walking Dead" is experiencing fear and concern for the character Rick as he is being attacked by zombies. This emotional response is a result of the viewer's affective disposition towards Rick, indicating the influence of the Affective Disposition Theory.

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10.

Roger plays a lot of violent video games. He doesn't think the video games make him more violent, but he is worried that they might make other people more violent. Roger being worried that the games have more of an effect on others is called what?
- Catharsis
- Desensistation
- Third person effect
- Individual differences
Correct Answer

A. Third person effect

Explanation

The correct answer is "third person effect." The third person effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals believe that media influences others more than it influences themselves. In this case, Roger believes that violent video games may make other people more violent, but not himself. This demonstrates the third person effect as he perceives a differential impact of the games on others compared to himself.

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11.

On a hot summer day, you see a man wearing sunglasses and eating an ice cream cone. The relationship of these two products is:
- Causation
- Codebooks
- Correlation
- Dependent and independent variables
Correct Answer

A. Correlation

Explanation

The relationship between the man wearing sunglasses and eating an ice cream cone is a correlation. This means that there is a statistical relationship or association between these two variables. It does not imply causation, where one variable directly causes the other. In this case, the correlation suggests that there may be a tendency for people to wear sunglasses while eating ice cream on hot summer days, but it does not indicate that one action causes the other.

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12.

Which stage of cognitive development best describes a child (age three) who has difficulty understanding character transformations in the media, such as Peter Parker’s transformation into Spider Man?
- Preoperational
- Sensorimotor
- Formal Operational
- Concrete Operational
Correct Answer

A. Preoperational

Explanation

The preoperational stage of cognitive development, according to Piaget's theory, is characterized by egocentrism and a lack of understanding of conservation and reversibility. Children in this stage have difficulty understanding abstract concepts and may struggle with transformations, such as character transformations in the media. Therefore, a child (age three) who has difficulty understanding character transformations in the media is best described by the preoperational stage of cognitive development.

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13.

While watching Gossip Girl, I am reminded of my days in high school. Blaire Waldorf is comparable to some of my friends and I feel like Blaire and I are best friends. Why is this?
- Appreciation
- Parasocial Relationships
- Identification
- Catharsis
Correct Answer

A. Parasocial Relationships

Explanation

Parasocial relationships refer to one-sided relationships where an individual forms an emotional connection with a media character, such as Blaire Waldorf from Gossip Girl. This connection is often driven by a sense of familiarity and identification, where the viewer sees similarities between themselves and the character. In this case, the person watching Gossip Girl may feel a strong connection to Blaire and perceive her as a best friend due to shared experiences or personality traits. This phenomenon is common and can provide a sense of companionship and comfort, even though it is not a real relationship.

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14.

Johnny, a seven year old child, watches a PG-13 television show with massive amounts of violence. The next day in school, he sees some of his classmates beating up on one of the smaller boys. However, Johnny does not seem to be terribly bothered by the bullying, and does not run to tell the teacher about what is going on. How come?
- Mean World Syndrome
- Desensitation
- General Affective Aggression Model
- Moral Panic
Correct Answer

A. Desensitation

Explanation

Johnny's lack of reaction to the bullying can be attributed to desensitization. By watching a television show with massive amounts of violence, Johnny may have become accustomed to seeing aggressive behavior, which in turn has reduced his emotional response to witnessing bullying. Desensitization can lead to a diminished sense of empathy and concern for others, making it less likely for Johnny to be bothered by the bullying or feel the need to report it to the teacher.

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15.

Lisa loves the Hunger Games movies. In the movies, each district sends one boy and girl to the Capitol to participate in the Games. At the Games, these “Tributes” fight to the death. Lisa knows that a society like this is impossible, but she is willing to go along with it. This acceptance of far-fetched ideas is explained by what theory?
- Parasocial Relationship
- Suspension of Disbelief
- Identification
- Excitation Transfer
Correct Answer

A. Suspension of Disbelief

Explanation

The correct answer is Suspension of Disbelief. Suspension of disbelief is a theory that explains how individuals are able to temporarily set aside their skepticism and accept fictional or fantastical elements in a story or entertainment medium. In this case, Lisa's acceptance of the far-fetched idea of a society like the one portrayed in the Hunger Games movies demonstrates her ability to suspend her disbelief and immerse herself in the story.

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16.

