1.
Brutus & Cassius defeated at Philippi by Octavian & Antony
2.
Battle of Actium
3.
Octavian hands back all power to the senate
4.
Senate bestows title Augustus on Octavian
5.
Clades Variana and end of major Roman expansion
6.
Death of Augustus
7.
BEGINNING of Julio-Claudian Dynasty (Augustus)
Explanation
The given answer, 27 BC, corresponds to the beginning of the Julio-Claudian Dynasty, specifically during the reign of Augustus. This date marks the end of the Roman Republic and the establishment of the Roman Empire. Augustus, previously known as Octavian, became the first emperor of Rome and ruled for over 40 years. Under his leadership, Rome experienced a period of stability and prosperity, known as the Pax Romana. This marked the beginning of a new era in Roman history, characterized by the centralized power of the emperors and the expansion of the empire.
8.
END of Julio-Claudian Dynasty (Nero)
9.
Conquest of Britain
Explanation
The answer 43-74 refers to the period of time known as the Conquest of Britain. This was a significant event in history when the Roman Empire invaded and conquered Britain, beginning in the year 43 and lasting until 74. During this time, the Romans established their control over the island, bringing their culture, language, and administration to the native Celtic tribes. The conquest had a lasting impact on Britain, shaping its future development and leaving behind a legacy of Roman influence.
10.
Year of Four Emperors (Galba, Otho, Vitellius & Vespasian)
Explanation
The given answer "69" is the correct answer because it represents the Year of Four Emperors. In the year 69 AD, there were four different Roman emperors who ruled in succession - Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian. This period was marked by political instability and power struggles, as each emperor was overthrown or died in quick succession. Therefore, the answer "69" accurately reflects this historical event.
11.
BEGINNING of Flavian Dynasty (Vespasian)
12.
END of Flavian Dynasty (Domitian)
13.
BEGINNING of Adoptive Emperors (Nerva)
14.
END of Adoptive Emperors (Marcus Aurelius)
15.
Abandonment of Trajan's Eastern Conquests
16.
Year of Five Emperors (Pertinax, Julianus, Severus, Pescennius Niger & Albinus)
Explanation
In 193, there was a period known as the Year of Five Emperors, which refers to the succession of five different emperors within a short span of time. The emperors during this period were Pertinax, Julianus, Severus, Pescennius Niger, and Albinus. This year was marked by political instability and power struggles, as each emperor tried to establish and maintain their authority. It was a turbulent time in Roman history, with frequent changes in leadership and conflicts between rival claimants to the throne.
17.
BEGINNING of Severan Dynasty (Septimius Severus) to Caracalla
Explanation
The answer 193-217 represents the period of the Severan Dynasty, specifically from the beginning of Septimius Severus' reign to the reign of Caracalla. This dynasty started in 193 with Septimius Severus becoming the emperor and lasted until 217 when Caracalla was assassinated. During this time, the Severan Dynasty brought stability and military strength to the Roman Empire, but also faced internal conflicts and economic challenges.
18.
Elagabolus to END of Severan Dynasty (Severus Alexander)
Explanation
The given answer, 218-235, represents the reign of Elagabolus, who was a Roman emperor and a member of the Severan Dynasty. Elagabolus ruled from 218 to 235, which marked the end of the Severan Dynasty with the ascension of Severus Alexander to the throne. This period was characterized by political instability, military conflicts, and the decline of the Roman Empire. Elagabolus' reign was particularly controversial due to his eccentric behavior and disregard for traditional Roman customs, which ultimately led to his assassination and the subsequent rise of Severus Alexander.
19.
Crisis of the Third Century
Explanation
The given answer, 235-285, represents the time period known as the Crisis of the Third Century. This period was characterized by political instability, economic decline, and frequent changes in leadership within the Roman Empire. It was a time of widespread warfare, invasions, and internal conflicts, which led to the collapse of the centralized authority and the fragmentation of the empire. The Crisis of the Third Century had a significant impact on the social, political, and economic structures of the Roman Empire, ultimately paving the way for the rise of the Late Roman Empire.