Hidden EP Quiz No.12
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- 1.
These are areas of less than 500 people per km2 whose inhabitants are primarily engaged in agriculture or in extraction of raw materials, with dwellings which are spaced widely apart and often with little or no services or utilities
- A.
Tribe
- B.
Purok
- C.
Provincial
- D.
Rural
- E.
Hamlet
Correct Answer
D. RuralExplanation
Rural areas are characterized by a low population density of less than 500 people per km2. The inhabitants of rural areas are primarily engaged in agriculture or the extraction of raw materials. In these areas, dwellings are widely spaced apart and often lack basic services or utilities.Rate this question:
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- 2.
This refers to the unprecedented phenomenon occurring in megacities wherein the rate of increase of local population overwhelms the natural 'carrying capacity' of cities as ecosystems and outpaces the 'caring capacity' of city institutions in terms of resources and personnel to address complex problems.
- A.
Metropolitanization
- B.
Conurbation
- C.
Hyper-Urbanization
- D.
False or Pseudo-Urbanization
Correct Answer
C. Hyper-UrbanizationExplanation
Hyper-Urbanization refers to the phenomenon where the rate of population growth in megacities surpasses the capacity of the cities to handle the increasing population. This includes both the natural carrying capacity of the city's ecosystems and the capacity of city institutions to provide resources and personnel to address the complex problems that arise from rapid urbanization. In hyper-urbanization, cities become overwhelmed by the population growth, leading to various challenges and issues related to infrastructure, housing, transportation, and social services.Rate this question:
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- 3.
A direct result of leapfrog' or 'checkerboard' development, this phenomenon irreversibly converts rural space into urban space even before the populations meant to use it could be present
- A.
Anticipatory Development
- B.
Premature Urbanization
- C.
Commercialization
- D.
Upscale Zoning
Correct Answer
B. Premature UrbanizationExplanation
Premature urbanization refers to the rapid and unplanned conversion of rural areas into urban spaces before the necessary infrastructure and population are in place. This phenomenon often occurs as a result of leapfrog or checkerboard development, where urbanization skips over certain areas and occurs in a sporadic and disjointed manner. Premature urbanization can have negative consequences such as inadequate housing, overburdened infrastructure, and social and environmental issues.Rate this question:
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- 4.
In causal order, which should come first in this series or chain of intertwined, multi-dimensional problems?
- A.
Climate Change
- B.
Unmanaged Population Growth
- C.
Poverty
- D.
Land Use Changes
- E.
Pollution and Environmental Degradation
- F.
Carbon Footprint
Correct Answer
B. Unmanaged Population GrowthExplanation
Unmanaged Population Growth should come first in this series or chain of intertwined, multi-dimensional problems because it is the root cause of several other issues mentioned in the list. Uncontrolled population growth puts pressure on resources, leads to increased pollution and environmental degradation, contributes to poverty, and exacerbates climate change through increased carbon footprint. Therefore, addressing population growth is crucial in order to effectively tackle the other problems in the chain.Rate this question:
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- 5.
According to David Satterthwaite, 95% of deaths and serious injuries from major disasters in the period 1950-2007 occurred in low-income to middle-income countries, and 90% of these deaths happened to the poorest people. Which conclusion is supported by this information?
- A.
Poverty which means low income and low education, is the major cause of disaster
- B.
Countries in typhoon belts and Ring-of-Fire region of the world tend to be poor because of frequent disasters
- C.
Poverty and its physical dimensions, i.e. location of homes and livelihoods, increases people's vulnerability to disaster
- D.
The poorer a country, the higher the illiteracy rate, hence the less informed and less prepared people tend to be.
Correct Answer
C. Poverty and its pHysical dimensions, i.e. location of homes and livelihoods, increases people's vulnerability to disasterExplanation
The information provided states that 95% of deaths and serious injuries from major disasters occurred in low-income to middle-income countries, and 90% of these deaths happened to the poorest people. This suggests that poverty, along with its physical dimensions such as the location of homes and livelihoods, increases people's vulnerability to disaster. This conclusion is supported by the fact that the majority of deaths and injuries occur in low-income areas and among the poorest individuals.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Settlements in high-risk zones; buildings on natural wetlands; rivers and waterways used as sewers; recurrent shortages of food, water and power; segments of idle prime land pockmark the city center; lack of distinctive city image and coherent urban form, all taken together, are manifestations of -
- A.
