Hum1020 Midterm Exam- You Have 1hr20mins...
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
Name and discuss the five pillars of Islam.
- 2.
Describe Plato's "allegory of the cave." What is he implying philosophically?
- 3.
What were the three major events that "set up" the conditions for the Renaissance? How did these events contribute to Renaissance economics/ideas/arts?
- 4.
Choose ONE idea, philosophy, advancement, or technology from the Paleolithic to Neolithic periods and discuss why it is so important to humanity.
- 5.
Which one of the following was NOT a technological advancement discovered during the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, or Neolithic periods?
- A.
Farming
- B.
Fire
- C.
Concrete
- D.
Domestication of Animals
Correct Answer
C. ConcreteExplanation
Concrete was not a technological advancement discovered during the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, or Neolithic periods. The invention of concrete is attributed to the ancient Romans, who developed a mixture of lime, volcanic ash, and water to create a durable building material. The Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic periods predate the Roman civilization and were characterized by the development of stone tools, the use of fire, the domestication of animals, and the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture. Concrete was not yet invented during these periods.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Ancient Greek aesthetic values include:
- A.
Philosophy, drama, music, architecture
- B.
Balance, harmony, simplicity, symmetry
- C.
Exuberance, opposition, angst, confusion
- D.
Extravagance, detail, ornamentation, idealization
Correct Answer
B. Balance, harmony, simplicity, symmetryExplanation
The correct answer is balance, harmony, simplicity, symmetry. These are considered to be the key aesthetic values in Ancient Greek culture. Greek art and architecture aimed to achieve a sense of balance and harmony in their compositions, often employing symmetry to create a pleasing visual effect. Simplicity was also highly valued, with a focus on clean lines and minimal ornamentation. These aesthetic values reflected the Greek belief in the importance of order and balance in all aspects of life.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The question-and-answer technique popularized by Socrates is called
- A.
Dialectical Method
- B.
Distributional Method
- C.
Allegory of the Cave
- D.
Discussional Method
Correct Answer
A. Dialectical MethodExplanation
The correct answer is Dialectical Method. The dialectical method is a technique used by Socrates, where he engages in a conversation with someone to probe their beliefs and assumptions, ultimately leading them to question and examine their own ideas. It involves a back-and-forth discussion that challenges and tests the validity of arguments, with the goal of arriving at a deeper understanding of the subject matter. This method is known for its emphasis on critical thinking and the pursuit of truth through logical reasoning and questioning.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following was NOT created by the Ancient Greeks?
- A.
The "Aeneid"
- B.
A mixture of realism and idealism in sculpture
- C.
The major scale (or mode)
- D.
The tragedy of "Oedipus"
Correct Answer
A. The "Aeneid"Explanation
The "Aeneid" was not created by the Ancient Greeks. It is an epic poem written by the Roman poet Virgil. The Ancient Greeks were known for their contributions to literature, philosophy, and theater, but the "Aeneid" is a work of Roman literature.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The early Roman Empire was made up of which three cultures?
- A.
Dorics, Ionians, Corinthians
- B.
Greeks, Etruscans, Phoenecians
- C.
Egyptians, Mesopotamians, and the Hellenistics
- D.
Etruscans, Minoans, Myceneans
Correct Answer
B. Greeks, Etruscans, pHoeneciansExplanation
The early Roman Empire was influenced by three main cultures: Greeks, Etruscans, and Phoenicians. The Greeks had a significant impact on Roman art, literature, and philosophy, while the Etruscans influenced Roman architecture and religion. The Phoenicians, a maritime civilization, played a role in Roman trade and commerce. These three cultures collectively contributed to shaping the early Roman Empire.Rate this question:
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- 10.
True or false: the Roman Republic was tolerant of local governments and customs
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The Roman Republic was known for its policy of allowing local governments and customs to thrive within its territories. This was done to maintain stability and ensure the loyalty of conquered regions. The Romans believed in incorporating local traditions and institutions, which helped them to effectively govern a vast empire. This tolerance of local governments and customs contributed to the longevity and success of the Roman Republic.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which of the following was a feature of the period of Pax Romana?
- A.
Adoption of Christianity as the official religion of the Empire
- B.
Rome was founded
- C.
A corrupt Republic
- D.
