Mini Med Fall 2016 Honors Quiz

The normal ranges for adult heart rate and respiratory rate are HR: 60-100 beats/min and RR: 12-20 breaths/min. This means that a healthy adult's heart rate should be between 60 and 100 beats per minute, while their respiratory rate should be between 12 and 20 breaths per minute. This range is considered normal for adults and indicates proper functioning of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

Bacteria that reside in our bodies, known as normal flora, play a beneficial role in protecting us from harmful pathogens. These bacteria help in digestion, produce vitamins, and compete with disease-causing bacteria for resources, thus preventing infections. Therefore, it is true that we all carry bacteria that serve a protective role.

Atherosclerotic plaques, which are deposits of cholesterol and fatty substances, narrow the blood vessels by building up on the inner walls. This narrowing reduces the space available for blood to flow through, leading to a decrease in blood flow. Therefore, the correct answer is "Narrow blood vessels, decreases flow."

Based on the given information, Neil's BMI is 22.5. A BMI of 22.5 falls within the normal range, indicating that Neil has a healthy body weight in relation to his height. Therefore, the correct classification for Neil based on his BMI is "Normal".

Genital herpes can be spread even if there are no visible sores because the virus can still be present in the body and shed asymptomatically. This means that an infected person can transmit the virus to their sexual partner(s) through skin-to-skin contact, even if there are no obvious signs of an outbreak. It is important to practice safe sex and use barrier methods, such as condoms, to reduce the risk of transmission.

The pancreas is said to have both endocrine and exocrine functions. The endocrine function refers to the production and secretion of hormones, such as insulin and glucagon, into the bloodstream to regulate blood sugar levels. The exocrine function refers to the production and secretion of digestive enzymes into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Therefore, the pancreas is unique in its ability to perform both endocrine and exocrine functions.

The correct answer is that the vaccine resembles the infection and boosts the immune system by helping to 'remember' the infectious agent. Vaccines work by introducing a weakened or inactive form of the infectious agent into the body. This stimulates the immune system to produce a response, including the production of antibodies. These antibodies help the immune system recognize and fight off the actual infectious agent if the person is exposed to it in the future. By "remembering" the infectious agent, the immune system can mount a faster and more effective response, preventing or reducing the severity of the infection.

Headache is not indicative of a heart attack because it is not a common symptom associated with heart problems. Chest pain, pain in the left arm, and shortness of breath are commonly seen in heart attacks due to the lack of oxygen reaching the heart muscle. However, headaches are more commonly associated with other conditions such as migraines or tension headaches.

The given statement is false. Rates of gonorrhea and chlamydia are not most heavily concentrated among the elderly population. These sexually transmitted infections are more commonly found in younger age groups, particularly among sexually active individuals in their teens and twenties. The elderly population generally has lower rates of these infections due to decreased sexual activity and less exposure to risky behaviors.

The best recommendation to reduce Mr. Sanga's risk of future MI is to abstain from smoking. Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including acute myocardial infarction. By quitting smoking, Mr. Sanga can significantly reduce his risk of experiencing a heart attack.

The systolic blood pressure is the higher number in a blood pressure reading and represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats and pumps blood. In this case, the blood pressure reading is 155/93, indicating that 155 is the systolic blood pressure. The term "measured at the 1st beat" refers to the point when the healthcare professional first hears the sound of blood flow in the arteries, which is used to determine the systolic blood pressure.

The correct direction of blood flow through the heart starts with blood from the veins entering the Right Atrium, then it moves to the Right Ventricle, from there it goes to the Lungs for oxygenation, after which it returns to the heart through the Left Atrium, then it moves to the Left Ventricle, and finally, it is pumped out to the body through the Aorta.

Type I diabetes is characterized by the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin, which is necessary for the body to regulate blood sugar levels. Therefore, individuals with Type I diabetes require insulin injections to survive. On the other hand, Type II diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, where the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin. However, the pancreas is still able to produce insulin, although it may not be enough to maintain normal blood sugar levels. Therefore, individuals with Type II diabetes can still make insulin, but may require medication or lifestyle changes to manage their condition.