Population Explosion
- B.
Disaster Management
- C.
Splattered Development
- D.
Unmanaged Urbanization
Correct Answer
D. Unmanaged UrbanizationExplanation
The given statement describes various problems and issues that are commonly associated with unmanaged urbanization. Settlements in high-risk zones, buildings on natural wetlands, and rivers used as sewers are all examples of poor planning and lack of proper management in urban areas. The recurrent shortages of food, water, and power indicate the strain on resources due to rapid and unplanned urbanization. The presence of idle prime land in the city center suggests a lack of effective land use policies. Overall, these manifestations point towards the negative consequences of unmanaged urbanization.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Dr Edward L Glaeser of Harvard University (1995, 2003) correlates 'urban development with 'democratization' in the following observations. Which statement pertains the most to so-called 'annihilation of space' in urban areas?
- A.
Information travels at high-speed in cities; transactions between producers and consumers are faster; cities practically eliminate the transport cost of moving ideas, goods, and people
- B.
Cities facilitate human contact and social connection; the demand for cities is fueled by the demand for interaction
- C.
Because people in cities have high level of awareness, it is much harder for rulers to be despotic or tyrannical
- D.
Ineffective governments find it much harder to ignore mass poverty & other social problems in cities than in the countryside
- E.
Revolutions, labor uprisings, and riots are usually born and bred in cities
Correct Answer
A. Information travels at high-speed in cities; transactions between producers and consumers are faster; cities practically eliminate the transport cost of moving ideas, goods, and peopleExplanation
The answer pertains to the concept of "annihilation of space" in urban areas because it highlights the idea that cities eliminate the cost and time associated with transporting ideas, goods, and people. This means that information can travel quickly and transactions between producers and consumers can happen faster in cities, leading to a more efficient and interconnected urban environment.Rate this question:
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- 8.
He formulated the Basic Laws of Ecology in layman's vernacular (National Geographic, 1970) as follows: "Nature knows best." "There is no such thing as a free lunch." "Everything is connected to everything else." 'We can never do merely one thing." "Everything goes somewhere." ''There's no 'away' to throw to."
- A.
John Holdren
- B.
Dr. Francis Stuart Chapin Jr.
- C.
Dr. Barry Commoner
- D.
Dr. Eugene Pleasants Odum
Correct Answer
C. Dr. Barry CommonerExplanation
Dr. Barry Commoner is the correct answer because he is the one who formulated the Basic Laws of Ecology in layman's vernacular. The laws he formulated, such as "Nature knows best" and "Everything is connected to everything else," reflect his understanding of the interconnectedness and complexity of ecological systems. His work emphasized the importance of considering the environmental impacts of human actions and the need for sustainable practices.Rate this question:
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- 9.
In contrast to the environmentalism which highlights 'community' and 'communitarian' solutions, this type of environmentalism centers on respect for all lifeforms in an atomistic or species-centered manner, such that humans would be on equal moral footing with sentient animals like pets and non-sentient organisms like plants, insects, etc.
- A.
Eco-centrism
- B.
Bio-centrism
- C.
Anthropo-centrism
- D.
Geo-centrism
Correct Answer
B. Bio-centrismExplanation
Bio-centrism is the correct answer because it aligns with the description provided. Bio-centrism focuses on the respect for all lifeforms, including both sentient animals and non-sentient organisms. It considers humans to be on equal moral footing with other living beings, such as pets, plants, and insects. This perspective places a strong emphasis on the value and importance of all forms of life, rather than prioritizing human interests or the community as a whole.Rate this question:
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- 10.
They are inveterate optimists who believe that "necessity is the mother of invention" and hence they assert that all environmental problems can be solved by ever-advancing science and technology, and limitless human knowledge.
- A.
Cornucopians
- B.