Numerous public works (aqueducts, fountains, roads)
Correct Answer
D. Numerous public works (aqueducts, fountains, roads)Explanation
During the period of Pax Romana, there was a significant focus on infrastructure development and public works. The construction of aqueducts, fountains, and roads was a prominent feature of this time. These public works projects were aimed at improving the quality of life for the Roman citizens and ensuring the efficient functioning of the empire. The construction of aqueducts provided a reliable water supply, while fountains beautified public spaces. The development of roads facilitated trade, communication, and the movement of the Roman army. These public works projects were a testament to the wealth, power, and stability of the Roman Empire during the Pax Romana.Rate this question:
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- 12.
True or False: The "case law" approach of the Roman Empire was unique because it did not focus on the individual--"the letter of the law is greater than the spirit of the law"
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The "case law" approach of the Roman Empire was not unique because it did not focus on the individual. In fact, the Roman legal system placed a great emphasis on the individual and their specific circumstances. The principle of "the letter of the law is greater than the spirit of the law" was not followed in Roman law, as they prioritized the intent and purpose behind the law rather than just the literal interpretation. Therefore, the given answer is false.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the following was NOT a ruler of the Roman Empire?
- A.
Julius Caesar
- B.
Alexander the Great
- C.
Octavian
- D.
Marcus Aurelius
Correct Answer
B. Alexander the GreatExplanation
Alexander the Great was not a ruler of the Roman Empire because he was the king of Macedonia and his empire, known as the Hellenistic Empire, was separate from the Roman Empire. Although Alexander's conquests greatly influenced the Roman Empire, he never ruled over it. The Roman Empire was established after the fall of the Roman Republic, and its rulers included Julius Caesar, Octavian (who became the first emperor Augustus), and Marcus Aurelius, among others.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which story offers an explanation to the question "why do good humans suffer?"
- A.
The book of Job
- B.
The gospel of Paul
- C.
The Torah
- D.
Philistine text
Correct Answer
A. The book of JobExplanation
The book of Job offers an explanation to the question "why do good humans suffer?" In the story, Job, a righteous and blameless man, suffers greatly despite his innocence. The book explores the concept of suffering and raises questions about God's justice and the nature of human suffering. Through Job's experiences and conversations with his friends, the book delves into the complexities of suffering and ultimately offers insights into the human condition and the role of suffering in the divine plan.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Christianity was forbidden prior to Constantine and the _____________ in 313CE.
- A.
Epic of Gilgamesh
- B.
Exodus of Nazareth
- C.
Nicene Creed
- D.
Edict of Milan
Correct Answer
D. Edict of MilanExplanation
The correct answer is Edict of Milan. This answer is supported by historical facts. The Edict of Milan was issued by Emperor Constantine in 313 CE, and it granted religious tolerance to Christians, effectively ending the persecution of Christians and allowing Christianity to be practiced openly. Prior to this edict, Christianity was indeed forbidden and Christians faced persecution and oppression. The other options listed in the question, such as the Epic of Gilgamesh, Exodus of Nazareth, and Nicene Creed, are not relevant to the question and do not provide a logical explanation for the statement.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following is UNTRUE about monasticism?
- A.
Their goal was to meditate enough to achieve "nirvana"
- B.
They avoided the hustle and bustle of urban environments.
- C.
They placed an importance on education and preservation of classical texts.
- D.
They compared all women to Eve and gave them no authority.
Correct Answer
A. Their goal was to meditate enough to achieve "nirvana"Explanation
Monasticism is a religious practice that involves living in a monastery or a secluded community. The goal of monasticism is not to achieve "nirvana," but rather to pursue spiritual growth and enlightenment through prayer, contemplation, and self-discipline. While meditation is often a part of monastic life, it is not the sole focus or goal. Monastics do avoid the hustle and bustle of urban environments, as they seek solitude and simplicity. They also place a high importance on education and the preservation of classical texts, as they value intellectual and spiritual development. However, there is no evidence to suggest that monastics compare all women to Eve and deny them authority.Rate this question:
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- 17.
True or False: The Hadith are the revelations that came to Muhammad and were memorized and recorded by his followers.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The Hadith are indeed the revelations that came to Muhammad and were memorized and recorded by his followers. They consist of the sayings, actions, and approvals of Prophet Muhammad and provide guidance for Muslims on various aspects of life. These teachings were passed down through generations and compiled into collections by scholars. The Hadith serve as an important source of Islamic law and ethics, alongside the Quran.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The numerous military expeditions to the Holy Land by Christians between 1095~1291 is referred to as:
- A.
