Year 9 Ecology And Photosynthesis
Year 9 Ecology, Photosynthesis and Respiration by E. Hung
- 1.
In the following food chain, which organism is the secondary consumer?grass ------> rabbit -------> snake ------> hawk
- A.
Grass
- B.
Rabbit
- C.
Snake
- D.
Hawk
Correct Answer
C. SnakeExplanation
In this food chain, the snake is the secondary consumer. A secondary consumer is an organism that feeds on primary consumers, which in this case is the rabbit. Since the snake is one step higher in the food chain and consumes the rabbit, it is considered the secondary consumer.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of the following cannot be recycled?
- A.
Nitrogen
- B.
Carbon
- C.
Water
- D.
Energy
Correct Answer
D. EnergyExplanation
Energy cannot be recycled because it is not a physical substance that can be broken down and reused. Energy is a measure of the ability to do work or cause change, and it exists in different forms such as thermal, mechanical, electrical, or chemical. While energy can be converted from one form to another, it cannot be created or destroyed. Therefore, it cannot go through a recycling process like physical materials such as nitrogen, carbon, or water.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The term "nitrogen fixation" refers to
- A.
The process that turns nitrates and nitites into nitrogen
- B.
The process where bacteria turns nitrogen into a form that plants can use (ammonia)
- C.
The process where nitrogen gas in the atmosphere is converted to nitrates
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. The process where bacteria turns nitrogen into a form that plants can use (ammonia)Explanation
Nitrogen fixation is the process by which certain bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen gas into a form that plants can use, such as ammonia. This is an important process as plants require nitrogen to grow and develop, but they cannot directly utilize atmospheric nitrogen. Bacteria that have the ability to fix nitrogen form a symbiotic relationship with plants, providing them with a usable form of nitrogen while receiving nutrients from the plants in return. Therefore, the correct answer is "the process where bacteria turns nitrogen into a form that plants can use (ammonia)."Rate this question:
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- 4.
Sea anemones contain a venom that is used to sting and paralyze their prey. The clownfish contains an enzyme in their scales that makes them immune to the venom. This allows them to freely live in the sea anemone without being harmed. This is an example of what type of relationship?
- A.
Predator-prey
- B.
Mutualism
- C.
Commensalism
- D.
Parasitism
Correct Answer
B. MutualismExplanation
In this scenario, the relationship between the sea anemones and clownfish is mutualistic. The clownfish benefit by gaining protection from potential predators provided by the sea anemones, and in return, the clownfish provide the sea anemones with nutrients and protection. It's a mutually beneficial relationship where both species gain advantages.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following is an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?
- A.
Bird
- B.
Tree
- C.
Rock
- D.
Bacteria
Correct Answer
C. RockExplanation
An abiotic factor refers to a non-living component in an ecosystem. Among the given options, only a rock qualifies as an abiotic factor as it is not a living organism. Birds, trees, and bacteria are all living organisms and therefore, they are considered as biotic factors in an ecosystem.Rate this question:
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- 6.
In the above food chain, the snake is an example of a
- A.
Producer
- B.
Primary consumer
- C.
Secondary consumer
- D.
Tertiary consumer
Correct Answer
D. Tertiary consumerExplanation
In the given food chain (plant, caterpillar, frog, snake), the snake is a tertiary consumer because it feeds on the frog, which is a secondary consumer. Secondary consumers eat primary consumers (the frog eats the caterpillar, which consumes plants, the primary producers). Thus, snakes, by preying on frogs, occupy the third trophic level.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Mushrooms and other fungi are responsible for breaking down dead organic matter. In the ecosystem, they are called
- A.
Producers
- B.
Consumers
- C.
Decomposers
- D.
Scavengers
Correct Answer
C. DecomposersExplanation
Mushrooms and other fungi play a crucial role in the ecosystem by breaking down dead organic matter. They secrete enzymes that break down complex organic compounds into simpler forms, which can then be absorbed by other organisms. This process is known as decomposition. Therefore, mushrooms and other fungi are referred to as decomposers.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The amount of energy that is passed from one organism to the next in a food chain is
- A.
5%
- B.
10%
- C.
15%
- D.