Sam watched two movies: one about ruthless aliens attacking and obliterating another faraway planet, and one about a series of burglaries and kidnappings in a rural Pennsylvania town. He thought the movie about Pennsylvania was much scarier. What theory is a possible explanation for this?
- Uses and Gratifications
- Mood Induction
- Stimulus Generalization
- Front Stage Behvaior
Correct Answer

A. Stimulus Generalization

Explanation

Stimulus Generalization is a possible explanation for Sam finding the movie about Pennsylvania scarier. This theory suggests that individuals can generalize their emotional responses from one stimulus to similar stimuli. In this case, Sam may have associated the burglaries and kidnappings in the movie with real-life crime and danger, making it more frightening for him. The concept of stimulus generalization implies that past experiences and associations can influence our emotional reactions to similar situations.

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17.

Which of the following does a child NOT experience during the Preoporational stage of development?
- Centration
- Egocentricism
- Empathy
- Difficulty understanding transformations
Correct Answer

A. Empathy

Explanation

During the Preoperational stage of development, children do not fully develop empathy. This stage, according to Piaget's theory, occurs between the ages of 2 and 7. During this stage, children are egocentric, meaning they struggle to understand others' perspectives and often only see things from their own point of view. They also experience centration, which is the tendency to focus on only one aspect of a situation and ignore others. Additionally, they have difficulty understanding transformations, such as the concept of conservation. However, empathy, which involves understanding and sharing the feelings of others, is not fully developed until later stages of development.

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18.

Jake is ten years old. He demostrates clear logical and concrete reasoning when faced with day to day situations. He is less egocentric and more aware of external events than he was five years ago. What stage of cognitive development is Jake currently in?
- Formal Operational
- Concrete Operational
- Childhood
- Preoperational
Correct Answer

A. Concrete Operational

Explanation

Based on the given information, Jake is currently in the Concrete Operational stage of cognitive development. This stage typically occurs between the ages of 7 and 11, which aligns with Jake's age of ten. In this stage, children demonstrate logical and concrete reasoning abilities, as well as a decrease in egocentrism and an increased awareness of external events. Therefore, the Concrete Operational stage is the most appropriate stage for Jake's current cognitive development.

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19.

Which of the following is a component of desensitization?
- Classic conditioning
- Excitement transder
- Moral panic
- Stimulus generalization
Correct Answer

A. Classic conditioning

Explanation

Classic conditioning is a component of desensitization because it involves pairing a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that elicits a response. Over time, the neutral stimulus becomes associated with the response, causing the response to occur even in the absence of the original stimulus. In the context of desensitization, classic conditioning is used to gradually expose individuals to a feared or anxiety-provoking stimulus in a controlled and safe manner, with the goal of reducing their fear or anxiety response.

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20.

The cartoon version of a Spiderman villain, the Green Goblin was played by an actual character in the 2002 Spiderman movie, according to stimulus generalization…
- A neutral stimulus evokes a specific response due to its systematic association with a related stimulus that causes a similar reaction
- The effects of fear inducted by media can be long-lasting
- The more similar the stimulus is to a real-life situation, the more we’ll be influenced by it
- Media violence may intensify reactions other than aggression
Correct Answer

A. The more similar the stimulus is to a real-life situation, the more we’ll be influenced by it
21.

What is the difference between a survey and a poll
- There is no difference
- A poll asks more people than a survey does
- Pills are only used for political events
- A survey is more in depth/detailed that a poll
Correct Answer

A. A survey is more in depth/detailed that a poll

Explanation

A survey is a research method used to collect data from a specific group of people in order to gather detailed information and insights on a particular topic. It often involves a larger sample size and includes a wide range of questions to explore the subject matter thoroughly. On the other hand, a poll is a simpler and more concise method that typically involves asking a smaller group of people a limited number of questions to gauge their opinions or preferences on a specific issue. Therefore, the answer stating that a survey is more in-depth and detailed than a poll is correct.

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22.

Researchers examine whether young children are more scared of a fantasy animated scary sea monster or a fictional scenario of someone getting caught in a tornado in a movie. Results showed that younger children were more afraid of the sea monsters despite the fact that getting caught in a tornado is more realistic due to:
- Gender portrayals
- Social cognitive development
- Cultivation
- Content analysis
Correct Answer

A. Social cognitive development

Explanation

The correct answer is social cognitive development. This refers to the cognitive processes that individuals use to understand and interpret social situations and behaviors. In this case, younger children may be more afraid of the sea monsters because they have not yet fully developed their cognitive abilities to differentiate between fantasy and reality. They may have difficulty understanding that getting caught in a tornado is a more realistic threat compared to a fantasy sea monster.

