Physiology Mock Exam: Quiz! MCQ
The human body is filled with a lot of impressive an unbelievable organ that make us who we are and are somehow interrelated. Are you about to sit for your Ammar physiology exam and are looking for a way to refresh your understanding on the topic? The quiz below will help you with that. Why don’t you give it a shot?
- 1.
The last human instinct activated during the life of human is:
- A.
Maternity
- B.
Food
- C.
Sex
- D.
Two answers are correct
Correct Answer
A. MaternityExplanation
The last human instinct activated during the life of a human is maternity. This refers to the instinctual desire and ability to care for and protect one's offspring. While food and sex are also basic instincts, they can be present throughout a person's life. However, maternity specifically pertains to the instinctual behavior related to reproduction and nurturing of offspring, which typically occurs later in life during the childbearing years.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of the following systems is NOT directly involved in maintaining homeostasis?
- A.
Renal system.
- B.
Immune system.
- C.
Circulatory system.
- D.
Respiratory system.
Correct Answer
B. Immune system.Explanation
The immune system is not directly involved in maintaining homeostasis. While it plays a crucial role in defending the body against pathogens and foreign substances, its primary function is to protect the body from infections and diseases. Homeostasis, on the other hand, refers to the body's ability to regulate and maintain a stable internal environment, such as body temperature, pH levels, and fluid balance. The renal system helps regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, the circulatory system transports nutrients and oxygen, and the respiratory system regulates oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the body, all of which are directly involved in maintaining homeostasis.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Sweating initiated in responses to a rise in body temperature that occurs on exposure to a hot environment, evaporation of the sweat cools the body. If environmental temperature rise 17 cc and the gain is 33, so body temperature will be:
- A.
Normal +0.5.
- B.
Normal +1
- C.
Normal -1
- D.
Normal -0.5.
Correct Answer
A. Normal +0.5.Explanation
When the body is exposed to a hot environment, the rise in environmental temperature causes an increase in body temperature. In response to this, the body initiates sweating to cool itself down. The evaporation of sweat from the skin helps to lower the body temperature. The question states that the environmental temperature rises by 17 cc and the gain is 33. This means that the body temperature will increase by 33 cc. Therefore, the correct answer is "Normal +0.5", indicating that the body temperature will be the normal temperature plus 0.5 cc.Rate this question:
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- 4.
If two control systems, have gain of 4 and 3 respectively then which of the following is correct:
- A.
First system correction is better than the second system.
- B.
Second system correction is better than first system correction
- C.
First system error is higher than second system error
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. First system correction is better than the second system.Explanation
The gain of a control system represents the amplification or attenuation of the input signal. In this case, the first system has a higher gain of 4 compared to the second system's gain of 3. A higher gain means that the first system can amplify the input signal more effectively, resulting in a better correction of errors. Therefore, the correct answer is that the first system correction is better than the second system.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The rate of O2 diffusion across a cell membrane could be increased by increasing the:
- A.
Concentration gradient (difference in concentration) across the membrane.
- B.
Plasma membrane thickness.
- C.
Amount of ATP.
- D.
Number of carrier proteins in the plasma membrane.
Correct Answer
A. Concentration gradient (difference in concentration) across the membrane.Explanation
Increasing the concentration gradient across the membrane would increase the rate of O2 diffusion because a higher concentration difference would create a steeper gradient for O2 molecules to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. This would increase the driving force for diffusion and therefore increase the rate of O2 movement across the cell membrane.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Facilitated diffusion:
- A.
Saturate at high solute concentration.
- B.
Active diffusion.
- C.
Rate of diffusion is dependent on concentration gradient only.
- D.
Na+/K+ pump is an example.