Troubadours
- B.
Norman Conquest
- C.
Jihad
- D.
The Crusades
Correct Answer
D. The CrusadesExplanation
The correct answer is "The Crusades." The term "The Crusades" refers to the series of military expeditions that took place between 1095 and 1291, in which Christians from Europe traveled to the Holy Land in an attempt to reclaim it from Muslim control. These expeditions were motivated by religious, political, and economic factors, and had a significant impact on both Europe and the Middle East.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Gregorian Chant, a type of religious song from the early Medieval period, INCLUDES which of the following elements?
- A.
Polyphonic voices singing
- B.
Monophonic voices singing
- C.
A small instrumental ensemble
- D.
A strict rhythm
Correct Answer
B. MonopHonic voices singingExplanation
Gregorian Chant, a type of religious song from the early Medieval period, includes monophonic voices singing. This means that the chant is performed by a single voice or a group of voices singing in unison, without any harmonies or accompanying instruments. The focus is on the melodic line and the words being sung, creating a simple and pure sound that is often associated with spiritual and contemplative music.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The first novel, which was written by Murasaki Shikibu around 1004, explored which of the following cultures?
- A.
Qin dynasty lords
- B.
Japanese aristocrats
- C.
Chinese royal courts
- D.
The Mongolian wars
Correct Answer
B. Japanese aristocratsExplanation
The correct answer is Japanese aristocrats. The question asks about the culture explored in the first novel written by Murasaki Shikibu around 1004. Murasaki Shikibu was a Japanese author and her most famous work, "The Tale of Genji," is considered the world's first novel. It delves into the lives and experiences of Japanese aristocrats during the Heian period, providing insights into their culture, customs, and relationships.Rate this question:
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- 21.
During the Carolingian Renaissance Charlemagne hoped to spread, record, and preserve classical texts. Who did he put in charge to oversee this educational program?
- A.
Monks
- B.
No one, Charlemagne himself did it
- C.
Knights
- D.
Female tutors
Correct Answer
A. MonksExplanation
Charlemagne put monks in charge to oversee the educational program during the Carolingian Renaissance. Monks were chosen for their dedication to learning and their ability to copy and preserve classical texts. They played a crucial role in spreading knowledge and ensuring the preservation of important works from the classical period.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which of the following is NOT one of the 7 sacraments in Christianity?
- A.
Extreme unction
- B.
Baptism
- C.
Engagement
- D.
Confirmation
Correct Answer
C. EngagementExplanation
Engagement is not considered one of the seven sacraments in Christianity. The seven sacraments recognized by most Christian denominations are Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Reconciliation, Anointing of the Sick, Holy Orders, and Matrimony. Engagement, which refers to the formal agreement to marry, is not considered a sacrament in Christian theology. While marriage is considered a sacrament, the engagement period itself is not typically regarded as a religious sacrament.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Mysticism can be described as which of the following?
- A.
Seeking truths beyond human understanding by meditation or deep thought.
- B.
The belief that only supernatural experiences are valuable
- C.
A focus on earthly things and mutable information
- D.
Total rejection of earthly possessions and emotional connections
Correct Answer
A. Seeking truths beyond human understanding by meditation or deep thought.Explanation
Mysticism can be described as seeking truths beyond human understanding by meditation or deep thought. This definition aligns with the concept of mysticism as a spiritual practice that involves exploring and experiencing a deeper reality or higher truth through introspection, contemplation, and connection with the divine. It emphasizes the idea of going beyond the limitations of human comprehension and seeking a deeper understanding of the universe and one's place in it.Rate this question:
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- 24.
In Dante's "Divine Comedy," which sinners does he believe deserve the worst punishment?
- A.
Flatterers
- B.
Traitors
- C.
Thieves
- D.
Murderers
Correct Answer
B. TraitorsExplanation
In Dante's "Divine Comedy," he believes that traitors deserve the worst punishment. This can be seen in the ninth and final circle of Hell, where traitors are frozen in a lake of ice called Cocytus. Dante views betrayal as the ultimate sin, as it involves a violation of trust and loyalty. He considers traitors to be the most despicable and deserving of the harshest retribution in the afterlife.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which of the following is NOT a subject in the basic curriculum taught in Medieval Universities?
