1.
Students in a middle school socialstudies class are learning about the CivilWar. They have read various historicaland fictional accounts about the peoplewho experienced the war firsthand.Which of the following activities wouldbe most likely to extend the students'understanding of the social andemotional issues surrounding the war?
Correct Answer
B. Writing historically accurate
fictional letters home from the
viewpoint of one of the soldiers
Explanation
Writing historically accurate fictional letters home from the viewpoint of one of the soldiers would be most likely to extend the students' understanding of the social and emotional issues surrounding the war. This activity would require students to empathize with the experiences and emotions of the soldiers, allowing them to gain a deeper understanding of the social and emotional impact of the war. It would also require research into the historical context, promoting a more comprehensive understanding of the time period. Additionally, the act of writing the letters would encourage critical thinking and creativity.
2.
Adolescents frequently developtheir own style of communication,embellishing their language withhyperbole and slang, and moving awayfrom the standards of speech modeledby their parents. This occurrence isbest described as an attempt to uselanguage to:
Correct Answer
D. Differentiate themselves from their
parents' social group and assimilate
into a community of their peers.
Explanation
Adolescents often develop their own style of communication as a way to differentiate themselves from their parents' social group and assimilate into a community of their peers. By using hyperbole and slang, they establish a unique way of expressing themselves that sets them apart from their parents and allows them to fit in with their peers. This behavior is a common part of adolescent development as they strive to find their own identity and establish connections with their peer group.
3.
When using gestures to help emphasizea point during a speech presented to anunfamiliar audience, it is most importantfor the speaker to understand thatgestures:
Correct Answer
A. May be interpreted differently
depending on an individual's
cultural background.
Explanation
Gestures may be interpreted differently depending on an individual's cultural background. Different cultures have different meanings and interpretations for various gestures, so it is important for the speaker to be aware of this and adjust their gestures accordingly. By understanding the cultural background of the audience, the speaker can ensure that their gestures are appropriate and effectively convey their intended message.
4.
To determine whether a fifth-gradestudent is a fluent reader, which ofthe following language skills wouldbe most important for the student todemonstrate?
Correct Answer
B. Reading a text with appropriate
intonation and no hesitations
Explanation
The most important language skill for a fifth-grade student to demonstrate in order to determine if they are a fluent reader is reading a text with appropriate intonation and no hesitations. This skill indicates that the student is able to read with proper expression and fluency, showing that they have a good understanding of the text and can read it smoothly without stumbling or pausing. Spelling high-frequency and irregular words accurately, understanding vocabulary associated with a particular field or topic, and writing paragraphs with topic sentences and supporting details are also important language skills, but they do not directly demonstrate fluency in reading.
5.
Reading aloud to children tends tosupport their reading acquisitionprimarily by:
Correct Answer
B. Exposing them to book language
and a richer oral vocabulary.
Explanation
Reading aloud to children exposes them to book language and a richer oral vocabulary. When children are read to, they are exposed to a variety of words and phrases that they may not encounter in their everyday conversations. This exposure helps to expand their vocabulary and develop their understanding of language. Additionally, hearing stories read aloud helps children to develop an appreciation for literature and storytelling, which can further support their reading acquisition.
6.
Use the sentence fragment below toanswer the question that follows.I am unable to go to the movies with himand his friends tonight, . . .Based on the stressed word in thesentence fragment above, which of thefollowing sentence completions mostaccurately interprets the speaker'smeaning?
Correct Answer
B. . . . but I may be able to go
somewhere else with him and his
friends tonight.
Explanation
The speaker is unable to go to the movies with him and his friends tonight, but suggests the possibility of going somewhere else with him and his friends instead.
7.
Which of the following sentencescontains a misplaced modifier?
Correct Answer
A. A plane landed on the runway with
a broken propeller.
Explanation
The sentence "A plane landed on the runway with a broken propeller" contains a misplaced modifier. The phrase "with a broken propeller" is modifying the runway instead of the plane. It suggests that the runway has a broken propeller, which is illogical. The modifier should be placed closer to the word it is intended to modify, such as "The plane with a broken propeller landed on the runway."