Correct Answer
A. Saturate at high solute concentration.Explanation
Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport where molecules move across a cell membrane with the help of specific transport proteins. This process does not require energy expenditure by the cell. The given answer, "Saturate at high solute concentration," is correct because facilitated diffusion can become saturated when the concentration of solute molecules is high. At high concentrations, all the transport proteins may be occupied, and the rate of diffusion will no longer increase even if the concentration gradient is further increased.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Blood analysis showed that a hematocrit is 40٪ assume that the plasma volume is 3000 the blood volume of the patient is in liters is :
- A.
3
- B.
6
- C.
5
- D.
5.5
Correct Answer
C. 5Explanation
The hematocrit is a measure of the volume percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume. In this case, the hematocrit is given as 40%. Assuming that the plasma volume is 3000, we can calculate the blood volume by dividing the plasma volume by (100 - hematocrit). So, the blood volume would be 3000 / (100 - 40) = 5000. Therefore, the blood volume of the patient is 5 liters.Rate this question:
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- 8.
All of the following creatures have maternity instinct except :
- A.
Humans
- B.
Birds
- C.
Pigs
- D.
Turtles
Correct Answer
D. TurtlesExplanation
Turtles do not have maternity instinct because they do not exhibit parental care towards their offspring. Unlike humans, birds, and pigs, turtles do not build nests, incubate their eggs, or provide any form of protection or care for their young. Instead, they lay their eggs in a hole in the sand and leave them to hatch and fend for themselves. This lack of maternal instinct sets turtles apart from the other creatures listed.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The molarity of a 4% solution of NaCI is 680 mmol/L. The molecular weight of NaCI is 58.5. What is the osmolarity of a 2% solution of NaCI (in mOsm/L)?
- A.
680
- B.
340
- C.
1360
- D.
300
Correct Answer
A. 680Explanation
The osmolarity of a solution is determined by the number of particles present in the solution. In this case, the molarity of the 4% solution of NaCI is given as 680 mmol/L. Since NaCI dissociates into one Na+ ion and one Cl- ion, the number of particles in the solution is twice the molarity. Therefore, the osmolarity of the 4% solution is 680 x 2 = 1360 mOsm/L. Since the osmolarity is directly proportional to the molarity, the osmolarity of the 2% solution of NaCI will also be 680 mOsm/L.Rate this question:
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- 10.
A patient weighs 50 kg and has a fluid distribution and osmolarity that are normal (i.e. total body fluid is 60 % of body weight, & ICS is 40% of body weight, total osmotic content is 9000 mosmolar). This individual's osmolarity of body fluid would be:
- A.
250
- B.
600
- C.
150
- D.
300
Correct Answer
D. 300Explanation
Based on the given information, the patient's total body fluid is 60% of their body weight, which is 50 kg. Therefore, the total body fluid is 30 kg (50 kg x 0.60 = 30 kg). The intracellular fluid (ICS) is 40% of the body weight, which is 20 kg (50 kg x 0.40 = 20 kg). The remaining 10 kg is the extracellular fluid (ECF).
The total osmotic content is given as 9000 mosmolar. Since the osmolarity is the total osmotic content divided by the total body fluid, we can calculate it as follows:
Osmolarity = Total osmotic content / Total body fluid
Osmolarity = 9000 mosmolar / 30 kg
Osmolarity = 300 mosmolar
Therefore, the individual's osmolarity of body fluid would be 300 mosmolar.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Cell volume:
- A.
Will decrease when active Na-K transport is inhibited  
- B.
Will increase when active Na-K transport is inhibited  
- C.
Nothing will happen when Na-K transport is inhibited 
- D.
Non of the above
Correct Answer
B. Will increase when active Na-K transport is inhibited  Explanation
When active Na-K transport is inhibited, the cell volume will increase. This is because the Na-K pump plays a crucial role in maintaining cell volume by actively transporting Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell. When this transport is inhibited, the intracellular concentration of Na+ increases, causing an influx of water into the cell through osmosis. This influx of water leads to an increase in cell volume.Rate this question:
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- 12.
A man drinks 2L of iso-tonic fluid these two liters will cause:
- A.
Decrease in ECF volume
- B.