- A.
Politics
- B.
Astronomy
- C.
Logic
- D.
Music
Correct Answer
A. PoliticsExplanation
Medieval universities primarily focused on subjects related to theology, philosophy, and the liberal arts. Politics, on the other hand, was not a subject commonly taught in medieval universities. The curriculum in medieval universities was heavily influenced by the Catholic Church, and political studies were not considered essential for the education of clergy or scholars during that time. Therefore, politics is the correct answer as it was not a subject included in the basic curriculum taught in medieval universities.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Gothic cathedrals DID NOT use which of the following architectural elements?
- A.
Shorter and more ornamented spires
- B.
Flying Buttresses
- C.
Pointed Arches
- D.
Extremely vibrant and colorful stained glass
Correct Answer
A. Shorter and more ornamented spiresExplanation
Gothic cathedrals did not use shorter and more ornamented spires. Gothic architecture is characterized by tall and slender spires that reach towards the heavens. These spires were designed to create a sense of verticality and to draw the eye upwards. They were often decorated with intricate details and sculptures, but the emphasis was on height rather than ornamentation. This architectural style also incorporated flying buttresses, pointed arches, and extremely vibrant and colorful stained glass to achieve its distinctive look.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The medieval motet included which of the following musical attributes?
- A.
Monophonic singing
- B.
An inclusion of secular lyrics
- C.
Female singers
- D.
Polyphonic singing
Correct Answer
D. PolypHonic singingExplanation
The medieval motet included polyphonic singing, which means that multiple voices or melodic lines were sung simultaneously. This was a distinctive feature of the motet genre, as it allowed for complex harmonies and interactions between the different voices. Monophonic singing refers to a single melodic line, which was not characteristic of the motet. While the inclusion of secular lyrics was common in the motet, it was not a defining attribute. The presence of female singers was not specifically mentioned as a requirement for the motet. Therefore, the correct answer is polyphonic singing.Rate this question:
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- 28.
The Qin dynasty (221-210 BCE) standardized all of the following EXCEPT which one?
- A.
System of weights and measures
- B.
Military formations
- C.
Axle width
- D.
Coinage
Correct Answer
B. Military formationsExplanation
The Qin dynasty standardized various aspects of Chinese society, including the system of weights and measures, axle width, and coinage. However, they did not standardize military formations. This means that different regions and armies within the Qin dynasty may have used different formations and tactics in warfare.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Which of the following is NOT part of the Renaissance spirit?
- A.
Imperial expansion and nationalism
- B.
Curiosity and a thirst for knowledge
- C.
A revival of ancient Greek and Roman values
- D.
Self-conscious individualism
Correct Answer
A. Imperial expansion and nationalismExplanation
During the Renaissance, there was a strong focus on humanism, arts, and intellectual pursuits. The Renaissance spirit emphasized curiosity, a thirst for knowledge, and a revival of ancient Greek and Roman values. Self-conscious individualism was also a key aspect, as individuals sought to express their unique identities and talents. However, imperial expansion and nationalism were not central to the Renaissance spirit. Instead, the Renaissance was more focused on individual achievement and cultural development rather than political and territorial expansion.Rate this question:
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- 30.
In England, the Magna Carta ensured which important human right?
- A.
Voting for women
- B.
Abolition of slavery
- C.
Trial by jury
- D.
Protection of private property
Correct Answer
C. Trial by juryExplanation
The Magna Carta, signed in England in 1215, ensured the important human right of trial by jury. This meant that individuals accused of a crime had the right to be judged by a group of their peers, rather than being subject to the arbitrary decisions of a single ruler or authority. The Magna Carta laid the foundation for the legal system and the principle of due process, ensuring that individuals had the right to a fair trial and protection against unjust imprisonment or punishment.Rate this question:
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- 31.
True or False: the Catholic church would accept money in exchange for forgiveness of sins.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
During the medieval period, the Catholic church practiced the sale of indulgences, which were essentially certificates that granted forgiveness for sins. These indulgences were often obtained through monetary donations to the church. While the practice of selling indulgences has been largely abolished, it is historically accurate to say that the Catholic church did accept money in exchange for forgiveness of sins.Rate this question:
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