Physiology Hardest Trivia Questions! Quiz
Physiology is the study of the normal functioning of living creatures. As human beings, we have a metabolism that relies on all the organs in our bodies working together. The quiz below is considered by many as the hardest physiology trivia. Do you think that you can handle it? Why don’t you take it up and see just how much you know!
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which of the following descriptions is accurate?
- A.
A neuron has a single axon, which sends information
- B.
A neuron has a single dendrite, which sends information
- C.
A neuron has many axons, which receive information
- D.
A neuron has many dendrites, which send information
Correct Answer
A. A neuron has a single axon, which sends informationExplanation
A neuron has a single axon, which sends information. This is because the axon is the part of the neuron that carries signals away from the cell body and transmits them to other neurons or to muscles or glands. The dendrites, on the other hand, receive information from other neurons and transmit it towards the cell body. Therefore, the statement that a neuron has a single axon, which sends information, accurately describes the function of a neuron.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The phagocytic cells in the CNS are:?
- A.
Microglia
- B.
Astrocytes
- C.
Oligodendrocytes
- D.
Ependymal cells
Correct Answer
A. MicrogliaExplanation
Microglia are the correct answer because they are the phagocytic cells in the central nervous system (CNS). These cells are responsible for engulfing and removing cellular debris, pathogens, and dead cells through phagocytosis. Microglia also play a role in regulating immune responses and maintaining homeostasis in the CNS. Unlike other glial cells such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells, microglia are specialized immune cells derived from myeloid progenitors.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The _____cells provide a means of producing myelin?
- A.
Oligodendrocyte
- B.
Astrocyte
- C.
Microglia
- D.
Ependymal
Correct Answer
A. OligodendrocyteExplanation
Oligodendrocytes are a type of glial cell in the central nervous system that produce myelin, a fatty substance that insulates and protects nerve fibers. They are responsible for the formation and maintenance of myelin sheaths around axons, allowing for efficient transmission of electrical signals in the brain and spinal cord. Unlike astrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes specifically specialize in myelin production, making them the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following terms describes an accumulation of nerve cell bodies in the PNS?
- A.
Ganglion
- B.
Nucleus
- C.
Gray matter
- D.
Peripheral nerve
Correct Answer
A. GanglionExplanation
A ganglion is a term that describes an accumulation of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This is different from a nucleus, which refers to a cluster of nerve cell bodies in the central nervous system (CNS). Gray matter refers to regions of the CNS that primarily consist of nerve cell bodies and synapses, while a peripheral nerve is a bundle of nerve fibers that connect the CNS to the rest of the body. Therefore, the correct term for an accumulation of nerve cell bodies in the PNS is ganglion.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The resting potential of a neuron is:?
- A.
-70 mv
- B.
+30 mv
- C.
0 mv
- D.
-90 mv
Correct Answer
A. -70 mvExplanation
The resting potential of a neuron refers to the electrical charge across the cell membrane when the neuron is at rest and not transmitting signals. The correct answer, -70 mv, indicates that the inside of the neuron is negatively charged compared to the outside. This negative charge is maintained by the balance of ions, with more negatively charged ions inside the neuron and more positively charged ions outside. This potential allows the neuron to quickly transmit electrical signals when stimulated.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The minimal stimulus needed to cause a neuron to transmit an impulse is called the:?
- A.
Threshold
- B.
Action potential
- C.
Resting potential
- D.
Refractory period
Correct Answer
A. ThresholdExplanation
The correct answer is threshold. The threshold is the minimum level of stimulation required for a neuron to transmit an impulse. Once the stimulus reaches or exceeds the threshold, the neuron generates an action potential, which is the electrical signal that travels down the neuron. The resting potential refers to the electrical charge of a neuron when it is at rest, and the refractory period is the brief period after an action potential when the neuron is unable to generate another impulse.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Saltatory conduction occurs when an impulse jumps from:?
- A.
Node to node
- B.
Axon to dendrite
- C.
Dendrite to axon
- D.