20%
Correct Answer
B. 10%Explanation
In a food chain, energy is transferred from one organism to another through consumption. Each time an organism consumes another, only a fraction of the energy is passed on. This is due to energy loss in the form of heat, metabolic processes, and waste production. The 10% answer indicates that approximately 10% of the energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. This is known as the 10% rule, which states that only about 10% of the energy is available for consumption by the next trophic level.Rate this question:
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- 9.
On what trophic level would you find organisms that use the sun's energy directly to make their own food?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
Correct Answer
A. 1Explanation
Organisms that use the sun's energy directly to make their own food are called autotrophs. They are typically found on the first trophic level, also known as the primary producers. These organisms, such as plants and algae, undergo photosynthesis to convert sunlight into energy-rich molecules like glucose. This energy is then used by other organisms in higher trophic levels through the food chain.Rate this question:
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- 10.
In the terrestrial food web above, what would be the effect of a farmer introducing a rat poison in to the ecosystem that is toxic to rats and mice?
- A.
The population of fox would decrease
- B.
The population of grasshoppers would decrease
- C.
The population of hawks would increase
- D.
The population of rabbits would decrease
Correct Answer
A. The population of fox would decreaseExplanation
The introduction of rat poison into the ecosystem would lead to a decrease in the population of rats and mice. As the primary prey of foxes, a decrease in the population of rats and mice would result in a decrease in the food source for foxes. This would ultimately lead to a decrease in the population of foxes.Rate this question:
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- 11.
An animal that only eats the flesh of another animal is called a
- A.
Producer
- B.
Herbivore
- C.
Carnivore
- D.
Omnivore
Correct Answer
C. CarnivoreExplanation
A carnivore is an animal that only eats the flesh of another animal. This means that it primarily consumes meat as its main source of food. Carnivores have adapted to have sharp teeth and claws to help them catch and kill their prey. They are often at the top of the food chain and play an important role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems. Unlike herbivores, which eat plants, and omnivores, which eat both plants and animals, carnivores rely solely on consuming other animals for their nutritional needs.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which of the following statements is true about matter and energy?
- A.
Matter is not recycled; energy is recycled
- B.
Matter is recycled; energy is not recycled
- C.
Both matter and energy are recycled
- D.
Neither matter nor energy are recycled
Correct Answer
B. Matter is recycled; energy is not recycledExplanation
Matter is recycled because it can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed into different forms. This is known as the conservation of mass. Energy, on the other hand, is not recycled as it can be converted from one form to another but cannot be created or destroyed. This is known as the conservation of energy. Therefore, the statement "matter is recycled; energy is not recycled" is true.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The ultimate source of energy for all organisms in life is
- A.
Water
- B.
Oxygen
- C.
Nitrogen
- D.
The sun
Correct Answer
D. The sunExplanation
The sun is the ultimate source of energy for all organisms in life because it provides light and heat through the process of photosynthesis. Plants and other photosynthetic organisms convert sunlight into chemical energy, which is then passed on to other organisms through the food chain. Without the sun's energy, life on Earth would not be possible.Rate this question:
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- 14.
In the nitrogen cycle, the term "denitrification" refers to
- A.
The conversion of ammonia into nitrogen
- B.
The conversion of nitrogen into ammonia
- C.
The conversion of nitrates into nitrogen gas
- D.
The conversion of nitrogen gas into nitrates
Correct Answer
C. The conversion of nitrates into nitrogen gasExplanation
Denitrification is the process in the nitrogen cycle where nitrates, which are compounds containing nitrogen and oxygen, are converted into nitrogen gas. This process occurs in anaerobic conditions, such as in waterlogged soils or the bottom of lakes, where oxygen is limited. Denitrifying bacteria carry out this conversion by breaking down the nitrates and releasing nitrogen gas into the atmosphere. This is an important step in the nitrogen cycle as it helps to balance the nitrogen levels in ecosystems and prevent the accumulation of excess nitrogen compounds.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following is considered the main source of excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere leading to the destruction of the ozone layer?
- A.
Carbon gas released into the atmosphere from factories and cars
- B.
Carbon dioxide being released from animals during the process of cellular respiration
- C.
Carbon gas released into the soil through the process of decomposition
- D.