8.
Which of the following componentsof grammar determines the patternsof sound, intonation, timing, and stressin a language?
Correct Answer
D. pHonology
Explanation
Phonology is the branch of grammar that deals with the patterns of sound, intonation, timing, and stress in a language. It focuses on the study of phonemes, which are the smallest units of sound that can distinguish meaning in a language. Phonology helps to explain how sounds are organized and used in a particular language, including the rules and patterns that govern their pronunciation and use. It is essential for understanding and producing the correct sounds and rhythms of a language.
9.
Poetry characteristically relies mostheavily upon which of the following toconvey meaning?
Correct Answer
D. Figurative language and form
Explanation
Poetry is known for its use of figurative language and unique forms to convey meaning. Unlike prose, which often relies on logic and reason or narrative metamorphosis, poetry uses techniques such as metaphors, similes, symbolism, and imagery to evoke emotions and create vivid imagery. Additionally, the form of a poem, including its structure, rhyme scheme, and line breaks, can also contribute to its meaning. Therefore, figurative language and form are the primary tools that poetry employs to convey its messages and themes.
10.
Which of the following guidelinesshould teachers use when evaluatingthe quality of multicultural books forclassroom use?
Correct Answer
C. A book must accurately reflect the
culture it represents.
Explanation
Teachers should use the guideline that a book must accurately reflect the culture it represents when evaluating the quality of multicultural books for classroom use. This means that the book should provide an accurate and authentic portrayal of the culture, including its traditions, values, and perspectives. By ensuring that the book accurately represents the culture, teachers can promote understanding, respect, and appreciation for different cultures among their students.
11.
Which of the following techniquesis most likely to effectively influencean audience to accept a particularperspective?
Correct Answer
A. Appealing to the audience's intellect
and emotions
Explanation
Appealing to the audience's intellect and emotions is most likely to effectively influence an audience to accept a particular perspective. By presenting logical and rational arguments, the audience's intellect is engaged, making them more likely to consider the perspective. Additionally, appealing to their emotions helps create a personal connection and can evoke empathy, making the perspective more relatable and persuasive. Combining both intellectual and emotional appeals can create a powerful influence on the audience's acceptance of a particular perspective.
12.
Which of the following criteria is mostfrequently used to evaluate the formalcharacteristics of a literary work?
Correct Answer
C. The coherence of each part of the
work with the whole
Explanation
The most frequently used criteria to evaluate the formal characteristics of a literary work is the coherence of each part of the work with the whole. This means that the different elements of the work, such as plot, characters, and themes, should come together in a cohesive and meaningful way. A work that is coherent will have a clear structure and organization, with each part contributing to the overall meaning and impact of the work. Evaluating the coherence of a literary work helps to assess its artistic merit and effectiveness in conveying its intended message or theme.
13.
To best ensure an audience will be ableto understand the information andconcepts in an informative speech, aresponsible speaker will do which of thefollowing while preparing a speech?
Correct Answer
C. Determine the knowledge level and
goals of the audience in relation to
the subject matter of the speech.
Explanation
A responsible speaker will determine the knowledge level and goals of the audience in relation to the subject matter of the speech to ensure that the information and concepts are presented in a way that the audience can understand. This allows the speaker to tailor the speech to meet the needs and interests of the audience, making it more engaging and persuasive. By understanding the audience's existing knowledge and goals, the speaker can effectively communicate the information and concepts in a way that is relevant and meaningful to the audience.
14.
For which of the following words wouldit be most effective for a student to usestructural analysis to determine itsmeaning?
Correct Answer
B. Neurologist
Explanation
Structural analysis involves breaking down a word into its constituent parts, such as prefixes, roots, and suffixes, to determine its meaning. In the case of "neurologist," the word can be broken down into "neuro," which refers to the nervous system, and "logist," which means a specialist or practitioner. By analyzing the structure of the word, a student can infer that a neurologist is someone who specializes in the nervous system.
15.
Which of the following strategies wouldbe most effective for students to use toformulate a research topic that is narrowand focused?
