9th Grade: Basic Science Practice Test! 2020 Trivia Quiz

Stomata are small openings on the surface of leaves that allow water vapor to exit and carbon dioxide to enter the leaf. These openings are surrounded by specialized cells called guard cells, which can open and close the stomata to regulate gas exchange and prevent excessive water loss. Therefore, stomata is the correct answer for this question.

Animals do not carry out photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process by which organisms, such as plants and algae, convert sunlight into energy. Animals, on the other hand, obtain their energy by consuming other organisms or organic matter. They do not have the necessary structures, such as chloroplasts, to carry out photosynthesis. Therefore, animals rely on other organisms, such as plants, to produce the energy-rich molecules they need for survival.

Oxygen is necessary for cell growth and energy because it plays a crucial role in the process of cellular respiration. During cellular respiration, oxygen is used to break down glucose molecules, releasing energy that is used by the cells for various metabolic activities. Additionally, oxygen is also involved in the synthesis of ATP, the primary energy currency of cells. Without oxygen, cells would not be able to generate enough energy to carry out their functions effectively, leading to impaired cell growth and overall cellular dysfunction.

When we breathe in, our body takes in various gases, including oxygen. However, not all of these gases can be utilized by the body. The gases that the body can't use are exhaled. Through the process of exhalation, these gases are expelled from the body and released back into the environment. This allows the body to get rid of the gases that are not needed and make space for fresh oxygen to be inhaled.

Pulmonary circulation refers to the circulation loop through the lungs where deoxygenated blood from the body is pumped to the lungs to be oxygenated and then returned to the heart. This process allows for the exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen in the lungs, ensuring that oxygenated blood is delivered to the body's tissues. Systematic circulation, on the other hand, refers to the circulation of oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Digestive circulation relates to the circulation of blood within the digestive organs, while lymphatic circulation is the movement of lymph fluid throughout the lymphatic system.

The question states that the given term is also known as the voice box, and the correct answer is "larynx." The larynx is a part of the respiratory system located in the throat that houses the vocal cords. It plays a crucial role in producing sound and is commonly referred to as the voice box.

The larynx functions to provide a patent airway, meaning it allows for the passage of air without obstruction. It also plays a role in routing air and food into the proper channels, ensuring that air goes to the lungs and food goes to the esophagus. Additionally, the larynx is involved in voice production, as the folds within it vibrate to produce sound when air from the lungs passes through.

Sex-linked traits are carried on the X chromosome. The Y chromosome is responsible for determining male sex, while the X chromosome is present in both males and females. Therefore, the correct answer is "x" as it represents the X chromosome.

When you breathe in, your lungs expand. This is because the diaphragm, a muscle located at the base of the lungs, contracts and moves downward, creating more space in the chest cavity. As a result, the lungs are able to take in more air, allowing oxygen to enter the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to be expelled. This expansion of the lungs is crucial for the process of respiration, enabling the exchange of gases between the lungs and the bloodstream.

The statement is false because chlorophyll pigments are responsible for the green color in plants, not the red or orange color found in tomatoes and carrots. The red color in tomatoes comes from a pigment called lycopene, while the orange color in carrots comes from a pigment called beta-carotene.

The nose, pharynx, and associated structures are all part of the upper respiratory system. This system includes the organs and structures involved in the initial stages of respiration, such as the nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx. These structures are responsible for filtering, warming, and humidifying the air we breathe before it reaches the lower respiratory system, which includes the bronchial tree and lungs.

The given correct answer is "are pigments". Both carotenoids and chlorophylls are pigments, which means they are natural substances that give color to plants and other organisms. Pigments are responsible for absorbing light energy and playing a crucial role in photosynthesis. Therefore, all the options provided in the question are correct as carotenoids and chlorophylls are pigments, they absorb photons of all energy ranges, and they contain porphyrin rings.

The blood that the heart pumps to the lungs is deoxygenated blood. This blood has already delivered oxygen to the body's tissues and has picked up carbon dioxide as a waste product. It is then transported back to the heart and pumped to the lungs where it releases carbon dioxide and picks up fresh oxygen to be delivered to the body again.

An individual who has two of the same allele is said to be homozygous. This means that both alleles for a particular gene are identical. In homozygous individuals, the alleles can be either dominant or recessive. Homozygosity can result in the expression of a specific trait or characteristic, as both alleles are the same and will have the same effect on the phenotype.