Soroptimists
- C.
Utopians
- D.
Dystopians
Correct Answer
A. CornucopiansExplanation
The correct answer is Cornucopians. Cornucopians are individuals who believe in the abundance of resources and the ability of technology and human knowledge to solve environmental problems. They have an optimistic view and believe that necessity drives invention and innovation. They believe that with advancements in science and technology, all environmental problems can be solved.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which principle of 'Sustainable Development' most directly supports the saying "Think Global, Act Local."
- A.
Principle of Subsidiarity
- B.
Polluter Pays Principle
- C.
Common but Differentiated Responsibilities
- D.
Duty to Care and Not Cause Environmental Hann
Correct Answer
A. Principle of SubsidiarityExplanation
The principle of subsidiarity supports the saying "Think Global, Act Local" because it suggests that decisions and actions should be taken at the lowest appropriate level. In the context of sustainable development, this means that while global cooperation and coordination are important, the responsibility for implementing sustainable practices and making environmentally conscious choices lies primarily with local communities and individuals. This principle encourages individuals to consider the global impact of their actions, but also emphasizes the importance of taking action at the local level to achieve sustainable development goals.Rate this question:
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- 12.
According to theorists of 'Social Development' and 'Sustainable Development,' what is the relationship between the concepts of 'Growth' and 'Development'?
- A.
These two realities are essentially similar, hence, interchangeable in use
- B.
Growth refers to the entire macro-economy while development refers to people and society
- C.
Growth is a pre-condition to development but not enough in itself; it is necessary but not sufficient condition
- D.
Growth is merely quantitative while development is thoroughly qualitative
- E.
Growth is indicated by income and infrastructure, while development is indicated by tranquility, peace and order
Correct Answer
C. Growth is a pre-condition to development but not enough in itself; it is necessary but not sufficient conditionExplanation
The correct answer suggests that growth is a necessary condition for development, but it is not enough on its own. This means that economic growth, such as an increase in income and infrastructure, is important for development, but it is not the only factor. Development also includes qualitative aspects such as tranquility, peace, and order, indicating that it involves societal and individual well-being beyond just economic indicators.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The following are the central questions of planning and management. Which question seeks to determine efficacy or success of a chosen option or course of action?
- A.
"where are we now?"
- B.
"where are we going?"
- C.
"where do we want to be?"
- D.
"how do we get there?"
- E.
''what resources de we need to get there?"
- F.
"how do we know if it is working?"
Correct Answer
F. "how do we know if it is working?"Explanation
The question "how do we know if it is working?" seeks to determine the efficacy or success of a chosen option or course of action. It focuses on evaluating the progress and outcomes of the chosen option to determine if it is achieving the desired results. This question is crucial in the planning and management process as it allows for monitoring and assessment of the effectiveness of the chosen approach.Rate this question:
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- 14.
In what sense does 'professional planning' differ from 'generic,' 'common-sensical,' or 'everyday' planning?
- A.
There is no difference because planning is 'ubiquitous' and can be done by anyone, anytime, anywhere.
- B.
Professional planning has scope and goals that transcend one person ·or group·while generic planning is essentially action-planning on familiar problems with much latitude for personal flexibility.
- C.
Professional planning examines only the "natural. environment" while Business Planning considers both "policy environment" and "market environment."
- D.
Object of Professional Planning is "society and nature" while beneficiary of everyday planning is 'oneself.'
Correct Answer
B. Professional planning has scope and goals that transcend one person ·or group·while generic planning is essentially action-planning on familiar problems with much latitude for personal flexibility.Explanation
Professional planning differs from generic, common-sensical, or everyday planning because it has a broader scope and goals that go beyond the individual or a specific group. Generic planning is focused on action-planning for familiar problems and allows for personal flexibility. In contrast, professional planning considers larger issues and involves planning for society and nature. It takes into account the policy and market environment, whereas everyday planning primarily benefits oneself.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which school of thought maintains that planners should abandon their presumed neutral stance and instead adopt the side of 'the poor and the disadvantaged' to demand for corrective or remedial measures from the State and from the Market through 'pressure from below' by way of conflict confrontation, creative mass actions and backroomnegotiations?