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23.

According to George Gerbner,
- Media almost universally does not change the way we perceive the world.
- People who consume different amounts of media are affected equally.
- Desensitization is not common.
- Consumption of media over time can alter perceptions of reality.
Correct Answer

A. Consumption of media over time can alter perceptions of reality.

Explanation

Consumption of media over time can alter perceptions of reality because George Gerbner believed that exposure to media content shapes our understanding of the world. He argued that repeated exposure to certain messages, themes, and portrayals in media can influence our beliefs, values, and attitudes. This concept is known as cultivation theory, which suggests that heavy media consumption can lead to a distorted view of reality, as individuals may start to perceive the world in line with the dominant narratives and representations depicted in media.

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24.

Harry is conducting an experiment on rats to see how their bodies react to butter vs. margarine. The first set of rats is fed butter, the second group is fed margarine, and the third group is fed nothing. The third group can be identified as the _________.
- Control group
- Variable
- Negative correlation
- Pre-test, Post- test
Correct Answer

A. Control group

Explanation

The third group can be identified as the control group. In an experiment, the control group is a group that is not exposed to the independent variable (in this case, butter or margarine) and is used as a baseline for comparison. By not feeding the third group anything, Harry can compare the effects of butter and margarine on the other two groups to the natural state of the rats in the control group. This helps to determine if any observed effects are due to the independent variable or other factors.

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25.

Name the scholar who is responsible for the excitation transfer process?
- Pavlov
- Zillmann
- Cantor
- Frasier
Correct Answer

A. Zillmann

Explanation

Zillmann is the correct answer because he is the scholar who is responsible for the excitation transfer process. The excitation transfer process refers to the transfer of arousal from one stimulus to another, which can influence emotional responses and behavior. Zillmann's research and theories have greatly contributed to our understanding of this process and its effects on individuals.

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26.

Kelly is interested in media effects research. She wants to examine the violence in a television show to gage its effects on viewers. She has decided to numerically describe the content of American Horror Story. Kelly’s method is an example of a(n)
- Survey
- Experiment
- Content Analysis
- None of these
Correct Answer

A. Content Analysis

Explanation

Kelly's method of numerically describing the content of American Horror Story to examine its effects on viewers is an example of content analysis. Content analysis involves systematically analyzing and quantifying the content of media, such as television shows, to gain insights into its characteristics, themes, or effects. In this case, Kelly is specifically interested in examining the violence in the show and its impact on viewers, which aligns with the purpose of content analysis.

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27.

When Janey’s brothers forced her to watch a scary movie with them one night, she stayed up all night with a fast heart rate, she found herself looking all over her bedroom spastically, and she had the chills. What was happening to Janey that night?
- She was becoming desensitized
- She was experiencing moral panic
- She was having physiological reactions
- She was experiencing cultivation of fear
Correct Answer

A. She was having physiological reactions

Explanation

Janey was experiencing physiological reactions. The symptoms mentioned, such as a fast heart rate, looking all over her bedroom spastically, and having the chills, are all physical responses to fear or anxiety. These reactions are commonly associated with the body's fight-or-flight response, which is triggered in stressful or threatening situations. In this case, Janey's body was reacting to the scary movie and the fear it induced, causing these physiological responses.

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28.

Ann is reading a magazine when she notices that her favorite female celebrity is in an ad that puts an emphasis on her obsession with shopping. Ann is disappointed that the magazine has placed the celebrity in this role. What is this ad an example of?
- Gender-based stereotypes
- Obscenity
- Propaganda
- Mood management
Correct Answer

A. Gender-based stereotypes

Explanation

This ad is an example of gender-based stereotypes because it portrays the female celebrity as being obsessed with shopping, which reinforces the stereotype that women are materialistic and overly concerned with their appearance.

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29.

The film Silver Linings Playbook was a box office success since it had hints of comedy and overall shared a positive message of perseverance. Additionally, the film had award success for its superior acting, production, and screenplay. Therefore, Silver Linings Playbook exhibits:
- Enjoyment
- Apprecaition
- Both A and B
- None of the above
Correct Answer

A. Both A and B

Explanation

The film Silver Linings Playbook exhibits both enjoyment and appreciation. It was a box office success due to its comedic elements and positive message of perseverance, which made it enjoyable for audiences. Additionally, the film received awards for its superior acting, production, and screenplay, indicating that it was also appreciated by critics and industry professionals.

