Paediatrics Practice Questions Mock Test 1

Approximately 90 percent of infants with facial port wine stains do not have an intracranial lesion and would be expected to develop normally. However, Sturge weber syndrome cannot be ruled out by a normal brain MRI in the first few months of life. Given these data, and the need to sedate infants for MRI, it is reasonable to perform imaging in infancy only if specific ocular and neurologic abnormalities (glaucoma, seizures, or hemiparesis) are present.Children with SWS typically develop normally for several months after birth, then manifest developmental delay. However, the course of cognitive change in children with SWS is highly variable, including both increases and decreases in intelligence quotient (IQ) over time

erythema multiforme represents eruption of the skin with or without mucosal involvement. The papules evolve into pathognomonic target or iris lesions that appear within a 72-hour period and begin on the extremities (see the following image). Lesions remain in a fixed location for at least 7 days and then begin to heal.Associated with herpes , ebstein bar virus , steven johnson syndrome

A systematic review of studies comparing tonsillectomy with watchful waiting for children with mild to moderate recur­rent throat infections concluded that tonsillectomy provided a modest reduction in number of throat infections and health care utilization in the first postsurgical year, but little to no long-term difference in these outcomes or quality of life . Tonsillectomy is an option for children who are severely affected (ie, ≥7 episodes in one year, ≥5 episodes in each of two years, or ≥3 episodes in each of three years), although watchful waiting is a reasonable alternative. The decision should be made on a case-by-case basis after weighing the risks and benefits in the individual child, and the values and preferences of the family and child.

Metatarsus adductus is the most common congenital foot deformity. It is characterized by medial deviation (adduction) of the forefoot while the hindfoot remains in a normal position, thus forming a "C" shape, or concavity of the medial aspect of the foot.

Encephalocele is the most likely diagnosis for a baby boy born with the given findings. Encephalocele refers to a rare congenital disorder where a portion of the brain protrudes through an opening in the skull. This condition is often visible as a sac-like protrusion on the baby's head. It occurs due to a failure in the neural tube closure during fetal development. Meningocele and myelomeningocele are also related conditions involving the protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord, respectively. However, encephalocele specifically involves the brain tissue. Anencephaly is a severe neural tube defect where a large portion of the brain and skull are missing. Subgleal hemorrhage refers to bleeding beneath the scalp and is unrelated to the given findings.

The American Academy of Pediatrics has released updated guidelines for evaluation and referral of infants with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Changes from the previous guidelines include the option for infants with a reduced femoral head that is dislocatable or subluxatable (ie, a positive Barlow test) to be followed with serial physical examinations by the primary care clinician rather than an orthopedic surgeon. The update also included breech presentation as a risk factor for male as well as female infants and clarified that breech presentation refers to breech position during the third trimester, whether or not the infant was delivered by cesarean section