Diabetes Type 2 Quiz

The person described in this answer has multiple risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes. Obesity and hypertension are both known risk factors for the development of the disease. Smoking has also been linked to an increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes. Additionally, working at a computer all day may indicate a sedentary lifestyle, which is another risk factor for the disease. The fact that the person is 52 years old further increases their risk, as age is also a factor in developing Type 2 Diabetes.

A fasting blood sugar level of 145 and HbA1C level of 7.8 indicate high blood sugar levels and poor glucose control, which are characteristic of type 2 diabetes. The fasting blood sugar level is above the normal range (70-100 mg/dL) and the HbA1C level is above the target range (less than 7%) for individuals with diabetes. This suggests that the individual is not effectively managing their blood sugar levels and may require intervention or adjustments to their treatment plan.

The patient's symptoms of numbness and burning in the toes and feet are indicative of peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes and is caused by damage to the nerves in the peripheral nervous system. It often presents with symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and burning sensations in the hands and feet. The fact that the patient has well-managed blood sugars and is taking glipizide and metformin suggests that the neuropathy is likely related to their diabetes.

The response indicates that the patient is not following the prescribed treatment plan properly. They are not taking their medication consistently and are not making necessary dietary changes. This indicates a lack of understanding or commitment to managing their diabetes effectively, and further education is needed to address these issues.

The patient used a 12 inch plate. This needs further evaluation because the size of the plate can affect portion control and the amount of food consumed. In diabetes management, it is important to control portion sizes to regulate blood sugar levels. Using a smaller plate, such as a 9-inch plate, can help with portion control and prevent overeating. Therefore, the patient's choice of a 12-inch plate may not be appropriate for proper plate planning in managing diabetes.

The correct answer is to get the patient orange juice and then monitor their blood sugar while they are drinking it. The patient's confusion, lethargy, and cold sweat are symptoms of hypoglycemia, which can be caused by low blood sugar levels in a patient with diabetes. Giving the patient orange juice, which contains sugar, can help raise their blood sugar levels quickly. Monitoring their blood sugar while they are drinking the orange juice will allow the nurse to assess the effectiveness of the intervention.

Blurred vision, open areas on foot that don't cause pain, and cotton mouth are common symptoms of diabetes. Blurred vision can occur due to high blood sugar levels affecting the lens of the eye. Open areas on the foot that don't cause pain can indicate poor circulation and nerve damage, which are common complications of diabetes. Cotton mouth, or dry mouth, can be a result of high blood sugar levels causing dehydration. These symptoms, along with others, should be evaluated by a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.

The nurse should instruct the patient to stop trimming his toenails and then offer further instruction on diabetic management. Diabetic patients are at a higher risk for foot complications, such as infections and poor wound healing. Trimming toenails can potentially cause injuries that can lead to infections. Therefore, it is important for the nurse to educate the patient on proper foot care and the importance of seeking professional help for nail trimming to prevent complications.

The nurse would assess the recorded blood sugars that the patient records at home to monitor their blood sugar levels. This helps in determining if the patient's diabetes is under control or if any adjustments to medication or lifestyle are needed. The nurse would also assess the patient's diet by reviewing their daily journal of food intake, as this provides information about their eating habits and helps in creating a suitable meal plan. Additionally, the nurse would assess the Hemoglobin A1C, fasting serum blood sugar, and complete lipid panel to evaluate the patient's overall diabetes management and their risk for complications.

Washing feet daily can make the tissue soft and break down easier. Keeping them clean and dry, particularly between the toes is important. Lotion feet if they are dry but avoid between the toes.