Increase in ECF volume
- C.
Increase in ICF volume
- D.
Decrease in ICF volume
Correct Answer
B. Increase in ECF volumeExplanation
When a person drinks 2L of iso-tonic fluid, it will cause an increase in extracellular fluid (ECF) volume. Iso-tonic fluid has the same concentration of solutes as the body's fluids, so when it is consumed, it is readily absorbed into the bloodstream. This leads to an increase in the volume of the ECF, which includes the fluid found outside the cells in the body. The increase in ECF volume helps to maintain proper hydration and balance electrolyte levels in the body.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Extrusion of big materials to the exterior of the cell through the plasma membrane is called:
- A.
Exocytosis
- B.
Endocytosis
- C.
Pinocytosis
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
A. ExocytosisExplanation
Exocytosis is the correct answer because it refers to the process of big materials being expelled from the cell by fusing vesicles with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the exterior. Endocytosis, on the other hand, is the process of taking in materials into the cell by engulfing them with the plasma membrane. Pinocytosis is a type of endocytosis that involves the cell taking in fluids and dissolved substances. Therefore, only exocytosis involves the extrusion of big materials to the exterior of the cell through the plasma membrane.Rate this question:
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- 14.
When you measured the efficiency of Negative feedback of one of the control systems, you got that the control system corrects 90% of the changes, that means the gain equals:
- A.
10/1
- B.
20/2
- C.
27/3
- D.
2 answers are correct
Correct Answer
C. 27/3Explanation
The gain of a control system can be calculated by dividing the output by the input. In this case, since the control system corrects 90% of the changes, it means that the output is 90% of the input. Therefore, the gain can be expressed as 0.9/1. Simplifying this fraction gives us 27/3.Rate this question:
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- 15.
If there is an increase in the neutrophils , this means the body has:
- A.
Bacterial infection
- B.
Parasitic infection
- C.
Allergy
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
A. Bacterial infectionExplanation
An increase in neutrophils is typically indicative of a bacterial infection. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the body's immune response to bacterial infections. When bacteria invade the body, neutrophils are recruited to the site of infection to help eliminate the bacteria. Therefore, an increase in neutrophils suggests that the body is actively fighting off a bacterial infection.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The life span of RBCs is:
- A.
120 days
- B.
Hours
- C.
120 hours
- D.
80 days
Correct Answer
A. 120 daysExplanation
RBCs, or red blood cells, have a lifespan of approximately 120 days. These cells play a crucial role in transporting oxygen to various parts of the body. Over time, RBCs become damaged and less efficient, and are eventually removed from circulation by the spleen. The body constantly produces new RBCs to replace the old ones, maintaining a healthy balance. Therefore, the correct answer is 120 days.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of the following statements is incorrect :
- A.
Vitamin B12 deficiency will lead to megaloblastic anemia.
- B.
Folic acid deficiency will lead to megaloblastic anaemia
- C.
Iron deficiency will lead to macrocytic anemia
- D.
All are correct
Correct Answer
C. Iron deficiency will lead to macrocytic anemiaExplanation
Iron deficiency does not lead to macrocytic anemia. Macrocytic anemia is characterized by larger than normal red blood cells, whereas iron deficiency anemia is characterized by smaller than normal red blood cells. Iron deficiency anemia leads to microcytic anemia.Rate this question:
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- 18.
All of the following proteins are produced in the liver except :
- A.
Albumin
- B.
Fibrinogen
- C.
Alpha globulin
- D.
Gamma globulin
Correct Answer
D. Gamma globulinExplanation
Gamma globulin is not produced in the liver. It is a type of immunoglobulin that is produced by plasma cells in the lymph nodes and spleen. Albumin, fibrinogen, and alpha globulin are all proteins that are produced in the liver. Albumin is the most abundant protein in the blood and helps maintain osmotic pressure. Fibrinogen is involved in blood clotting, and alpha globulin is involved in transporting lipids and hormones.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Serum is :
- A.
