Lifespan Development - Chapters 13 & 14 Quiz
- 1.
Which of these age-related changes is primarily a consequence of secondary aging?
- A.
Wrinkles
- B.
Thinning of hair
- C.
Obesity
- D.
Lowered fertility in women
Correct Answer
C. ObesityExplanation
Obesity is primarily a consequence of secondary aging. Secondary aging refers to changes that occur as a result of lifestyle factors, such as poor diet and lack of exercise, rather than natural aging processes. Obesity is often caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors, including overeating and a sedentary lifestyle. These factors can contribute to weight gain and an increased risk of health issues such as heart disease, diabetes, and joint problems. Therefore, obesity is a common age-related change that is primarily influenced by secondary aging.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of the following best summarizes the differences between men's and women's brains in young adulthood?
- A.
The corpus callosum develops faster in young men than in young women.
- B.
The distribution of glial cells is markedly different between young men and women.
- C.
The sex differences that were seen in childhood and adolescence become less pronounced in young adulthood.
- D.
The amount, distribution, and ratio of gray matter to white matter differs between men and women in young adulthood.
Correct Answer
D. The amount, distribution, and ratio of gray matter to white matter differs between men and women in young adulthood.Explanation
In young adulthood, the amount, distribution, and ratio of gray matter to white matter in the brain differs between men and women. This means that the composition and organization of brain tissue is not the same between the two genders during this stage of life.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which statement about aging and the immune system is true?
- A.
The thymus gland's ability to maintain immune functioning declines.
- B.
The body produces more B and T cells than it needs as adults get older.
- C.
The immune system's functioning improves with age.
- D.
Research shows that declines in immune functioning are entirely due to secondary aging.
Correct Answer
A. The thymus gland's ability to maintain immune functioning declines.Explanation
As people age, the thymus gland, which plays a crucial role in the development and maturation of T cells, gradually loses its ability to maintain immune functioning. This decline in thymus function leads to a decrease in the production of new T cells, making the immune system less efficient in fighting off infections and diseases. Therefore, the statement that the thymus gland's ability to maintain immune functioning declines is true.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following best describes changes in reproductive functioning as men age?
- A.
The quality of sperm does not change as men get older.
- B.
Lower sperm counts in men are almost always related to some kind of disease or adverse condition.
- C.
Men produce more sperm as they age.
- D.
At age 70, reproductive ability ends.
Correct Answer
B. Lower sperm counts in men are almost always related to some kind of disease or adverse condition.Explanation
As men age, it is common for their sperm counts to decrease. This decrease in sperm count is often associated with various diseases or adverse conditions. Therefore, lower sperm counts in men are almost always related to some kind of disease or adverse condition. It is important to note that this answer does not imply that all men with lower sperm counts have a disease or adverse condition, but rather that there is often a correlation between the two.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following statements related to STDs is true?
- A.
The prevalence of gonorrhea has increased considerably in recent years.
- B.
Syphilis rates have decreased dramatically since 2002.
- C.
Bacterial STDs are cause by microorganisms that can be eradicated with antibiotic medications.
- D.
Men are about three times as likely as women to suffer from chlamydia.
Correct Answer
C. Bacterial STDs are cause by microorganisms that can be eradicated with antibiotic medications.Explanation
Bacterial STDs are caused by microorganisms that can be eradicated with antibiotic medications. This means that infections such as gonorrhea and syphilis, which are caused by bacteria, can be effectively treated and cured with the use of antibiotics. However, it is important to note that the misuse or overuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance, making it more difficult to treat these infections in the future.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following is an episode of partner abuse that involves the use of physical coercion to force a person to engage in a sexual act against his or her will?
- A.
Battery
- B.
Intimate partner abuse
- C.
Battery
- D.
Sexual violence
Correct Answer
D. Sexual violenceExplanation
Sexual violence refers to an episode of partner abuse that involves the use of physical coercion to force a person to engage in a sexual act against their will. This can include acts such as rape, sexual assault, or any other form of non-consensual sexual activity. It is a form of abuse that violates the victim's autonomy, consent, and personal boundaries.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which category of psychological disorders occurs most frequently in early adulthood?
- A.
Anxiety disorders
- B.
Mood disorders
- C.
Schizophrenia
- D.
Personality disorders
Correct Answer
A. Anxiety disordersExplanation
Anxiety disorders occur most frequently in early adulthood because this is a period of significant life transitions and increased responsibilities, such as starting a career, establishing relationships, and becoming financially independent. These changes can lead to feelings of uncertainty and stress, which can contribute to the development of anxiety disorders. Additionally, the pressures to succeed and meet societal expectations during this stage of life can also contribute to the high prevalence of anxiety disorders in early adulthood.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Rates of substance abuse are much higher for ___________ than for other addictive substances.
