1.
מה הם ערכי הנורמה של כדוריות הדם האדומות אצל גברים
Correct Answer
A. 4.20-5.60
2.
מה לא סיבה לעלייה במספר כדוריות דם אדומות
Correct Answer
A. פעילות יתר של הטחול
Explanation
An increase in the number of red blood cells can be caused by excessive activity of the bone marrow, which is responsible for producing these cells. This can occur in response to conditions such as chronic hypoxia (low oxygen levels) or certain diseases that stimulate the production of red blood cells. The other options listed, such as dehydration, smoking, and mountain climbing, do not directly stimulate the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. Therefore, they are not reasons for an increase in the number of red blood cells.
3.
?מה לא סיבה לירידה במספר כדוריות הדם האדומות
Correct Answer
A. מחלות ריאה חסימתיות COPD
Explanation
מחלות ריאה חסימתיות COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) יכולות לגרום לירידה במספר כדוריות הדם האדומות. COPD היא קבוצה של מחלות ריאה כרוניות הכוללות אמפיזימה, דלקת ריאות כרונית ושְׁטִיפַּת ריאות כרונית. המחלות הללו יכולות לגרום לתסמינים כמו קושי בנשימה, חולשה וכאבים בחזה. במקרים מתקדמים, החמצון יכול לגרום לירידה בספיקת הלב ולהשפיע על יכולת הגוף לייצר כדוריות דם אדומות במספר תקין.
4.
?המוגלובין תקין אצל גבר הוא
Correct Answer
B. g/dL 15
Explanation
This question is asking for the correct hemoglobin level in grams per deciliter (g/dL) for a male. The correct answer is g/dL 15. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. The normal range for hemoglobin in adult males is typically between 13.5 and 17.5 g/dL. Therefore, a hemoglobin level of g/dL 15 falls within the normal range for a male.
5.
מה סיבה לעלילה בערכי ההמוגלובין
Correct Answer
A. חוסר חמצן כרוני ברקמות הגוף
Explanation
The correct answer is "חוסר חמצן כרוני ברקמות הגוף" (chronic oxygen deficiency in body tissues). This is the most likely explanation for the occurrence of hemoglobinopathy, as hemoglobin is responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. A chronic lack of oxygen in the tissues can lead to abnormalities in the structure or function of hemoglobin, resulting in hemoglobinopathy.
6.
לאדם נמצא כי המטוקריט נמוך לפיכך ניתן לדעת כי
Correct Answer
A. המוגלובין שלו נמוך
Explanation
The correct answer is "המוגלובין שלו נמוך" which means "His hemoglobin is low". This can be inferred from the statement that "לאדם נמצא כי המטוקריט נמוך" which means "It is found that the hematocrit is low". Since hemoglobin and hematocrit are related and low hematocrit indicates low levels of red blood cells, it can be concluded that the person's hemoglobin is low.
7.
מה הערך התקין של כדוריות דם לבנות
Correct Answer
A. 4,000-11,000
Explanation
The correct answer is 4,000-11,000. This range represents the normal count of white blood cells (WBCs) in the body. White blood cells play a crucial role in the immune system, helping to fight off infections and diseases. A count below 4,000 may indicate a weakened immune system, while a count above 11,000 may suggest an infection or inflammation. Therefore, the range of 4,000-11,000 is considered the normal and healthy range for white blood cell count.
8.
מזה לויקופניה
Correct Answer
A. ירידה במספר כדוריות הדם הלבנות
9.
לויקוציטוזיס היא
Correct Answer
A. עלייה במספר כדוריות הדם הלבנות
Explanation
The correct answer is "עלייה במספר כדוריות הדם הלבנות" (an increase in the number of white blood cells). This answer is supported by the term "לויקוציטוזיס" which refers to an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells.
10.
מה יגרום לויקוציטוזיס
Correct Answer
A. זיהום
11.
מה הערך התקין של טסיות דם /טרומבוציטים
Correct Answer
A. 150,000-450,000
Explanation
The correct answer is 150,000-450,000. This range represents the normal value for platelets or thrombocytes in the blood. Platelets are important for blood clotting, and having too few or too many can indicate certain medical conditions. Therefore, a range of 150,000-450,000 is considered within the normal range for platelet count.
12.
מתחת לאיזה ערך של טסיות דם/טרמובציטים יתחיל אדם לדמם לזמן ארוך
Correct Answer
A. 50,000
Explanation
An individual will begin to bleed for a long time when the blood platelet count drops below 50,000.
13.
ירידה במספר הטסיות דם/טרומבוצטים מתחת ל20,000-30,000 תגרום ל
Correct Answer
A. דימומים ספונטניים/ללא סיבה
Explanation
A decrease in the number of platelets/thrombocytes below 20,000-30,000 will cause spontaneous/without reason bleeding.
14.
טרומבוציטוזיס תגרום ל
Correct Answer
A. סכנה להיווצרות קרישי דם בלב ובמוח
Explanation
Thrombocytosis is a condition characterized by an excessive production of platelets in the blood. The increased number of platelets can lead to the formation of blood clots, which can be dangerous if they occur in the heart or brain. This can result in conditions such as heart attack or stroke. Therefore, thrombocytosis can indeed pose a risk for the formation of blood clots in the heart and brain.
15.