Node of Ranvier to axon
Correct Answer
A. Node to nodeExplanation
Saltatory conduction refers to the rapid transmission of nerve impulses along myelinated axons. The myelin sheath insulates and speeds up the conduction of the impulse. The impulse jumps from one node of Ranvier (the gaps in the myelin sheath) to the next, rather than traveling continuously along the entire length of the axon. This allows for faster and more efficient transmission of the signal. Therefore, the correct answer is "node to node".Rate this question:
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- 8.
A change in a dendrite which lessens the probability of a conduction is:?
- A.
Inhibitatory Post-Synaptic Potential
- B.
Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potentia
- C.
Threshold potential
- D.
Action potential
Correct Answer
A. Inhibitatory Post-Synaptic PotentialExplanation
A change in a dendrite which lessens the probability of conduction is called an Inhibitatory Post-Synaptic Potential (IPSP). This refers to a decrease in the electrical potential of a neuron following the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters. IPSPs make it less likely for the neuron to generate an action potential and transmit signals to other neurons. It acts as a braking mechanism, inhibiting the firing of an action potential and reducing the overall excitability of the neuron.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the following does NOT belong with the rest?
- A.
Summation
- B.
Facilitation
- C.
Divergence
- D.
Convergence
Correct Answer
A. SummationExplanation
The words facilitation, divergence, and convergence all relate to the process of coming together or moving apart. Summation, on the other hand, refers to the act of adding things together or finding the total. It does not directly relate to the concept of coming together or moving apart, making it the odd one out in this group.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which type of short neuron is found in the retina?
- A.
Unipolar
- B.
Bipolar
- C.
Multipolar
- D.
Tripolar
Correct Answer
A. UnipolarExplanation
Unipolar neurons are the type of short neurons found in the retina. These neurons have a single process extending from the cell body, which then branches into two separate processes, one acting as an axon and the other as a dendrite. This unique structure allows unipolar neurons to receive and transmit signals efficiently within the retina, playing a crucial role in visual processing.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The following belong together EXCEPT which one?
- A.
Multipolar
- B.
Efferent
- C.
Sensory
- D.
Motor
Correct Answer
A. MultipolarExplanation
The terms "efferent," "sensory," and "motor" all relate to the nervous system and its functions. Efferent refers to nerves that carry signals away from the central nervous system, sensory refers to nerves that transmit sensory information to the central nervous system, and motor refers to nerves that control muscle movement. However, "multipolar" does not specifically relate to the nervous system. It is a term used in biology to describe a cell with multiple processes or extensions. Therefore, "multipolar" is the odd one out among the given options.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The following belong together EXCEPT which one?
- A.
Sensory neuron
- B.
Interneuron
- C.
Intercalated neuron
- D.
Association neuron
Correct Answer
A. Sensory neuronExplanation
The given options consist of different types of neurons. Sensory neurons are responsible for transmitting sensory information from the sensory organs to the central nervous system. Interneurons are found within the central nervous system and are involved in processing and transmitting signals between sensory and motor neurons. Intercalated neurons are a type of interneuron found in the spinal cord, and association neurons are another term for interneurons. Therefore, all options except sensory neuron are types of interneurons, making sensory neuron the odd one out.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The PNS is comprised of cranial nerves and:
- A.
Spinal nerves
- B.
Motor nerves
- C.
Sensory nerves
- D.
Somatic nerves
Correct Answer
A. Spinal nervesExplanation
The correct answer is spinal nerves. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is made up of the cranial nerves, which originate from the brain, and the spinal nerves, which originate from the spinal cord. The spinal nerves are responsible for transmitting sensory information from the body to the central nervous system and for carrying motor commands from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands. Therefore, including spinal nerves as part of the PNS is an accurate statement.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The cells that produce myelin in the PNS are:?
- A.
Schwann
- B.
Oligodendrocytes
- C.
Axons
- D.