- A.
Cocaine
- B.
Marijuana
- C.
Alcohol
- D.
Narcotics
Correct Answer
C. AlcoholExplanation
Rates of substance abuse are much higher for alcohol than for other addictive substances. This is because alcohol is legal and easily accessible, making it more widely used and abused compared to illicit drugs like cocaine and narcotics. Additionally, alcohol is socially acceptable and often seen as a normal part of social gatherings, which can contribute to its high rates of abuse.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Reflective judgment is
- A.
The ability to identify the underlying assumptions of differing perspectives on controversial issues
- B.
A type of thinking that is associated with a hypothesized fifth stage of cognitive development
- C.
A form of thought that involves recognition and acceptance of paradox and uncertainty
- D.
An idea that some propositions cannot be adequately described as either true or false
Correct Answer
A. The ability to identify the underlying assumptions of differing perspectives on controversial issuesExplanation
Reflective judgment refers to the ability to analyze and understand the underlying assumptions of different perspectives on controversial issues. This means being able to recognize and critically evaluate the reasons and beliefs that underlie different viewpoints. It involves going beyond surface-level understanding and considering the complexities and nuances of various arguments. Reflective judgment is an important cognitive skill that allows individuals to engage in critical thinking and make informed decisions based on a deeper understanding of differing perspectives.Rate this question:
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- 10.
One reason that females get higher grades than males in college may be that
- A.
Getting good grades is part of a feminine gender identity
- B.
Women are more likely than men to engage in binge drinking
- C.
Female students are more likely to select majors and courses that match their abilities and interests
- D.
Men get lower scores on college entrance exams
Correct Answer
C. Female students are more likely to select majors and courses that match their abilities and interestsExplanation
Female students are more likely to select majors and courses that match their abilities and interests. This suggests that females may have a better understanding of their strengths and preferences, leading them to choose subjects in which they can excel. By selecting courses aligned with their abilities and interests, female students may have a higher level of motivation and engagement, which could contribute to their higher grades in college.Rate this question:
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- 11.
In Erikson's developmental theory, the goal for young adults is to establish ___________, or the capacity to engage in a supportive, affectionate relationship without losing one's own sense of self.
- A.
Intimacy
- B.
Isolation
- C.
Identity
- D.
Industry
Correct Answer
A. IntimacyExplanation
In Erikson's developmental theory, the goal for young adults is to establish intimacy, which refers to the capacity to engage in a supportive, affectionate relationship without losing one's own sense of self. This stage is crucial for individuals to form deep connections and develop a sense of trust and commitment in their relationships. It involves balancing the need for emotional closeness with maintaining personal identity and independence. By successfully navigating this stage, young adults can experience fulfilling and meaningful relationships while also maintaining a strong sense of self.Rate this question:
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- 12.
All of the following are elements of evolutionary theories of mate selection EXCEPT
- A.
Women choose mates more slowly and carefully than men
- B.
Men prefer mates who are younger and physically attractive, and women prefer mates who have financial resources
- C.
Women invest more than men in childbearing and parenting
- D.
Both women and men are likely to select mates who are opposite in key characteristics (e.g., religion, age, ethnicity)
Correct Answer
D. Both women and men are likely to select mates who are opposite in key characteristics (e.g., religion, age, ethnicity)Explanation
The given answer is incorrect because the statement "Both women and men are likely to select mates who are opposite in key characteristics (e.g., religion, age, ethnicity)" is actually an element of evolutionary theories of mate selection. Evolutionary theories suggest that individuals are more likely to choose mates who possess complementary characteristics, as this increases the chances of producing offspring with a wider range of genetic traits, thus increasing the chances of survival and adaptation.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the following is FALSE with regard to marriage?
- A.
In the U.S., one-third of first marriages end before the 10th anniversary
- B.
Couples who cohabit before marriage are less likely to divorce
- C.
Low levels of relationship satisfaction are often attributable to factors that were present before the marriage
- D.
Relationship satisfaction decline after the birth of a child.
Correct Answer
B. Couples who cohabit before marriage are less likely to divorceExplanation
This statement is false because research has shown that couples who cohabit before marriage actually have a higher likelihood of divorcing compared to those who do not cohabit before marriage. Cohabiting before marriage does not necessarily lead to a stronger or more stable marriage.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Kate and Shawn are a married couple. They argue frequently and neither listen very well. Still, they get along well most of the time and neither have thoughts of getting divorced. According to John Gottman, what term would best describe Kate and Shawn?
- A.
Volatile couple
- B.
Disengaged couple
- C.
Validating couple
- D.