Air enters the body through the pharynx, then passes through the larynx, which is commonly known as the voice box. From there, it travels down the trachea, also known as the windpipe, and finally reaches the bronchioles, which are small airways in the lungs. Therefore, the correct sequence of the pathway through which air travels after entering the body is Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchioles.

The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. After blood is oxygenated in the lungs, it is carried back to the heart through the pulmonary veins. The pulmonary veins then deliver the oxygenated blood to the left atrium, which pumps it into the left ventricle to be circulated to the rest of the body. The right atrium, right ventricle, and right atria are not involved in receiving oxygenated blood from the lungs.

The rib cage is a bony structure that surrounds and protects the lungs. It consists of the ribs, sternum, and thoracic vertebrae. The ribs act as a barrier, shielding the delicate lungs from external forces and potential injuries. They provide a sturdy framework that helps maintain the shape and position of the lungs, preventing them from being crushed or damaged. Additionally, the rib cage also plays a crucial role in the process of breathing by expanding and contracting to allow for the movement of air in and out of the lungs.

In Mendel's F2 generation, the dominant to recessive ratio was 3:1. This means that for every three plants with the dominant purple flower trait, there was one plant with the recessive white flower trait. This ratio is consistent with Mendel's laws of inheritance, specifically the law of segregation, which states that alleles for a trait separate during gamete formation and randomly recombine during fertilization.

The correct answer is alveoli. Alveoli are small, thin-walled sacs located at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs. They are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the bloodstream. Oxygen enters the bloodstream through the walls of the alveoli, while carbon dioxide, a waste product, is expelled from the body through exhalation. Alveoli increase the surface area available for gas exchange, allowing for efficient oxygenation of the blood and removal of carbon dioxide.

During photosynthesis, plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. The oxygen molecules released as O2 during photosynthesis come from the water molecules. Through a series of complex reactions, plants use the energy from light (captured by chlorophyll) to break down water molecules, releasing oxygen as a byproduct. This oxygen is then released into the atmosphere as O2.

Veins carry blood away from the heart. Unlike arteries, which carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body, veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. This deoxygenated blood is then pumped to the lungs to pick up oxygen before being circulated throughout the body again. Veins have thinner walls and contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood.

When Mendel crossed pure-breeding purple and white-flowered pea plants, all the offspring in the F1 generation had purple flowers. This indicates that the purple flower trait is dominant over the white flower trait. Since there were no white-flowered plants in the F1 generation, the ratio of dominant to recessive traits is 4:0.

When two heterozygous plants are crossed (Tt x Tt), there is a 3/4 chance that the offspring will be tall and a 1/4 chance that they will be short. Among the tall progeny, 1/4 will be homozygous dominant (TT) and 3/4 will be heterozygous (Tt). Therefore, the proportion of the tall progeny that will be homozygous dominant is 1/4 divided by 3/4, which simplifies to 3/4.

The garden pea was advantageous for Mendel's experiments because he could expect to observe segregation of traits among the offspring, they have a relatively short generation time, and the sex organs of the pea are enclosed within the flower. However, true-breeding varieties were not scarce, as Mendel was able to find and work with true-breeding pea plants.

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During inspiration, the pressure in the lungs actually decreases. When we inhale, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, causing the volume of the thoracic cavity to increase. This increase in volume leads to a decrease in pressure within the lungs, creating a pressure gradient that allows air to flow into the lungs. Therefore, the statement that the pressure in the lungs increases during inspiration is false.

The respiratory system is responsible for many processes, including pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, and pulmonary respiration. These processes involve the movement of air in and out of the lungs, the exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood, and the exchange of gases between the blood and the body's tissues. However, the transport of respiratory gases is not a process performed by the respiratory system. This task is carried out by the circulatory system, specifically the cardiovascular system, which transports oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and removes carbon dioxide from the tissues to be exhaled.

Complete dominance refers to a type of genetic inheritance where one allele completely masks the effect of the other allele in a heterozygous individual. In this case, both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype, meaning that the dominant allele determines the physical trait while the recessive allele has no observable effect. This results in a clear distinction between the dominant and recessive phenotypes, with no blending or intermediate traits.

Incomplete dominance is the condition where both alleles of a gene are expressed in the phenotype. In this case, neither allele is completely dominant over the other, resulting in a phenotype that is a blend or intermediate of the two alleles. For example, in the case of flower color, if one allele codes for red petals and the other allele codes for white petals, incomplete dominance would result in pink petals. This is different from complete dominance, where one allele is completely dominant over the other and masks its expression in the phenotype.