Carbon dioxide released into the oceans during deposition and decomposition
Correct Answer
A. Carbon gas released into the atmospHere from factories and carsExplanation
Carbon gas released into the atmosphere from factories and cars is considered the main source of excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere leading to the destruction of the ozone layer. Factories and cars emit large amounts of carbon dioxide as a byproduct of burning fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and gasoline. This release of carbon dioxide contributes to the greenhouse effect, trapping heat in the atmosphere and causing global warming. The destruction of the ozone layer is also linked to the release of carbon dioxide, as it contributes to the overall imbalance of gases in the atmosphere.Rate this question:
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- 16.
All of the following are ways that we can protect the biosphere except
- A.
Recycling
- B.
Protecting waterways from the dumping of illegal chemicals
- C.
Burning fossil fuels
- D.
Decreasing the process of deforestation
Correct Answer
C. Burning fossil fuelsExplanation
Burning fossil fuels contributes to air pollution and the release of greenhouse gases, which harm the biosphere. Recycling helps reduce waste and conserve resources, protecting the environment. Protecting waterways from illegal chemical dumping prevents contamination and protects aquatic ecosystems. Decreasing deforestation helps preserve biodiversity and maintain the balance of ecosystems. Therefore, burning fossil fuels is not a way to protect the biosphere.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The ecological role of an organism within an ecosystem is called its
- A.
Food web
- B.
Niche
- C.
Habitat
- D.
Biomass
Correct Answer
B. NicheExplanation
The ecological role of an organism within an ecosystem is referred to as its niche. A niche encompasses the specific interactions, behaviors, and adaptations of an organism that allow it to survive and reproduce in its environment. It includes factors such as the organism's habitat, its position in the food web, its feeding habits, and its interactions with other species. The niche of an organism is crucial in determining its impact on the ecosystem and how it contributes to the overall balance and functioning of the ecosystem.Rate this question:
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- 18.
In which cycle would you find denitrification?
- A.
Water
- B.
Carbon
- C.
Nitrogen
- D.
Energy
Correct Answer
C. NitrogenExplanation
Denitrification is a process that occurs in the nitrogen cycle. During denitrification, bacteria convert nitrates (NO3-) into nitrogen gas (N2), which is then released into the atmosphere. This process plays a crucial role in balancing the nitrogen levels in ecosystems and is primarily found in soil, sediments, and aquatic environments. Therefore, the correct cycle where denitrification takes place is the nitrogen cycle.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the following organisms is an autotroph?
- A.
Algae
- B.
A bear
- C.
A cheetah
- D.
A fish
Correct Answer
A. AlgaeExplanation
Algae is an autotroph because it is capable of producing its own food through photosynthesis. Autotrophs are organisms that can convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into energy-rich organic compounds. Algae, being a plant-like organism, contains chlorophyll which enables them to capture sunlight and convert it into chemical energy. This ability to produce their own food distinguishes algae from the other options listed, which are all heterotrophs that rely on consuming other organisms for their energy needs.Rate this question:
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- 20.
What is the most important product in Respiration?
- A.
Carbon dioxide
- B.
Oxygen
- C.
Energy
- D.
Water
Correct Answer
C. EnergyExplanation
Energy is the most important product in respiration because it is the main purpose of the process. Respiration is the metabolic process by which cells convert nutrients into energy. Through a series of chemical reactions, energy is released from glucose molecules and stored in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). This energy is then used by cells to perform various functions such as growth, movement, and reproduction. While carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water are also involved in respiration, they are not the primary goal of the process.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Green plants engage in photosynthesis to produce their own food. Identify the item that is not required for this process.
- A.
Sunlight
- B.
Oxygen
- C.
Water
- D.
Carbon dioxide
Correct Answer
B. OxygenExplanation
Green plants undergo photosynthesis, a process that converts sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. Oxygen is released as a byproduct, so it is not required for the process itself. Therefore, the correct answer is oxygen.Rate this question:
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- 22.
How do biotic resources differ from abiotic resources?
- A.
Biotic resources are more important than abiotic resources
- B.
Biotic resources are limited and abiotic are unlimited.
- C.
Biotic resources are living and abiotic resources are nonliving
- D.
Biotic resources are non-living and abiotic resources are living
Correct Answer
C. Biotic resources are living and abiotic resources are nonlivingExplanation
Biotic resources refer to living organisms or products derived from living organisms, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms. On the other hand, abiotic resources are nonliving elements or substances that are found in the environment, such as air, water, minerals, and sunlight. The correct answer accurately states that biotic resources are living, while abiotic resources are nonliving. This differentiation is crucial in understanding the different types of resources available in nature and their characteristics.Rate this question:
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- 23.