Ependymal
Correct Answer
A. SchwannExplanation
Schwann cells are responsible for producing myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Myelin is a fatty substance that wraps around axons, providing insulation and allowing for faster transmission of nerve impulses. Oligodendrocytes, on the other hand, produce myelin in the central nervous system (CNS). Axons are the long, slender projections of nerve cells that transmit electrical signals. Ependymal cells are involved in the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the CNS. Therefore, the correct answer is Schwann cells.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Diffusion of which of the following ions into the synaptic knob triggers the release of neurotransmitter?
- A.
Ca2+
- B.
Na+
- C.
Cl–
- D.
K+
Correct Answer
A. Ca2+Explanation
The diffusion of Ca2+ ions into the synaptic knob triggers the release of neurotransmitter. This is because the influx of Ca2+ ions into the synaptic knob is an essential step in the process of neurotransmitter release. When an action potential reaches the synaptic knob, it causes voltage-gated Ca2+ channels to open, allowing Ca2+ ions to enter the knob. The increase in Ca2+ concentration inside the knob then triggers the fusion of neurotransmitter-containing vesicles with the presynaptic membrane, leading to the release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Where are neurotransmitter receptors located?
- A.
Postsynaptic membrane
- B.
Presynaptic membrane
- C.
Nodes of Ranvier
- D.
Synaptic vesicle membranes
Correct Answer
A. Postsynaptic membraneExplanation
Neurotransmitter receptors are located on the postsynaptic membrane. This is where the neurotransmitters bind and transmit signals from one neuron to another. The postsynaptic membrane is located on the receiving end of the synapse, while the presynaptic membrane is on the transmitting end. Nodes of Ranvier are gaps in the myelin sheath of a neuron, and synaptic vesicle membranes are involved in the release of neurotransmitters. However, it is on the postsynaptic membrane where the neurotransmitter receptors are specifically located.Rate this question:
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- 17.
A common feature of action potentials is that they:?
- A.
Are triggered by a depolarization that reaches the threshold.
- B.
Cause the membrane to hyperpolarize and then depolarize.
- C.
Can undergo temporal and spatial summation.
- D.
Move at the same speed along all axons.
Correct Answer
A. Are triggered by a depolarization that reaches the threshold.Explanation
Action potentials are electrical signals that are generated and transmitted by neurons. They are initiated when the membrane potential of a neuron reaches a certain threshold level of depolarization. Once the threshold is reached, an action potential is triggered and a rapid depolarization occurs, resulting in the propagation of the electrical signal along the axon. Therefore, the correct answer states that action potentials are triggered by a depolarization that reaches the threshold.Rate this question:
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- 18.
What happens when a resting neuron's membrane depolarizes?
- A.
The neuron's membrane voltage becomes more positive
- B.
There is a net diffusion of Na+ out of the cell.
- C.
The neuron is less likely to generate an action potential.
- D.
The cell's inside is more negative than the outside.
Correct Answer
A. The neuron's membrane voltage becomes more positiveExplanation
When a resting neuron's membrane depolarizes, it means that the voltage across the neuron's membrane becomes less negative or more positive. This occurs due to the influx of positively charged ions, such as sodium (Na+), into the cell. This depolarization makes the neuron less likely to generate an action potential, as it moves away from its resting state and becomes closer to the threshold for firing an action potential.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The membrane closest to the brain is:?
- A.
Pia mater
- B.
Dura mater
- C.
Arachnoid meninx
- D.
Denticulate ligament
Correct Answer
A. Pia materExplanation
The pia mater is the innermost membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord. It is a thin, delicate layer that is in direct contact with the brain. It is responsible for providing nourishment to the brain through its network of blood vessels. The dura mater and arachnoid meninx are also membranes that surround the brain but are located outside the pia mater. The denticulate ligament is a structure within the spinal cord and is not directly related to the brain. Therefore, the correct answer is pia mater.Rate this question:
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- 20.
An inflammation of the brain coverings is termed:?
- A.
Meningitis
- B.
Encephalitis
- C.
Poliomyelitis
- D.