- A.
Equity or Activist or Advocacy Planning
- B.
Communicative Planning
- C.
Liberal Pluralistic Planning
- D.
Disjointed lncrementalism
Correct Answer
A. Equity or Activist or Advocacy PlanningExplanation
Equity or Activist or Advocacy Planning is the school of thought that maintains that planners should abandon their presumed neutral stance and instead adopt the side of 'the poor and the disadvantaged' to demand for corrective or remedial measures from the State and from the Market through 'pressure from below' by way of conflict confrontation, creative mass actions, and backroom negotiations. This approach emphasizes the need for planners to actively advocate for social justice and equity in planning processes and outcomes.Rate this question:
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- 16.
These thinkers started the 'school of transactive planning' which later advocated the radical /critical notion that planning should smash myths and mobilize people to change structures of domination and subjugation in society.
- A.
Francis Stuart Chapin, George Chadwick, Rexford Tugwell
- B.
Norman Krumholtz, John Friedman
- C.
Paul Plumberg, Carole Paterman, Paul Bernstein
- D.
Charfes Lindbloom, Robert Dahl, Mel Webber
Correct Answer
B. Norman Krumholtz, John FriedmanExplanation
Norman Krumholtz and John Friedman are the correct answer because they were part of the 'school of transactive planning' that advocated for radical and critical planning. This approach aimed to challenge and dismantle structures of domination and subjugation in society. The other options do not align with this specific school of thought.Rate this question:
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- 17.
According to David Harvey and Ray Pahl, planning is less a means for urban renewal, but more of "an agent of change and development in its own right, linked to alternative theories of the city that seek to address poverty and inequality. Planners should be regarded as creators of urban space, not merely value-neutral arbiters of development proposals.
- A.
Critical/radical planning
- B.
Communicative planning
- C.
Liberal planning
- D.
Activist planning
Correct Answer
A. Critical/radical planningExplanation
According to David Harvey and Ray Pahl, planning is seen as an agent of change and development that aims to address poverty and inequality. Planners are viewed as creators of urban space and not just neutral decision-makers. This perspective aligns with the principles of critical/radical planning, which emphasizes the need for social justice and challenging existing power structures in urban development. Therefore, the correct answer is critical/radical planning.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Strategic Planning as described by Henry Mintzberg is called 'Innovative Planning' for following reasons except one
- A.
because, as in strategies and tactics, a plan has to be calculating and even Machiavellian
- B.
Because it seeks to introduce a novel goal, product, process, or pattern
- C.
Because it centers on organizational 'fitness' to create or shape change
- D.
Because it mobilizes the whole organization to move towards a new direction
Correct Answer
A. because, as in strategies and tactics, a plan has to be calculating and even MachiavellianExplanation
The given answer is incorrect because it states that a plan has to be calculating and even Machiavellian, which is not a reason why Strategic Planning is called 'Innovative Planning' according to Henry Mintzberg. The other options provide valid reasons for why Strategic Planning is called 'Innovative Planning' such as introducing a novel goal, product, process, or pattern, focusing on organizational 'fitness' to create or shape change, and mobilizing the whole organization towards a new direction.Rate this question:
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- 19.
According to Karl Wittfogel's 'Hydraulic Civilization' model of Urbanization (1957), what would explain the emergence in Antiquity (40 00-200 BCE) of the earliest cities also known as 'necropolis' and temple-towns?
- A.
Irrigation for farms revolutionized both economic production and social organization as it resulted in food surplus. which necessitated large storage warehouses in preparation for war or drought
- B.
Strongman rule was hastened by the need to distribute water for irrigation and to ration food.
- C.
With abundant food, classes of non-farming workers emerged which eventually led to "division of labor" and "occupational specialization.·
- D.
City-building centered on immortalizing kings and heroes in godlike worship through grandiose monuments, tombs, funeraries, pyramids, mausoleums, shrines, altars, temples, ziggurats, obelisks, etc.