Normal plasma.
- B.
Plasma with low O2 pressure
- C.
Plasma with low fibrinogen and coagulation factors concentration.
- D.
Plasma with low albumin.
Correct Answer
C. Plasma with low fibrinogen and coagulation factors concentration.Explanation
Serum is the component of blood that remains after the blood has clotted and the clot has been removed. It is similar to plasma, but it lacks fibrinogen and other coagulation factors. This means that serum does not have the ability to clot. Therefore, the correct answer is "Plasma with low fibrinogen and coagulation factors concentration."Rate this question:
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- 20.
When k+ channels open............ Happens:
- A.
Action potential
- B.
Depolarization
- C.
Repolarization
- D.
Resting membrane potential
Correct Answer
C. RepolarizationExplanation
When k+ channels open, repolarization occurs. Repolarization is the phase of an action potential where the membrane potential returns to its resting state after depolarization. This is achieved by the efflux of potassium ions (K+) out of the cell, which helps restore the negative charge inside the cell and bring the membrane potential back to its resting level. Repolarization is essential for allowing the cell to recover and be ready for the next action potential.Rate this question:
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- 21.
If membrane potential changed from +30 Mv to -120 Mv (resting membrane potential = -90 Mv) we will have:
- A.
Repolarization
- B.
Depolarization
- C.
Action potential
- D.
Hyperpolrization
Correct Answer
D. HyperpolrizationExplanation
When the membrane potential changes from +30 mV to -120 mV, it goes beyond the resting membrane potential of -90 mV, indicating hyperpolarization. Hyperpolarization occurs when the membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential, making it less likely for an action potential to be generated.Rate this question:
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- 22.
- Which of the following ions will increase inside the skeletal muscles during contraction:
- A.
Na+
- B.
K+
- C.
Ca+2
- D.
Cl-
Correct Answer
C. Ca+2Explanation
During muscle contraction, calcium ions (Ca+2) increase inside the skeletal muscles. Calcium ions play a crucial role in muscle contraction by binding to the regulatory proteins troponin and tropomyosin, causing a conformational change that allows actin and myosin to interact and generate force. This interaction leads to the sliding of actin and myosin filaments, resulting in muscle contraction. Therefore, an increase in calcium ions inside the skeletal muscles is necessary for the initiation and regulation of muscle contraction.Rate this question:
- 23.
Which of the following neurotransmitter will be released at the neuromuscular junction:
- A.
Acetylcholine
- B.
Glutamate
- C.
Adrenaline
- D.
Nor-adrenaline
Correct Answer
A. AcetylcholineExplanation
Acetylcholine is the correct answer because it is the primary neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction. When a nerve impulse reaches the neuromuscular junction, acetylcholine is released from the presynaptic neuron and binds to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle cell. This binding triggers a series of events that ultimately lead to muscle contraction. Glutamate, adrenaline, and nor-adrenaline are neurotransmitters involved in other functions in the nervous system, but they are not typically released at the neuromuscular junction.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Which of the following is not a step in the neuromuscular transmission :
- A.
Calcium ions influx to the Presynaptic neuron.
- B.
Neurotransmitter release to the synaptic cleft.
- C.
Increase Na-K pump activity.
- D.
Release of calcium ions from sarcoplasmic reticulum to sarcoplasm.
Correct Answer
C. Increase Na-K pump activity.Explanation
The neuromuscular transmission is the process by which a signal is transmitted from a motor neuron to a muscle fiber. It involves several steps, including the influx of calcium ions into the presynaptic neuron, the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, and the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcoplasm. However, the increase in Na-K pump activity is not a step in the neuromuscular transmission process. The Na-K pump is responsible for maintaining the concentration gradients of sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane, but it does not directly play a role in the transmission of signals between neurons and muscle fibers.Rate this question:
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- 25.
When a stimulate is applied to a nerve cell it :
- A.
Open sodium voltage channels.
- B.
Activates calcium inward current .