Cerebral palsy
Correct Answer
A. MeningitisExplanation
Meningitis is the correct answer because it refers to the inflammation of the brain coverings, specifically the meninges. This condition can be caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal infections, and it commonly presents with symptoms such as fever, headache, neck stiffness, and sensitivity to light. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications and potential long-term effects. Encephalitis, on the other hand, refers to inflammation of the brain itself, while poliomyelitis is a viral infection that affects the spinal cord. Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive neurological disorder that affects movement and posture.Rate this question:
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- 21.
The cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the capillaries of the:?
- A.
Choroid plexus
- B.
Lateral ventricle
- C.
Arachnoid villi
- D.
Dural sinus
Correct Answer
A. Choroid plexusExplanation
The cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the capillaries of the choroid plexus. The choroid plexus is a network of blood vessels located in the ventricles of the brain. It is responsible for producing and regulating the cerebrospinal fluid, which provides nutrients and protection to the brain and spinal cord. The capillaries of the choroid plexus filter blood plasma and secrete cerebrospinal fluid into the ventricles, where it circulates and is eventually absorbed back into the bloodstream.Rate this question:
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- 22.
What is daily amount of CSF in the nervous system at any given time?
- A.
140 mL
- B.
100 mL
- C.
500 mL
- D.
1000 mL
Correct Answer
A. 140 mLExplanation
The daily amount of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the nervous system at any given time is 140 mL. CSF is a clear, colorless fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, providing protection and nutrients. It is continuously produced and reabsorbed, maintaining a constant volume. The correct answer of 140 mL suggests that this is the average daily amount of CSF present in the nervous system.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which of the following is NOT a medullary vital center?
- A.
Blood pressure
- B.
Cardiac
- C.
Vasomotor
- D.
Respiratory
Correct Answer
A. Blood pressureExplanation
The medullary vital centers are responsible for regulating essential bodily functions. The cardiac center controls heart rate, the vasomotor center regulates blood vessel constriction and dilation, and the respiratory center controls breathing. However, blood pressure is not a medullary vital center itself, but rather a result of the combined actions of the cardiac and vasomotor centers.Rate this question:
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- 24.
What is first component of reflex arch?
- A.
Sensory neuron
- B.
Motor neuron
- C.
Muscle or glance
- D.
Interneuron
Correct Answer
A. Sensory neuronExplanation
The first component of a reflex arc is the sensory neuron. This neuron is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the sensory receptors to the central nervous system (CNS). In a reflex arc, when a stimulus is detected by the sensory receptors, the sensory neuron carries the information to the CNS, where it is processed. This information then triggers a response, which is carried out by the motor neuron. Therefore, the sensory neuron is the initial component of the reflex arc, playing a crucial role in the transmission of sensory information.Rate this question:
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- 25.
What type of speech does Broca's area control?
- A.
Speech production
- B.
Speech understanding
- C.
Speech hearing
- D.
Speech reasoning
Correct Answer
A. Speech productionExplanation
Broca's area is a region in the frontal lobe of the brain that is primarily responsible for speech production. It controls the motor movements required for the production of speech sounds and the coordination of the muscles involved in speaking. Damage to Broca's area can result in a condition called Broca's aphasia, characterized by difficulties in producing fluent speech while comprehension remains relatively intact. Therefore, the correct answer is speech production.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Sensory speech area in the brain is called:?
- A.
Wernicke area
- B.
Broca area
- C.
Auditory area
- D.
Visual area
Correct Answer
A. Wernicke areaExplanation
The sensory speech area in the brain is called the Wernicke area. This area is responsible for the comprehension and understanding of spoken language. Damage to the Wernicke area can result in a condition known as Wernicke's aphasia, where individuals have difficulty understanding and producing coherent speech. The Broca area, on the other hand, is responsible for the production of speech, while the auditory area processes auditory information and the visual area processes visual information.Rate this question:
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- 27.
An area of skin innervated by sensory nerves is called:?
- A.
Dermatome
- B.