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the aboveExplanation
The emergence of the earliest cities in Antiquity can be explained by a combination of factors. Irrigation for farms played a crucial role in revolutionizing economic production and social organization by creating a surplus of food. This surplus necessitated the construction of large storage warehouses to prepare for times of war or drought. Additionally, the need to distribute water for irrigation and ration food led to the rise of strongman rule. With an abundance of food, non-farming workers emerged, leading to the division of labor and occupational specialization. Lastly, city-building focused on immortalizing kings and heroes through grandiose monuments and temples. Therefore, all of the above factors contributed to the emergence of the earliest cities.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Dr Gideon Sjoberg (1933) claims that cultural exchange from overland trade and commerce in pre-industrial ear fostered the formation of cities, as literate individuals, craftsmen, and tool-makers came together to debate and test each other's ideas. Competition among non-farming specialists gave birth to the 'scientific method' as well as to technological advances m plant cultivation and animal breeding.
- A.
Acculturation and lnculturation
- B.
Socio-Cultural Theory of Urbanization
- C.
Diffusion of Technology Information
- D.
The Scientific Revolution
Correct Answer
B. Socio-Cultural Theory of UrbanizationExplanation
The explanation for the correct answer, Socio-Cultural Theory of Urbanization, is that Dr. Gideon Sjoberg argues that cultural exchange through trade and commerce in pre-industrial times led to the formation of cities. This exchange brought together literate individuals, craftsmen, and tool-makers who would share and challenge each other's ideas. The competition among non-farming specialists in these cities gave rise to the scientific method and technological advancements in agriculture. This theory suggests that urbanization is a result of the social and cultural interactions that occur in cities.Rate this question:
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- 21.
What theory of urbanization by RL Carneiro (1970) best explains 'Fortress Cities' during the Dark Ages 476-800AD?
- A.
Urbanization was hastened by cultural exchange resu!ting from overland trade caravans
- B.
People settled together around strategic places which could benefit from maritime trade.
- C.
Strongman rule was necessitated in order io distribute water foi iirigation
- D.
After the collapse of army-based imperial government, people had to congregate in cities for better protection from plunderers and marauders.
Correct Answer
D. After the collapse of army-based imperial government, people had to congregate in cities for better protection from plunderers and marauders.Explanation
The theory of urbanization by RL Carneiro (1970) suggests that during the Dark Ages, the collapse of the army-based imperial government led to people congregating in cities for better protection from plunderers and marauders. This explanation aligns with Carneiro's theory that urbanization occurs as a response to external threats and the need for security. In this case, the lack of a centralized authority and the presence of lawlessness in the aftermath of the collapse led people to seek safety in fortified cities.Rate this question:
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- 22.
2,500 'Cathedral Towns' during the Middle Ages 800-1440 AD showcased the ascendancy of the Church in all affairs whether religious or secular, and these medieval cities displayed the following physical characteristics except one:
- A.
Narrow, twisty, irregular street radiating from the main center (radiocentric)
- B.
Congestion was common; infrastructure for garbage and sewage was absent; sanitation was poor;
- C.
Vulnerable to epidemics such as bubonic plague. cholera, typhoid fever, scarlet fever, etc.
- D.
Loss of privacy due to overcrowding resulted in loose sexual morals of the population
Correct Answer
D. Loss of privacy due to overcrowding resulted in loose sexual morals of the populationExplanation
During the Middle Ages, Cathedral Towns showcased the dominance of the Church in all aspects of life. These cities had narrow, twisty, irregular streets radiating from the center, and were often congested with poor sanitation infrastructure, making them vulnerable to epidemics. However, the given answer states that the loss of privacy due to overcrowding resulted in loose sexual morals of the population. This statement is not supported by the information provided in the explanation.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Outside the walls of Medieval towns and cities, land was used collectively and defined as follows: 'common of pasture,' 'common of turbary,' 'common of piscary,' 'common of estovers,' and 'common of soil.' Which one refers to everyone's right to take fish, game, or fowl from communal land?
- A.
Common of pasture
- B.
Common of piscary
- C.
Common of soil
- D.