Avoidant couple
Correct Answer
A. Volatile coupleExplanation
Based on the information given, Kate and Shawn argue frequently and do not listen well to each other. However, they still get along well and do not have thoughts of getting divorced. This suggests that they have a passionate and intense relationship, characterized by high levels of conflict and emotional expression. The term "volatile couple" best describes their relationship dynamics.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Compared to peers who are married, single young adults are
- A.
Healthier
- B.
More satisfied with their lives
- C.
Less autonomous
- D.
More reliant upon their families of origin for psychological and emotional intimacy
Correct Answer
D. More reliant upon their families of origin for psychological and emotional intimacyExplanation
Single young adults are more reliant upon their families of origin for psychological and emotional intimacy compared to their married peers. This means that they depend more on their families for emotional support and connection, possibly because they do not have a spouse or partner to fulfill these needs. Being single may lead individuals to seek emotional closeness with their families, as they may not have a romantic relationship to provide this type of intimacy.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following is NOT true of gay and lesbian relationships?
- A.
Sexual fidelity is more important to gay couples than to lesbian couples
- B.
The same variables that predict satisfaction among heterosexual couples also predict among gay and lesbian couples
- C.
Gay and lesbian partners are more often dependent on each other for social support than men and women in heterosexual partnerships
- D.
Gay and lesbian couples are more egalitarian (equal) than heterosexual couples are
Correct Answer
A. Sexual fidelity is more important to gay couples than to lesbian couplesExplanation
The correct answer is "Sexual fidelity is more important to gay couples than to lesbian couples." This statement is not true because research has shown that both gay and lesbian couples place a similar level of importance on sexual fidelity in their relationships. Studies have found that both gay and lesbian couples value trust, commitment, and monogamy in their relationships. Therefore, this statement is not accurate.Rate this question:
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- 17.
What is the most reliable predictor of postpartum depression?
- A.
Depression during pregnancy
- B.
Prenatal hormone deficiency
- C.
An unplanned pregnancy
- D.
Difficulty during the pregnancy
Correct Answer
A. Depression during pregnancyExplanation
Depression during pregnancy is the most reliable predictor of postpartum depression. This is because studies have shown that women who experience depression during pregnancy are more likely to develop postpartum depression. Pregnancy itself can be a challenging and emotional time, and experiencing depression during this period increases the risk of developing postpartum depression after giving birth. Therefore, depression during pregnancy serves as an important indicator for healthcare professionals to identify women who may be at higher risk and provide appropriate support and interventions.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Greg is the "strong silent type" who prefers work that does not require him to interact with others, as he doesn't have great interpersonal skills. He is very skilled with hand and power tools, and enjoys his job as an auto mechanic. According to Holland, what is Greg's personality type?
- A.
Conventional
- B.
Artistic
- C.
Investigative
- D.
Realistic
Correct Answer
D. RealisticExplanation
Greg's preference for work that does not require him to interact with others and his skill with hand and power tools align with the characteristics of the Realistic personality type according to Holland's theory. Realistic individuals are practical, hands-on, and enjoy working with tools and machinery. They tend to be independent and prefer working alone rather than in social settings. Greg's enjoyment of his job as an auto mechanic further supports the classification of his personality type as Realistic.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Andre's company uses flextime, in where employees are allowed to create their own work schedules but at certain times, must be present. Andre's work conditions are part of a trend called
- A.
Come-and-Go hours
- B.
The Quality of Work-Life Movement
- C.
The Family First Initiative
- D.
Innovative Scheduling
Correct Answer
B. The Quality of Work-Life MovementExplanation
The Quality of Work-Life Movement refers to a trend that focuses on improving the overall well-being and satisfaction of employees in the workplace. It emphasizes the importance of work-life balance and creating a positive work environment. Andre's company's use of flextime, where employees have control over their work schedules but still have certain mandatory hours, aligns with the principles of the Quality of Work-Life Movement as it allows employees to have more control over their time and promotes a healthier work-life balance.Rate this question:
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- 20.
When comparing women's jobs with men's jobs, which of the following statements is MOST accurate?
- A.
Men's jobs tend to be less varied but higher in both status and income.
- B.
Women's jobs are concentrated in service occupations that are typically lower in status and pay
- C.
75% of all working women hold clerical jobs
- D.
The job stereotypes of the past have pretty much been eliminated
Correct Answer
B. Women's jobs are concentrated in service occupations that are typically lower in status and payExplanation
Women's jobs are concentrated in service occupations that are typically lower in status and pay. This means that women are more likely to work in jobs such as caregiving, retail, and hospitality, which are often undervalued and paid less compared to jobs in fields such as engineering or finance. This statement acknowledges the existing gender disparities in the workforce, where women are often relegated to lower-paying and lower-status positions.Rate this question:
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Nov 20, 2016Quiz Created by
Brandyherriott
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