- C.
Change the membrane permeability to ions.
- D.
Opens chloride voltage influx.
Correct Answer
C. Change the membrane permeability to ions.Explanation
When a stimulus is applied to a nerve cell, it causes a change in the membrane permeability to ions. This means that the cell's membrane becomes more permeable to ions, allowing them to flow in and out of the cell more easily. This change in ion permeability is crucial for generating electrical signals in the nerve cell and transmitting information. It allows ions such as sodium, potassium, and calcium to move across the membrane, which is essential for the proper functioning of the nerve cell.Rate this question:
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- 26.
All of the following factors play a role in the genesis of resting membrane potential except:
- A.
Na-Ca exchange which is 4:3
- B.
Selectivity of cell membrane
- C.
Na-K exchange which is 3:2
- D.
Permeability of cell membrane to K+
Correct Answer
A. Na-Ca exchange which is 4:3Explanation
The resting membrane potential is the electrical potential difference across the cell membrane when the cell is at rest. It is primarily determined by the balance between the Na-K exchange and the permeability of the cell membrane to K+. The Na-K exchange works to maintain the concentration gradients of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane, while the permeability of the cell membrane to K+ allows for the movement of potassium ions out of the cell. The selectivity of the cell membrane also plays a role in determining the resting membrane potential by allowing certain ions to pass through more easily than others. However, the Na-Ca exchange, which is mentioned as the correct answer, does not play a direct role in the genesis of resting membrane potential.Rate this question:
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- 27.
A signal at inhibitory synapses:
- A.
Increase the Na+ gates.
- B.
Increase K+ gates.
- C.
Decrease the threshold level.
- D.
Increase Ca+2 inward current.
Correct Answer
B. Increase K+ gates.Explanation
At inhibitory synapses, the opening of K+ gates is increased. This allows more K+ ions to leave the cell, leading to hyperpolarization. Hyperpolarization makes it more difficult for the neuron to reach the threshold level required to generate an action potential, effectively inhibiting the transmission of the signal. Increasing the K+ gates helps to maintain the inhibitory effect and prevent the generation of an action potential.Rate this question:
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- 28.
RBC precursor that will be released from bone marrow is called:
- A.
Pre Erythroblast
- B.
Myleocytes
- C.
Reticulocytes
- D.
Erythroblast
Correct Answer
C. ReticulocytesExplanation
Reticulocytes are the correct answer because they are the immature red blood cells that are released from the bone marrow into the bloodstream. These cells still contain some remnants of ribosomes, giving them a reticulated or "net-like" appearance when viewed under a microscope. As they mature, these ribosomes are lost, and the reticulocytes develop into fully functional erythrocytes or red blood cells. Therefore, reticulocytes are the precursor cells that will eventually become mature red blood cells.Rate this question:
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- 29.
A blood pH of 7.2 is:
- A.
Indicative of acidosis.
- B.
It is normal pH.
- C.
Indicative of alkalosis.
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Indicative of acidosis.Explanation
A blood pH of 7.2 is indicative of acidosis because a normal blood pH range is 7.35-7.45. A pH of 7.2 is lower than the normal range, indicating an excess of acid in the blood. Acidosis can occur due to various reasons such as respiratory or metabolic disorders, kidney dysfunction, or excessive production of acids in the body. It is important to identify and treat acidosis to restore the acid-base balance in the body.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which of these isn’t a case of good positive feedback ?
- A.
A- blood clotting
- B.
Child birth
- C.
Generation action potential
- D.
Bleeding
Correct Answer
D. BleedingExplanation
Bleeding is not a case of good positive feedback because it involves the loss of blood from the body, which is not beneficial. Positive feedback typically refers to a process that amplifies or reinforces a certain response or action, leading to a desired outcome. In the case of bleeding, it is a negative event that needs to be stopped or controlled, rather than being reinforced or amplified.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Mar 08, 2017Quiz Created by
Ammar_12_Ammar
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