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30.

What is the name of the model Anderson and Bushman created to explain people’s reactions to violent media?
- Violence and Aggression Model (VAM)
- General Affective Aggression Model (GAAM)
- Anderson-Bushman Model
- Moral Panic Model
Correct Answer

A. General Affective Aggression Model (GAAM)

Explanation

The correct answer is the General Affective Aggression Model (GAAM). This model was created by Anderson and Bushman to explain people's reactions to violent media. The GAAM suggests that exposure to violent media increases aggressive thoughts, emotions, and physiological arousal, which in turn increases the likelihood of aggressive behavior. It also takes into account individual differences and situational factors that may influence the relationship between media violence and aggression.

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31.

What does PENS stand for?
- Player Enlargement of Needed Strength
- Political Engagement of Needed Satisfaction
- Player Experience of Need Satisfaction
- Possible Entrance of Needy Siblings
Correct Answer

A. Player Experience of Need Satisfaction

Explanation

The acronym PENS stands for Player Experience of Need Satisfaction. This suggests that it refers to the overall satisfaction and fulfillment of needs experienced by a player. It implies that the player's needs are being met in a satisfactory manner, leading to a positive experience.

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32.

Which of the following is a characteristic of mood?
- Long lasting
- Usually determined by valence (positive or negative)
- No identifiable target
- All of the above
Correct Answer

A. All of the above

Explanation

The characteristic of mood is that it is long-lasting, usually determined by valence (positive or negative), and does not have an identifiable target.

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33.

Growing up, my brother had issues dealing with horror and violence in media. In order to allow him to cope with this we had to go through the process of _______ to desensitize him.
- Counter Conditioning
- Excitation Transfer
- Improving Portrayals
- Mood Management Theory
Correct Answer

A. Counter Conditioning

Explanation

In order to help my brother cope with his issues with horror and violence in media, we had to go through the process of counter conditioning. This involves exposing him gradually to these types of content in a controlled and safe environment, while pairing it with positive experiences or relaxation techniques. The goal is to change his negative emotional response to these stimuli and replace it with a more positive or neutral one. Through repeated exposure and conditioning, he can become desensitized to the fear or distress that these media portray.

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34.

On the big day that his favorite sports team played the most important game of the season, David was extremely pumped up. The arousal that he felt as the game progressed only seemed to increase. The game was a close one, but his favorite team won which called for a celebration. He then went out with his friends to the bar to celebrate the win. He carried the excitement that he felt about the victory with him when he went out with his friends and had one of the best nights of his life. What theory did David exhibit?
- Affective Disposition Theory
- Mood Induction
- Desensitation
- Excitement Transfer
Correct Answer

A. Excitement Transfer

Explanation

David exhibited the theory of Excitement Transfer. This theory suggests that the excitement or arousal felt in one situation can transfer or carry over to another situation. In this case, David's excitement from his favorite team winning the game transferred to his night out with friends, making it one of the best nights of his life.

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35.

As of late February, Janie notices that people around her are talking about how video games are making children her age more violent. Her teachers are starting to say that the children who enact in rough and tumble play on the playground are mimicking the video games that they play at home. She has even heard some celebrities on the news as her parents watch television who think that video games as a whole are making people more violent. What are these teachers and professionals displaying?
- Media violence
- Need satisfactiom
- Flow
- Moral panic
Correct Answer

A. Moral panic

Explanation

The teachers and professionals are displaying moral panic. This is evident from their belief that video games are making children more violent and their concern about the impact of video games on society. Moral panic refers to a widespread fear or concern that emerges in a society over a perceived threat to its social order or values. In this case, the teachers and professionals are reacting to the perceived threat of video games causing violence in children, which is a characteristic of moral panic.

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36.

Characteristics of moods consist of:
- No identifiable target
- Long lasting
- Usually higher arousal
- Usually determined by valence
- A, C, and D
- A, B, and D
Correct Answer

A. A, B, and D

Explanation

The characteristics of moods consist of no identifiable target, long lasting, and usually determined by valence. These characteristics are represented by options A, B, and D. Option C, which states that moods are usually higher arousal, is incorrect as moods can vary in arousal levels.