Robert's blood pressure of 164/102 mmHg falls within the range for stage 2 hypertension, which is classified as systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 160 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 100 mmHg. Additionally, his heart rate of 104 beats per minute falls within the range for tachycardia, which is defined as a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute. Therefore, the accurate classification of Robert's presentation is stage 2 hypertension and tachycardia.

The given answer is "Long term memory loss." This means that all of the other options, including compulsive eating, paranoia, and lethargy, are proven effects of marijuana use. However, long term memory loss is not considered a proven effect of marijuana use.

The statement that complications of diabetes can only affect some organs in the body is incorrect. Diabetes is a systemic disease that can affect multiple organs and systems in the body. Some common complications of diabetes include damage to the eyes (diabetic retinopathy), kidneys (diabetic nephropathy), nerves (diabetic neuropathy), and cardiovascular system (heart disease and stroke). Additionally, diabetes can also lead to complications in the feet, skin, and oral health. Therefore, it is important for individuals with diabetes to manage their condition effectively to prevent or minimize these complications.

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The blood pressure and temperature are abnormal findings in this case. A blood pressure of 156/92 is higher than the normal range, indicating hypertension. This could be a result of an underlying condition or infection. A temperature of 100.2 degrees F is slightly elevated, suggesting the presence of an infection. The cough producing yellow substance and fatigue further support the possibility of an infection. The pulse rate and respiratory rate are within normal limits.

HPV (Human Papillomavirus) infections are very common and most of them do not cause any symptoms or health problems. The immune system of the body usually clears the virus within 1 to 2 years, leading to the resolution of the infection without any specific treatment. Therefore, it is true that most HPV infections resolve on their own without treatment.

The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood, not oxygenated blood. This is because the pulmonary artery carries blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs, where it picks up oxygen and becomes oxygenated.

Insulin plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. After eating a meal, the body breaks down carbohydrates into glucose, which is then released into the bloodstream. Insulin is responsible for facilitating the uptake of glucose by cells, allowing them to use it as a source of energy. This process helps to lower the concentration of glucose in the blood, preventing it from reaching dangerous levels.

Regular screening is the best recommendation to prevent the development of Chlamydia and Gonorrhea. Screening helps to detect the infections early on, allowing for timely treatment and prevention of further transmission. It is important for sexually active individuals, especially those with multiple partners, to get screened regularly, even if they do not have any symptoms. This helps in identifying and treating infections before they cause complications or spread to others. Regular screening also promotes awareness and responsible sexual behavior.

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The correct answer states that the symptoms described (indigestion, extreme fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and fainting) are not common symptoms of a Myocardial Infarction (heart attack) in men, but they are commonly seen in women. This suggests that the symptoms experienced by Mr. Green are more likely to be indicative of a heart attack in women rather than men.

HbA1c values are useful in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of diabetes patients because they can indicate how well a patient's diabetes is managed over a long period of time. HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that reflects average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months. By measuring HbA1c, doctors can assess the effectiveness of a patient's diabetes management plan and make necessary adjustments. This helps in monitoring the patient's progress and determining if any changes in treatment or lifestyle are needed to maintain optimal blood glucose control.

The carotid artery is located in the neck and is a common site for taking a pulse. However, it is not considered a peripheral pulse location. Peripheral pulses are typically taken in the extremities, such as the wrist (radial pulse) or the foot (dorsalis pedis pulse). The temporalis pulse is taken on the side of the head. Therefore, the carotid artery would not be described as a place to take a peripheral pulse.

Periodic abstinence refers to abstaining from sexual activity during certain times of the menstrual cycle when a woman is most fertile. This method is considered a viable option for decreasing teen pregnancy because it can be effective in preventing pregnancy when used correctly. It does not involve the use of hormone therapy or the use of condoms and birth control, which are other methods mentioned in the options. The effectiveness of behavioral methods, including periodic abstinence, may vary depending on individual circumstances and proper usage.

Patients with uncontrolled hypertension may not always present with significant symptoms that lead to acute events. While uncontrolled hypertension can increase the risk of these events, not all patients will experience them. Some individuals with uncontrolled hypertension may be asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. It is important to note that uncontrolled hypertension still poses serious health risks and should be managed and treated appropriately.