Ventral root
- C.
Dermal receptor
- D.
Dorsal root
Correct Answer
A. DermatomeExplanation
A dermatome is an area of skin that is supplied by sensory nerves originating from a single spinal nerve root. These nerves transmit sensory information such as touch, temperature, and pain from the skin to the central nervous system. Therefore, the term "dermatome" accurately describes an area of skin innervated by sensory nerves. The other options, ventral root, dermal receptor, and dorsal root, do not specifically refer to an area of skin innervated by sensory nerves.Rate this question:
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- 28.
The following are plexus names EXCEPT:?
- A.
Thoracic
- B.
Cervical
- C.
Lumbar
- D.
BrachiaL
Correct Answer
A. ThoracicExplanation
The question is asking for plexus names that are not included in the given options. The options provided are cervical, lumbar, and brachial. These are all names of plexuses, but thoracic is not. Therefore, the correct answer is thoracic.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Norepinephrine is released from:?
- A.
Sympathetic nerves
- B.
All autonomic nerves
- C.
Parasympathetic nerves
- D.
The vagus nerve
Correct Answer
A. Sympathetic nervesExplanation
Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that is released from sympathetic nerves. These nerves are part of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, which is responsible for the "fight or flight" response in the body. When the body perceives a threat or stress, sympathetic nerves release norepinephrine to activate various physiological responses, such as increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and heightened alertness. Therefore, norepinephrine is primarily released from sympathetic nerves rather than other autonomic nerves or the parasympathetic vagus nerve.Rate this question:
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- 30.
The following could occur together effectively EXCEPT:?
- A.
Digestion
- B.
Increase heart rate
- C.
Sweating
- D.
Pupil dilation
Correct Answer
A. DigestionExplanation
All of the given options are physiological responses that can occur together effectively except for digestion. Digestion is a parasympathetic response, which means it is associated with the "rest and digest" state of the body. On the other hand, the other options - increase heart rate, sweating, and pupil dilation - are sympathetic responses that are associated with the "fight or flight" response. Therefore, digestion is the odd one out as it is not typically associated with the other three responses.Rate this question:
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- 31.
A tract is collection of fibers (axon) in?
- A.
Central nervous system
- B.
Peripheral nervous system
- C.
Autonomic nervous system
- D.
Somatic nervous system
Correct Answer
A. Central nervous systemExplanation
A tract is a collection of fibers (axons) that are found in the central nervous system. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, which are responsible for receiving and processing information from the body and sending out appropriate responses. Tracts within the central nervous system allow for communication between different regions of the brain and spinal cord, enabling the transmission of sensory information, motor commands, and other signals throughout the body. Therefore, the correct answer is the central nervous system.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Which of the following carry sensory impulses to the CNS from receptors in muscle or skin?
- A.
General somatic afferent fibers
- B.
General somatic efferent fibers
- C.
General visceral afferent fibers
- D.
General visceral efferent fibers
Correct Answer
A. General somatic afferent fibersExplanation
General somatic afferent fibers carry sensory impulses to the central nervous system (CNS) from receptors in muscle or skin. These fibers are responsible for transmitting information about touch, temperature, pain, and proprioception from the body's somatic (voluntary) structures to the CNS.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Acetylcholine is decomposed by _____almost as fast as it is released.?
- A.
Acetylcholinesterase
- B.
Monoamine oxidase
- C.
MAO inhibitors
- D.
Norepinephrine
Correct Answer
A. AcetylcholinesteraseExplanation
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that is responsible for transmitting signals between nerve cells. It is released into the synaptic cleft and needs to be quickly broken down to prevent continuous stimulation of the postsynaptic cell. Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme that rapidly decomposes acetylcholine, ensuring that it is cleared from the synaptic cleft. Therefore, acetylcholinesterase decomposes acetylcholine almost as fast as it is released.Rate this question:
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- 34.
The following belong together EXCEPT which one?
- A.
Acetylcholine
- B.
Norepinephrine
- C.
