Chapter 2, Pathology For The Physical Therapist Assistant (Lescher)

100, 150

660, 800

1000, 1250

2, 10

21

12

22

11

Atlantoaxial subluxation

Congenital heart disorders

Hypotonia

Varying degrees of mental retardation

All of the above

Often live into their 50s

Tend to age prematurely

Are prone to dementia

Can often hold jobs and get married

All of the above

Beta carotene

Folic acid

Vitamin K

Acetic acid

Developmental dysplasia of the hip; atlantoaxial instability

Muscular hypotonia

Incredibly good balance

A and B

B and C

Hemophilia affects females and males in equal numbers

Hemophilia is rarely hereditary.

Hemophilia is caused by deficient amounts of Factor VIII.

Hemophilia is almost always fatal.

Bleeding into a joint (hemiarthrosis)

Bleeding into the brain

Intestinal bleeding

Bleeding into a muscle

All of the above

1,000

50

Less than 100

400

Both conditions are autoimmune and having one predisposes one to having the other

They generally spend a great deal of time hospitalized and are exposed to others with HIV

They likely received blood transfusions in the early 80s, before the blood supply was screened for HIV

HIV and hemophilia are both caused by the same gene

Hypoxia of the fetus

Traumatic brain injury (TBI)

Meningitis

All of the above

A baby with a very high birth weight

Seizures in mother or child

Maternal exposures to toxic substances

Both A and B

Both B and C

It is only effective if treatment sessions are scheduled weekly

It can include aquatherapy, ambulation training, or the use of assistive devices

It must be started before the child is one year old

It is rarely employed unless the child has undergone surgery for his/her condition

Ataxia

Hyper- or hypotonicity

Varying levels of paralysis

Vision, speech, or hearing deficits

All of the above

Muscle relaxants

Analgesics

Botulinium toxin (Botox)

Anti-seizure medications

All of the above

800,000

80,000

120,000

90,000

It is transmitted via female family members

It only occurs once per generation

Both parents must pass the traits to their offspring

Only males can receive the genetic trait

Flare-up

Crisis

Attack

Emergency

Overexertion or fatigue

Stress or emotional factors

Heat or cold

Infection

Pregnancy

All of the above

European and Scandinavian populations

Hispanic and African-American populations

Asian-American populations

Native peoples

None of the above; all ethnicities are affected equally

Abdominal or joint pain

Fever

Hives

A and B

B and C

70,000;80,000

1,000;1,500

20,000; 40,000

100,000; 1,000,000

Scoliosis affects girls more often than boys

Many cases of scoliosis are mild and do not cause any problems

All surgeries to treat scoliosis are very invasive

Most cases of scoliosis are of unknown cause

0.5

10

2

5

Gastrointestinal

Lymphatic

Respiratory

Integumentary

10; 20-25

15; 20-25

30; 50-60

20; 40-45

Fontaine's; Backstrom's

Duchenne's ;Becker's

Duchenne's; Lescher's

Dupeytren's; Becker's

Late teens to early adulthood; midlife

Early teens; late twenties

Midlife; late eighties

Early thirties; late teens

It affects the ability of the muscles to utilize acetylcholine

Patients suffering from muscular dystrophy commonly undergo total joint arthroplasties

It is far more prevalent in females than males

It is an X-linked recessive chromosomal trait generally carried by the mother

Trendelenburg gait

Severe muscle atrophy

Balance and ambulation difficulties

Scoliosis due to lack of muscular support

All of the above

Balance training

Aquatherapy

Breathing exercises

Lifting and transfer techniques

All of the above

Spina bifida occulta, meningocele, myelomeningocele

Spina bifida gravida, meningocele, myelomeningocele

Spina bifida occulta, myelocele, neuromyelocele

Spina bifida gravida, melanocele, myeloneurocele

Paternal exposure to Agent Orange

Maternal use of anti-seizure medication

Family history of the condition

Maternal obesity or insulin-dependent diabetes

All of the above

None of the above

In utero

Within 72 hours of birth

Any time within the child's first four months

A and B

B and C

Children with spina bifida occulta may not exhibit any signs or symptoms

Spina bifida almost always results in death within a child's first year of life

Most children with spina bifida have bowel and bladder incontinenence

Children with spina bifida are at a risk for pressure ulcers due to lack of sensation in the lower body

First

Third

Fifth

Eighth

50; 25

46; 23

48; 24

36; 18

The factor is inherited from one parent only

Each child has a 50% chance of inheriting the trait

it tends to have a total-body effect

All of the above are true

None of the above are true

Autosomal recessive conditions are more common than autosomal dominant conditions

Both parents must transmit the gene to cause a manifestation in the child

Autosomal recessive conditions are more likely to occur in areas of intermarriage

Autosomal recessive conditions only occur in males

X chromosome-linked disorders only occur in males

Females can be carriers of X chromosome-linked traits

Muscular dystrophy and hemophilia (A/B) are types of X chromosome-linked disorders

All of the above are characteristics of X chromosome-linked disorders

None of the above are characteristics of X chromosome-linked disorders