איזה בדיקה צריך לבצע אדם שרוצה לבדוק את תפקוד של מערכת הקרישה בדם
Correct Answer
A. בדיקה המוטלוגית
Explanation
The correct answer is "בדיקה המוטלוגית" (Hematological test). This type of test is used to evaluate the function of the blood coagulation system. It involves analyzing the components of the blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, as well as measuring clotting factors and other parameters related to blood clotting. This test helps in diagnosing and monitoring various blood disorders, such as clotting disorders, anemia, and infections.
16.
זמן תרומובופלסטין חלקי aPTT תקין הוא
Correct Answer
A. 25-35 שניות
Explanation
The correct answer is 25-35 seconds.
17.
זמן פרותרומבין PT תקין הוא?
Correct Answer
A. 11-14 שניות
Explanation
The correct answer is 11-14 seconds.
18.
מ הערך התקין של INR לאדם בריא
Correct Answer
A. 0.8 - 1.2
Explanation
The correct answer is 0.8 - 1.2. INR (International Normalized Ratio) is a measurement used to monitor the effectiveness of blood-thinning medications. In a healthy individual, the normal range for INR is between 0.8 and 1.2. This range indicates that the blood is clotting within the expected parameters. If the INR value is higher or lower than this range, it may indicate a risk of bleeding or clotting, respectively. Regular monitoring of INR levels is crucial for individuals taking blood-thinning medications to ensure they are receiving the correct dosage.
19.
בדיקת גזים נלקחת מ
Correct Answer
A. עורק ווריד
20.
?כדי לאבחן הפרעות במאזן חומצה/בסיס איזה בדיקה נעשה
Correct Answer
A. בדיקה גזים בדם
Explanation
In order to diagnose acid-base disorders, a blood gas analysis is performed. This test measures the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH in the blood, providing information about the acid-base balance. By analyzing the levels of these gases, medical professionals can determine if there is an imbalance in the body's acid-base status, such as respiratory acidosis or metabolic alkalosis. Therefore, a blood gas analysis is the appropriate test to detect acid-base disorders.
21.
מכשיר אנליזה נועד ל
Correct Answer
A. בדיקת גזים בדם
Explanation
The correct answer is "בדיקת גזים בדם" which translates to "blood gas analysis" in English. This type of device is designed to measure the levels of gases (such as oxygen and carbon dioxide) and other parameters (such as pH and electrolytes) in the blood. It is commonly used in medical settings to assess a patient's respiratory and metabolic status and to guide treatment decisions.
22.
?חלב הוא בסיסי או חומצי
Correct Answer
A. בסיסי
Explanation
Milk is considered basic because it has a pH level above 7. A basic substance has a higher concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) compared to hydrogen ions (H+). Milk contains calcium hydroxide, which contributes to its basic nature. This means that milk has a lower concentration of hydrogen ions, making it more alkaline or basic in nature.
23.
PaCO2: 50pH:7.11לפי תוצאות הבדיקה ניתן לומר שלמר צנון יש?
Correct Answer
A. חמצת נשימתית
Explanation
Based on the given results, a PaCO2 level of 50 and a pH of 7.11, it indicates respiratory acidosis. Respiratory acidosis occurs when there is an excess of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in the blood, leading to a decrease in pH (acidic). This can be caused by conditions such as hypoventilation or lung diseases that impair the removal of carbon dioxide from the body. Therefore, the correct answer is "חמצת נשימתית" which translates to respiratory acidosis.
24.
?למר בוטן ישpH: 7.60PaCO2 : 30
Correct Answer
A. בססת נשמתית
Explanation
The given information indicates that the patient has a pH of 7.60 and a PaCO2 of 30, which suggests a respiratory alkalosis. In respiratory alkalosis, the pH is elevated above the normal range (7.35-7.45) and the PaCO2 is below the normal range (35-45 mmHg). This indicates that there is an excessive elimination of carbon dioxide, leading to a decrease in carbonic acid concentration and an increase in pH. Therefore, the correct answer is "בססת נשמתית" (respiratory alkalosis).
25.
סיבות לבססת נשמתית
Correct Answer
A. הנשמת יתר
Explanation
The correct answer is "הנשמת יתר" (excessive anxiety). This can be inferred from the other options provided. The first option, סיבות לבססת נשמתית (reasons for a spiritual foundation), does not relate to the context of the question. The second option, דיכוי מערכת עצבים מרכזית (suppression of the central nervous system), is not relevant to the given options. The third option, אסטמה (asthma), and the fourth option, ניוון שרירים (muscle weakness), are medical conditions that do not directly relate to excessive anxiety. Therefore, the most logical answer is הנשמת יתר (excessive anxiety).
26.
חמצת מטבולית
Correct Answer
A. HCO3 נמוך מ22/pH נמוך 7.35
Explanation
This answer states that the HCO3 (bicarbonate) level is low, indicating a metabolic acidosis, and the pH is low at 7.35, indicating acidemia. In metabolic acidosis, the body has an excess of acid or a loss of bicarbonate, leading to a decrease in HCO3 levels and a decrease in pH. Therefore, this answer correctly identifies the condition of low HCO3 and low pH, indicating metabolic acidosis.
27.
סיבה לבססת מטבולית
Correct Answer
A. שימוש עודף לסודה לשתייה
Explanation
The correct answer is "Excessive consumption of soda". This is because excessive consumption of soda can lead to metabolic alkalosis, which is a condition where the body's pH becomes too alkaline. This can occur due to the high levels of bicarbonate present in soda, which can overwhelm the body's ability to maintain a balanced pH. Symptoms of metabolic alkalosis can include muscle twitching, hand tremors, nausea, and vomiting.