Epinephrine
- D.
Adrenalin
Correct Answer
A. AcetylcholineExplanation
Acetylcholine is the odd one out because it is a neurotransmitter that primarily functions in the parasympathetic nervous system, while the other three options (norepinephrine, epinephrine, and adrenalin) are all hormones that are released by the adrenal glands in response to stress or excitement. Acetylcholine is involved in functions such as muscle contraction, memory, and attention, whereas the other three hormones are involved in the "fight or flight" response, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and energy levels.Rate this question:
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- 35.
The primary neurotransmitter from the parasympathetic system that influences its autonomic targets is?
- A.
Acetylcholine.
- B.
Adenosine.
- C.
Norepinephrine.
- D.
Nopamine.
Correct Answer
A. Acetylcholine.Explanation
Acetylcholine is the correct answer because it is the primary neurotransmitter released by the parasympathetic nervous system. It acts on autonomic targets, including smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands, to promote rest and digestion. Adenosine is not a primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic system, and norepinephrine and dopamine are neurotransmitters of the sympathetic nervous system.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Where is most water found in the body?
- A.
In cells
- B.
Blood plasma
- C.
Whole blood
- D.
Tissue spaces
Correct Answer
A. In cellsExplanation
The majority of water in the body is found within cells. This is because cells are the fundamental units of life and contain various organelles and structures that require water for their proper functioning. Water is essential for many cellular processes such as metabolism, transportation of nutrients and waste, and maintaining cell shape and structure. While there is also water present in blood plasma, whole blood, and tissue spaces, the highest concentration of water is found within the cells themselves.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Which of these is relatively high in extracellular fluids?
- A.
Sodium
- B.
Potassium
- C.
Calcium
- D.
Phosphate
Correct Answer
A. SodiumExplanation
Sodium is relatively high in extracellular fluids because it plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance and regulating blood pressure. It is the most abundant cation in extracellular fluids and helps to control osmotic pressure, which affects the movement of water in and out of cells. Sodium is also involved in nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.Rate this question:
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- 38.
What is the most abundant extracellular cation?
- A.
Na+
- B.
K+
- C.
Mg++
- D.
Cl-
Correct Answer
A. Na+Explanation
Na+ is the most abundant extracellular cation because it plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction. It is also the main cation in extracellular fluids such as blood plasma and interstitial fluid. Na+ is actively transported out of cells and is then replaced by K+ to maintain the cell's electrical potential. Additionally, Na+ is essential for the absorption of nutrients in the intestines and the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.Rate this question:
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- 39.
What is the main force that causes fluid to leave the plasma compartment?
- A.
Hydrostatic
- B.
Osmosis
- C.
Dialysis
- D.
Filtration
Correct Answer
A. HydrostaticExplanation
Hydrostatic pressure is the main force that causes fluid to leave the plasma compartment. Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium due to the force of gravity. In the context of the plasma compartment, hydrostatic pressure pushes fluid out of the compartment and into the surrounding tissues or spaces. This pressure is created by the pumping action of the heart, which generates a pressure gradient that drives fluid movement. Osmosis, dialysis, and filtration are not the main forces responsible for fluid leaving the plasma compartment.Rate this question:
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- 40.
What is the greatest regulator of water intake?
- A.
Hypothalamus
- B.
Kidneys
- C.
Gastrointestinal system
- D.
Adequate diet
Correct Answer
A. HypothalamusExplanation
The hypothalamus is the correct answer because it plays a crucial role in regulating water intake. It contains specialized cells called osmoreceptors that monitor the concentration of solutes in the blood. When the osmoreceptors detect an increase in blood osmolality, indicating dehydration, they trigger the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the hypothalamus. ADH acts on the kidneys, increasing water reabsorption and reducing urine output, thus conserving water in the body. Additionally, the hypothalamus also stimulates thirst, prompting individuals to drink water and maintain fluid balance. Therefore, the hypothalamus is the primary regulator of water intake.Rate this question:
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- 41.