Correct Answer
D. Posing the topic as a question
to be answered
Explanation
Posing the topic as a question to be answered would be the most effective strategy for students to use in formulating a narrow and focused research topic. By phrasing the topic as a question, students can clearly define what they want to investigate and what specific information they need to gather. This approach helps them stay focused and ensures that their research is directed towards finding answers to their specific question, rather than exploring a broad or general topic. Additionally, posing a question allows students to develop a clear objective for their research and helps them structure their study accordingly.
16.
Presentation software would be mosteffective for presenting information inwhich of the following contexts?
Correct Answer
C. Explaining the steps in a process
Explanation
Presentation software is designed to visually organize and present information effectively. It allows for the use of slides, graphics, and multimedia to enhance the understanding of complex processes. Therefore, it would be most effective for explaining the steps in a process, as it provides a clear and structured way to present information in a visually appealing manner.
17.
Read the letter below to a publisher; then answer the question that follows.To whom it may concern:1 I am writing to suggest a revision to the Third Edition of your anthology on children'sliterature One Before the Mast: Sailing on a Sea of Stories. 2 One of the stories, "Janey onBoard," contains images and language that are biased against girls.3 In this story, the girls are always described as cute and sweet. 4 They all wear pink or pastel colored clothing, and are described with weak, passive language. 5 In contrast, the boys aredescribed as tough and strong, and are usually described with bold, active language. 6 WhileI realize an author may sometimes make this choice in order to prove a particular point, thisis not the case in this story. 7 Rather, the author simply lacks sensitivity to gender bias.8 I think it is crucial to children's development for boys and girls to be treated equally,especially in literature. 9 Frankly, I am surprised to encounter this kind of bias in a highqualitypublication such as yours, and am disappointed to find this story among so manyother good ones. 10 My favorite was the trilogy about the mermaid's adventures among thewhales, which reminded me of dreams I had as a child vacationing with my family by thesea. 11 Please consider eliminating "Janey on Board" from your next edition. Thank you.Which of the following sentencesinterferes with the development of themain point in this passage?
Correct Answer
D. Sentence 10
Explanation
Sentence 10 interferes with the development of the main point in this passage. The main point of the passage is to suggest a revision to the anthology due to biased language and imagery against girls in the story "Janey on Board." However, sentence 10 deviates from this main point and instead discusses the author's favorite story from the anthology, which is unrelated to the issue of gender bias.
18.
Which of the following types ofsoftware is most likely to be useful increating a printed media product thatcontains both text and graphics?
Correct Answer
B. Desktop publishing software
Explanation
Desktop publishing software is the most likely to be useful in creating a printed media product that contains both text and graphics. This type of software is specifically designed for creating and formatting documents that combine text and visual elements, such as brochures, newsletters, and magazines. It provides various tools and features for arranging and manipulating text, images, and other graphical elements, allowing users to create professional-looking printed materials.
19.
For the purpose of self-reflection, whichof the following questions would bemost important for students to considerwhen they select the pieces to save intheir developmental portfolio?
Correct Answer
D. What does this piece show about
what I have been learning?
Explanation
This question is the most important for students to consider when selecting pieces for their developmental portfolio because it encourages self-reflection and assessment of their learning progress. By evaluating what the piece demonstrates about their learning, students can gain insight into their strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement. This question also allows students to showcase their growth and development over time, which is essential for a comprehensive developmental portfolio.
20.
During an open house at an elementaryschool, a fourth-grade teacher is askedwhy students in his class save work withmechanical errors in their portfolios. Topromote a greater understanding of theportfolio process, it would be mostimportant for the teacher to pointout that:
Correct Answer
A. Portfolio pieces provide a
picture of a student's learning
at a particular point during the
school year.
Explanation
The teacher should point out that portfolio pieces provide a picture of a student's learning at a particular point during the school year. This explanation would help promote a greater understanding of the portfolio process by emphasizing that the purpose of the portfolio is to showcase the progress and growth of the students over time. It also highlights the importance of including work with mechanical errors, as it reflects the student's learning journey and allows for reflection and improvement.