In an energy pyramid, the bottom level represents:
- A.
Producers
- B.
Consumers
- C.
Decomposers
- D.
Scavengers
Correct Answer
A. ProducersExplanation
In an energy pyramid, the bottom level represents producers. Producers are organisms that can produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. They are usually plants or algae that convert sunlight or inorganic compounds into energy-rich organic compounds. These producers form the base of the pyramid as they are the primary source of energy for all other organisms in the ecosystem. They provide food and energy to the consumers, decomposers, and scavengers higher up in the pyramid, making them essential for the functioning of the ecosystem.Rate this question:
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- 24.
A species feeding on the tissue of its host, while not killing it directly, is a
- A.
Decomposer
- B.
Predator
- C.
Parasite
- D.
Consumer
Correct Answer
C. ParasiteExplanation
A species that feeds on the tissue of its host without directly killing it is considered a parasite. Parasites rely on other organisms for their survival and obtain nutrients from their hosts. Unlike predators, parasites do not typically kill their hosts. Instead, they live in or on their hosts and rely on them for resources. This relationship is known as parasitism, where the parasite benefits at the expense of the host.Rate this question:
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- 25.
What is Ecology?
- A.
A thing that makes up their surroundings
- B.
Organism that feed directly or indirectly on producers
- C.
Relationships and other interactions with other organisms
- D.
The study of the earth
Correct Answer
C. Relationships and other interactions with other organismsExplanation
Ecology is the study of relationships and interactions between organisms and their environment. It focuses on understanding how organisms interact with each other and their surroundings, including other living organisms, non-living elements, and the physical environment. This field of study helps us understand the complex web of connections and dependencies that exist in nature, and how these interactions shape ecosystems and the overall functioning of the planet.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Which of the following levels of organisation is arranged in the correct sequence from most to least inclusive?
- A.
Community, ecosystem, individual, population
- B.
Ecosystem, community, population, individual
- C.
Population, ecosystem, individual, community
- D.
Individual, community, population, ecosystem
Correct Answer
B. Ecosystem, community, population, individualExplanation
The correct answer is ecosystem, community, population, individual. This sequence is arranged in a hierarchical manner, starting from the largest and most inclusive level of organization (ecosystem) to the smallest and least inclusive level (individual). An ecosystem consists of all the living organisms and their physical environment in a particular area. Within an ecosystem, there are multiple communities, which are groups of different species living and interacting together. Populations refer to groups of individuals of the same species living in a specific area, and individuals are single organisms.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Bacteria living inside a humans intestine is an example of a ___________ relationship.
- A.
Mutualism
- B.
Commensalism
- C.
Parasitism
- D.
Predation
Correct Answer
A. MutualismExplanation
Bacteria living inside a human's intestine have a mutualistic relationship with the host. The bacteria benefit by obtaining a stable environment and a constant supply of nutrients, while the human benefits from the bacteria's ability to aid in digestion and produce essential vitamins. Both parties rely on each other for survival and derive advantages from the relationship. Therefore, this is an example of mutualism.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Which if the following is an example of a heterotroph?
- A.
Grass
- B.
Rabbit
- C.
Wheat
- D.
Seaweed
Correct Answer
B. RabbitExplanation
A heterotroph is an organism that obtains its energy by consuming other organisms. In this case, a rabbit is the only option that fits this definition. Grass, wheat, and seaweed are all examples of autotrophs, which are able to produce their own energy through photosynthesis. The rabbit, on the other hand, is unable to produce its own energy and relies on consuming other organisms, making it a heterotroph.Rate this question:
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- 29.
What is a "commensalism" relationship?
- A.
Win/win
- B.
Win/lose
- C.
Win/neutral
- D.
Lose/lose
Correct Answer
C. Win/neutralExplanation
A "commensalism" relationship is a type of symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits while the other is neither harmed nor benefited. In this relationship, one organism gains an advantage, or "wins," while the other remains unaffected, or "neutral." This type of relationship is often seen in nature where one organism may use another for transportation, shelter, or food without causing any harm or benefit to the host organism. Therefore, the answer "win/neutral" accurately describes a commensalism relationship.Rate this question:
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Apr 28, 2024Quiz Edited by
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Nov 23, 2014Quiz Created by
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