The greatest amount of body water is lost through:
- A.
Urine
- B.
Sweating
- C.
Defecation
- D.
Breathing
Correct Answer
A. UrineExplanation
The greatest amount of body water is lost through urine because it is the primary way in which the body eliminates waste and excess water. Urine is produced by the kidneys, which filter waste products from the blood and remove them from the body through the urinary system. This process helps maintain the body's water balance and remove toxins. While sweating, defecation, and breathing also contribute to water loss, they are not as significant as urine in terms of the overall amount of water lost by the body.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Excessive vomiting usually results in the phenomenon of :
- A.
Dehydration
- B.
Water intoxication
- C.
Edema
- D.
Hypoproteinemia
Correct Answer
A. DehydrationExplanation
Excessive vomiting can lead to dehydration. Vomiting causes the body to lose fluids, including water and electrolytes, which are necessary for proper bodily functions. When these fluids are not replaced adequately, dehydration can occur. Dehydration can cause symptoms such as thirst, dry mouth, fatigue, dizziness, and decreased urine output. If left untreated, severe dehydration can be life-threatening. Therefore, it is important to replenish fluids and electrolytes lost due to vomiting to prevent dehydration.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Which ion is directly related to calcium homeostasis?
- A.
PO43-
- B.
Mg++
- C.
K+
- D.
Cl-
Correct Answer
A. PO43-Explanation
PO43- is directly related to calcium homeostasis because it is involved in the formation and maintenance of bone tissue. Calcium and phosphate ions combine to form hydroxyapatite crystals, which are the main component of the mineralized matrix in bones. The balance between calcium and phosphate ions is crucial for proper bone formation and remodeling. Additionally, phosphate ions are also involved in various cellular processes, including energy metabolism and signal transduction, which are important for maintaining calcium homeostasis in the body.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Which cells are most sensitive to electrolyte changes?
- A.
Neurons
- B.
Osteoblasts
- C.
Epithelial
- D.
Leukocytes
Correct Answer
A. NeuronsExplanation
Neurons are the most sensitive cells to electrolyte changes because they are highly dependent on proper ion concentrations for their electrical signaling. Electrolyte imbalances can disrupt the balance of ions inside and outside the neurons, affecting their ability to generate and transmit electrical impulses. This can lead to various neurological symptoms and disorders. Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells, epithelial cells form the protective lining of various organs, and leukocytes are white blood cells involved in the immune response. While these cells may be affected by electrolyte changes to some extent, neurons are particularly sensitive due to their specialized electrical activity.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Which is the most abundant intracellular cation?
- A.
K+
- B.
PO43-
- C.
HCO3-
- D.
Cl-
Correct Answer
A. K+Explanation
K+ is the most abundant intracellular cation because it plays a crucial role in many cellular processes. It helps maintain the cell's electrical potential, regulates osmotic balance, and is involved in the transmission of nerve impulses. Additionally, K+ is required for proper muscle function and protein synthesis. While other ions like PO43-, HCO3-, and Cl- are also present in cells, K+ is the most abundant intracellular cation.Rate this question:
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- 46.
What will happen when erythrocytes are placed in a hypotonic solution?
- A.
Will swell
- B.
Will shrink
- C.
Will change
- D.
Will move
Correct Answer
A. Will swellExplanation
When erythrocytes are placed in a hypotonic solution, the solution has a lower solute concentration compared to the inside of the cells. As a result, water will move into the cells through osmosis, causing them to swell. This is because the water moves from an area of lower solute concentration (the hypotonic solution) to an area of higher solute concentration (inside the cells).Rate this question:
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- 47.
What minimum amount of body water loss can the osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect?
- A.
1%
- B.
5%
- C.
10%
- D.
15%
Correct Answer
A. 1%Explanation
The osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus are responsible for detecting changes in the concentration of solutes in the body, particularly in the blood. These receptors are highly sensitive and can detect even small changes in osmolality. A 1% body water loss would lead to an increase in the concentration of solutes in the blood, triggering the osmoreceptors to send signals to the brain to initiate mechanisms to conserve water and maintain homeostasis. Therefore, the osmoreceptors can detect a minimum amount of body water loss of 1%.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Which hormone control regulation of Calcium?