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37.

Ally has just gotten started with a new video game that really captures her attention. She can stay on the console playing for hours! She has just enough skill to complete the challenges presented to her. What would you call this phenomenon?
- Relatedness
- Autonomy
- Flow
- Excitement
Correct Answer

A. Flow

Explanation

Flow refers to a state of complete immersion and focus in an activity where one experiences a sense of energized focus, enjoyment, and fulfillment. In this scenario, Ally's deep engagement and ability to stay on the console playing for hours suggest that she is experiencing flow while playing the video game. She is fully absorbed in the challenges presented to her and has just enough skill to meet them, leading to a heightened sense of satisfaction and enjoyment.

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38.

Jill, a 4 year old, is watching a comedy about losing a job on TV. She enjoys watching because of all the laughing, but does not comprehend the perspectives of what these people are going through, because she has yet to experience it herself. What part of the preoperational stage would this describe?
- Sensiromotor
- Egocentrism
- Centration
- Cognitive development
Correct Answer

A. Egocentrism

Explanation

Egocentrism is the correct answer because it refers to the tendency of young children to only see the world from their own perspective and struggle to understand the viewpoints of others. In this scenario, Jill is enjoying the comedy because of the laughter, but she is not able to comprehend the perspectives of the characters who are losing their jobs because she has yet to experience that herself. This inability to understand the experiences and perspectives of others is a characteristic of egocentrism in the preoperational stage of cognitive development.

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39.

A girl watching the movie Frozen really connects with the main character Anna. She feels as though she is just as adventurous, determined, and caring as Anna. By feeling a lot like Anna from Frozen, the girl is experiencing:
- Transportation
- Identification
- Parasocial relationship
- Suspension of disbelief
Correct Answer

A. Identification

Explanation

Identification refers to the psychological process through which an individual relates to and empathizes with a fictional character, often projecting their own experiences, emotions, and qualities onto that character. In this case, the girl watching Frozen connects with the main character Anna, feeling that she shares similar traits and qualities with her. This identification allows the girl to emotionally engage with the character and feel a sense of connection and relatability.

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40.

What stage of cognitive development does the child start to become more aware of external events and demonstrates logical and concrete reasoning?
- Formal operational
- Sensorimotor
- Preoperational
- Concrete operational
Correct Answer

A. Concrete operational

Explanation

The child starts to become more aware of external events and demonstrates logical and concrete reasoning during the concrete operational stage of cognitive development. This stage typically occurs between the ages of 7 and 11. During this stage, children are able to think logically and understand cause and effect relationships. They can also perform mental operations and solve problems using concrete objects or events. They are no longer limited to thinking in purely concrete terms, but they have not yet reached the stage of formal operational thinking, which involves abstract reasoning.

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41.

Ryan watches a baseball game between the Yankees and the Mets. When the Yankees win, Ryan is in a very bad mood because he does not like them. What theory does this portray?
- Third-person Effect
- Affective Disposition Theory
- General Affective Aggression Model
- Catharsis
Correct Answer

A. Affective Disposition Theory

Explanation

The given scenario demonstrates the Affective Disposition Theory. This theory suggests that an individual's pre-existing feelings or attitudes towards a particular stimulus, such as a sports team, can influence their emotional response to events related to that stimulus. In this case, Ryan's negative disposition towards the Yankees leads to his bad mood when they win the baseball game.

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42.

Children are able to use deductive reasoning, and an understanding of abstract ideas. And become capable of seeing multiple potential solutions to problems and think more scientifically about the world around them. What stage of cognitive development is?
- Sensorimotor
- Preoperational
- Concrete Operational
- Formal Operational
Correct Answer

A. Formal Operational

Explanation

The stage of cognitive development described in the question is the formal operational stage. This stage is characterized by the ability to use deductive reasoning and think abstractly. Individuals in this stage can consider multiple potential solutions to problems and think more scientifically about the world.

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43.

The dimensional approach to understanding emotions includes which two factors?
- Arousal and Valence
- Arousal and Time
- Time and Previous Effect of Stimulus
- Energy and Valence
Correct Answer

A. Arousal and Valence

Explanation

The dimensional approach to understanding emotions focuses on two factors: arousal and valence. Arousal refers to the intensity or activation level of an emotion, while valence refers to the positive or negative nature of the emotion. This approach suggests that emotions can be categorized based on these two dimensions, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of emotional experiences.

