1.
The Voloshin et al study: "Arthroscopic evaluation of radiofrequency chondroplasty of the knee" concluded that...
Correct Answer(s)
A. 88% of the evaluated lesions showed stabilization of the rim without progressive damage to the articular cartilage.
D. Partial or complete filling with some type of fibrocartilage was found in more than 50% of the lesions.
Explanation
The Voloshin et al study found that 88% of the evaluated lesions showed stabilization of the rim without progressive damage to the articular cartilage. Additionally, more than 50% of the lesions had partial or complete filling with some type of fibrocartilage.
2.
In the study by Spahn et al "Four-year results from a randomized controlled study of knee chondroplasty with concomitant medial meniscectomy: mechanical debridement versus radiofrequency chondroplasty," significantly fewer patients treated with radiofrequency required revision operations within the observational interval of the study.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The study by Spahn et al compared the outcomes of knee chondroplasty with concomitant medial meniscectomy using two different techniques: mechanical debridement and radiofrequency chondroplasty. The study found that significantly fewer patients treated with radiofrequency required revision operations within the observational interval of the study. This suggests that radiofrequency chondroplasty may be more effective in reducing the need for further surgical interventions compared to mechanical debridement. Therefore, the statement "significantly fewer patients treated with radiofrequency required revision operations" is true.
3.
In the study by Spahn et al, "Four-year results from a randomized controlled study of knee chondroplasty with concomitant medial meniscectomy: mechanical debridement versus radiofrequency chondroplasty," at follow up...
Correct Answer
A. Patients in the RFC group had significantly better KOOS scores than the patients in MSD group.
Explanation
The study by Spahn et al compared the KOOS scores of patients in the RFC group and the MSD group. The correct answer states that patients in the RFC group had significantly better KOOS scores than the patients in the MSD group. This suggests that radiofrequency chondroplasty (RFC) may be more effective in improving KOOS scores compared to mechanical debridement (MSD).
4.
At what frequency do COBLATION systems operate (in COBLATION mode)?
Correct Answer
B. 100 kHz
Explanation
COBLATION systems operate at a frequency of 100 kHz in COBLATION mode. This frequency is specifically chosen for the COBLATION technology, which is a minimally invasive surgical technique that uses radiofrequency energy to remove tissue. The 100 kHz frequency allows for precise and controlled tissue removal while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue.
5.
What do the ablate set points (1-9) on the QUANTUM 2 controller represent?
Correct Answer
C. Voltage
Explanation
The ablate set points (1-9) on the QUANTUM 2 controller represent different voltage levels. These set points can be adjusted to control the voltage output of the controller, allowing for precise and customizable voltage settings.
6.
Which of the following are advantages of the QUANTUM 2 System and wands over competitive systems?
Correct Answer(s)
A. AMBIENT technology
D. Scope Saver
Explanation
The advantages of the QUANTUM 2 System and wands over competitive systems include AMBIENT technology, which allows for better noise cancellation and improved audio quality, and Scope Saver, which protects the scope from damage and extends its lifespan. These features make the QUANTUM 2 System and wands more efficient and reliable compared to other systems.
7.
As frequency increases...
Correct Answer(s)
A. More current passes through tissue
B. Risk of thermal damage increases
Explanation
As frequency increases, more current passes through tissue. This is because at higher frequencies, the impedance of tissue decreases, allowing more current to flow through it. As a result, the risk of thermal damage increases because more current generates more heat in the tissue.
8.
According to the paper "Factors Influencing Intra-Articular Fluid Temperature Profiles with Radiofrequency Ablation", the most important factor affecting temperature is...
Correct Answer
C. Flow rate of intra-articular fluid.
Explanation
The correct answer is the flow rate of intra-articular fluid. According to the paper, the study found that the flow rate of the fluid had a significant impact on the temperature profiles during radiofrequency ablation. A higher flow rate resulted in a lower temperature, while a lower flow rate resulted in a higher temperature. This suggests that controlling the flow rate of the intra-articular fluid is crucial in maintaining optimal temperature levels during the procedure.
9.
AMBIENT COBLATION wands automatically deactivate when the temperature alarm threshold is reached.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement is false because AMBIENT COBLATION wands do not automatically deactivate when the temperature alarm threshold is reached.
10.
What is the origin and definition of the word COBLATION?
Correct Answer
B. Controlled ablation - A chemical etching process using bipolar RF energy in conjunction with a conductive medium, such as saline, to create a highly focused plasma layer that contains energy sufficient to break the molecular bonds within tissue. This provides precise, volumetric tissue removal.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Controlled ablation - A chemical etching process using bipolar RF energy in conjunction with a conductive medium, such as saline, to create a highly focused plasma layer that contains energy sufficient to break the molecular bonds within tissue. This provides precise, volumetric tissue removal." This explanation states that COBLATION is a process that involves using bipolar RF energy and a conductive medium to create a plasma layer that can break the molecular bonds within tissue. This results in precise and volumetric tissue removal.
11.
The QUANTUM2 system is recommended for meniscectomy and chondroplasty.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The QUANTUM2 system is recommended for meniscectomy and chondroplasty. This implies that the QUANTUM2 system is considered suitable and advantageous for performing these surgical procedures. Meniscectomy involves the removal of all or part of a damaged meniscus in the knee, while chondroplasty involves the smoothing or reshaping of damaged cartilage. The fact that the system is recommended for these procedures suggests that it has specific features or capabilities that make it well-suited for these types of surgeries. Therefore, the statement "True" is an accurate reflection of the information provided.