- A.
Calcitonin & PTH
- B.
Calcitonin & aldolsteron
- C.
Aldosteron & PTH
- D.
Aldosteron & renin
Correct Answer
A. Calcitonin & PTHExplanation
Calcitonin and PTH (parathyroid hormone) are the hormones that control the regulation of calcium in the body. Calcitonin helps to decrease blood calcium levels by inhibiting bone breakdown and increasing calcium excretion by the kidneys. On the other hand, PTH increases blood calcium levels by stimulating bone breakdown, increasing calcium absorption from the intestines, and decreasing calcium excretion by the kidneys. Together, these hormones work in a delicate balance to maintain the appropriate levels of calcium in the body.Rate this question:
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- 49.
និយមន័យរបស់ Thermogenèse គឺៈ
- A.
ការផលិតកំដៅបានមកពី លទ្ធផលនៃការដំយោគចំណីអាហារ និងការដកដង្ហើមយកអុកស៊ីសែនបង្កើតបានជាថាមពល និងកំដៅ
- B.
ការបញ្ចេញកំដៅដើម្បីទប់ទល់ នឹងធាតុអាកាសខាងក្រៅ
- C.
កំរិតកំដៅធម្មតា នៃខ្លួនយើងបានមកពីលំនឹង រវាងការផលិត កំដៅ និងការបាត់បង់កំដៅ
- D.
ជាបណ្តុំនៃmécanismes ដែលអនុញ្ញាតឲ្យមានការធានាលំនឹង នៅស៊ីតុណ្ហភាពមួយសមស្របជុំវិញក្នុងកំរិត37oC
Correct Answer
A. ការផលិតកំដៅបានមកពី លទ្ធផលនៃការដំយោគចំណីអាហារ និងការដកដង្ហើមយកអុកស៊ីសែនបង្កើតបានជាថាមពល និងកំដៅExplanation
The explanation for the given answer is that thermogenesis is the process by which the body produces heat. It is primarily driven by the metabolic activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and the activation of uncoupling proteins (UCPs). When the body is exposed to cold temperatures or when there is an increase in energy expenditure, thermogenesis is activated to generate heat and maintain body temperature. This process is regulated by various mechanisms that ensure a balance between heat production and heat dissipation, ultimately aiming to maintain a core body temperature of around 37oC.Rate this question:
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- 50.
និយមន័យរបស់ Thermolyse គឺៈ
- A.
ការបញ្ចេញកំដៅដើម្បីទប់ទល់ នឹងធាតុអាកាសខាងក្រៅ
- B.
ការផលិតកំដៅបានមកពី លទ្ធផលនៃការដំយោគចំណីអាហារ និងការដកដង្ហើមយកអុកស៊ីសែនបង្កើត
- C.
កំរិតកំដៅធម្មតា នៃខ្លួនយើងបានមកពីលំនឹង រវាងការផលិត កំដៅ និងការបាត់បង់កំដៅ
- D.
ជាបណ្តុំនៃmécanismes ដែលអនុញ្ញាតឲ្យមានការធានាលំនឹង នៅស៊ីតុណ្ហភាពមួយសមស្របជុំវិញក្នុងកំរិត37oC
Correct Answer
A. ការបញ្ចេញកំដៅដើម្បីទប់ទល់ នឹងធាតុអាកាសខាងក្រៅExplanation
The correct answer is that the purpose of thermolysis is to establish a connection with the external atmosphere. This is achieved through the production of the end products of the metabolic breakdown of food and the elimination of waste products, creating a balance of concentration between the production and elimination of substances. The overall goal is to maintain homeostasis, which is achieved by regulating the concentration of substances through the processes of production and elimination.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Aug 11, 2017Quiz Created by
Uhsmaster1
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