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44.

Susie had a hard day at work. A major deal with a client fell through and her boss yelled at her as a result. Susie is very disappointed in herself and is extremely stressed. To counter her horrible day, Susie resorts to watching puppy videos the rest of the night to put her in a better mood. This is an example of:
- Pleasure Mood Theory
- Uses and Gratifications
- Hedonist Theory
- Mood Management Theory
Correct Answer

A. Mood Management Theory

Explanation

Mood Management Theory suggests that individuals engage in certain activities, such as watching puppy videos, to regulate and improve their mood. In this case, Susie is using the puppy videos as a way to counter her negative emotions and stress from her hard day at work. By watching these videos, she hopes to elevate her mood and feel better. This aligns with the concept of Mood Management Theory, making it the correct answer.

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45.

Which theory proposed viewing violent media would help people purge their will to commit to violent acts, but then later on was debunked because it does not in fact work?
- Mood management
- Affective disposition
- Catharsis
- ELMS
Correct Answer

A. Catharsis

Explanation

The theory of catharsis proposed that viewing violent media would help people release or purge their aggressive impulses, thereby reducing the likelihood of committing violent acts. However, this theory has been debunked because research has shown that instead of reducing aggression, exposure to violent media actually increases aggressive behavior in individuals. Therefore, catharsis is not an effective method for managing or reducing violent tendencies.

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46.

The movie "Jersey Girl" is a movie about a little girl and her father that grow up in the city after her mother died at childbirth. The show begins with the childbirth/death of the mother and ends with a happy ending (the girl and her father are closer than ever, etc). This is a prime example of:
- Elevation
- Movie plot twist management
- Identification
- Media consumerism
Correct Answer

A. Elevation
47.

According to the theory of Cultivation; Which of these statements is true?
- Short term, intense exposure to media may shape our perceptions of reality.
- The more media you consume, the less you believe the world resembles your media experience.
- Long term exposure to media can shape our perceptions of reality.
- Cultivation theory states nothing about how media can shape our reality, rather it focuses on memory and how we recall things.
Correct Answer

A. Long term exposure to media can shape our perceptions of reality.

Explanation

Long term exposure to media can shape our perceptions of reality. This is in line with the theory of Cultivation, which suggests that prolonged exposure to media content can gradually influence our beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions about the world. This theory argues that the more we are exposed to certain messages and representations in the media, the more likely we are to accept them as accurate reflections of reality. Over time, this can lead to a cultivation effect, where our perceptions align more closely with the media content we consume.

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48.

Out of these theories, which one has faced the hardest criticism?
- Desensitation
- Catharsis
- Excitation
- Cultivation
Correct Answer

A. Catharsis

Explanation

Catharsis theory has faced the hardest criticism among the given options. This theory suggests that engaging in violent or aggressive behavior can release built-up tension and reduce the likelihood of further aggression. However, critics argue that there is insufficient evidence to support this theory and that it may even have harmful effects by normalizing violence. Additionally, some studies have shown that exposure to violent media can actually increase aggressive behavior rather than reducing it. Therefore, the criticism against catharsis theory is strong, making it the most heavily criticized theory among the options provided.

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49.

There is a Player Experience of Need Satisfaction scale (PENS). If I found the relationships I formed in the game important, which part of the PENS scale am I on?
- Competency
- Autonomy
- Relatedness
- Insight
Correct Answer

A. Relatedness

Explanation

If you find the relationships you formed in the game important, you are on the "Relatedness" part of the PENS scale. This scale measures the satisfaction of psychological needs in a game, and "Relatedness" refers to the need for social connection and a sense of belonging. It indicates that you value the relationships you have formed within the game and find them significant for your overall player experience.

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Which theory proposed viewing violent media would help people purge their will to commit to violent acts, but then later on was debunked because it does not in fact work?

The movie "Jersey Girl" is a movie about a little girl and her father that grow up in the city after her mother died at childbirth. The show begins with the childbirth/death of the mother and ends with a happy ending (the girl and her father are closer than ever, etc). This is a prime example of:

According to the theory of Cultivation; Which of these statements is true?

Out of these theories, which one has faced the hardest criticism?

There is a Player Experience of Need Satisfaction scale (PENS). If I found the relationships I formed in the game important, which part of the PENS scale am I on?