Common of turbary
Correct Answer
B. Common of piscaryExplanation
Common of piscary refers to everyone's right to take fish, game, or fowl from communal land.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Except for one city below, 'Mercantile Cities' during the Renaissance period served as trading ports for overseas commerce and played key role in the accumulation of gold and silver by European monarchies and principalities.
- A.
Venice, Italy
- B.
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- C.
Dortmund, Germany
- D.
Lisbon, Portugal
Correct Answer
C. Dortmund, GermanyExplanation
During the Renaissance period, Mercantile Cities were important trading ports for overseas commerce and were instrumental in the accumulation of gold and silver by European monarchies and principalities. However, Dortmund, Germany is the exception to this trend. It was not a significant mercantile city during this time and did not play a major role in overseas trade or the accumulation of wealth.Rate this question:
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- 25.
According to Max Weber in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904), what was the key factor in transition for mercantile economies controlled by European monarchies to profit-driven individual enterprise or laissez faire?
- A.
endemic corruption in highly structured Catholic society made people less imaginative and less entrepreneurial
- B.
Early Protestants generally emphasized hardwork, simplicity, thrift, discipline, savings, & re-investment of savings
- C.
Royal treasuries went bankrupt due to Catholics' culture of excess, lavish celebrations, overindulgence, etc.
- D.
Protestants work without the baggage of Seven Capital Sins such as greed, avarice, envy, lust, gluttony, etc.
Correct Answer
B. Early Protestants generally empHasized hardwork, simplicity, thrift, discipline, savings, & re-investment of savingsExplanation
According to Max Weber, the key factor in the transition from mercantile economies controlled by European monarchies to profit-driven individual enterprise or laissez faire was the emphasis on certain values and behaviors by early Protestants. They generally emphasized hard work, simplicity, thrift, discipline, savings, and the re-investment of savings. These values and behaviors promoted a more entrepreneurial spirit and a focus on individual profit, which contributed to the shift towards profit-driven capitalism.Rate this question:
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- 26.
The first grid-iron orthogonal street pattern in continental America was designed in 1682 by
- A.
William Penn for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- B.
Pierre Charles L'Enfant for Washington DC
- C.
Peter Minuit for Manhattan Island, New York
- D.
John Winthrop for Trimountaine, Boston Common
Correct Answer
A. William Penn for pHiladelpHia, PennsylvaniaExplanation
William Penn is credited with designing the first grid-iron orthogonal street pattern in continental America for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This street pattern consists of a grid of streets intersecting at right angles, creating a system of squares and blocks. This design was innovative for its time and has since become a common layout for many cities in the United States.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Before the rise of 'scientific socialism' based on concept of class-struggle, 'normative or Utopian socialism' based on Christian values was showcased by this philanthropist in New Lanark, Scotland (1799) where excellent working conditions, decent housing, and cheap services for the working class increased productivity and profit. Its founder was lateracknowledged as the father of the cooperative movement.
- A.
Robert Owen
- B.
John Cadbury
- C.
James Buckingham
- D.
Sir Christopher Wren
Correct Answer
A. Robert OwenExplanation
Robert Owen is the correct answer because he was a philanthropist who showcased normative or Utopian socialism in New Lanark, Scotland in 1799. He believed in improving working conditions, providing decent housing, and offering cheap services for the working class, which ultimately increased productivity and profit. He is also recognized as the father of the cooperative movement.Rate this question:
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- 28.
The milestone that marked the start of the Industrial Age in 1769 and changed the primary mode of economic production was
- A.
Discovery of crude oil, coal, and gas fuels
- B.
Invention of steam engine as source of power
- C.
Invention of printing press to propagate scientific knowledge
- D.
Invention of trains, trams, and rail for faster movement of goods
Correct Answer
B. Invention of steam engine as source of powerExplanation
The invention of the steam engine as a source of power marked the start of the Industrial Age in 1769. This invention revolutionized the mode of economic production by providing a more efficient and reliable source of power for factories and machinery. The steam engine allowed for the mechanization of various industries, leading to increased productivity and the development of new manufacturing processes. This milestone played a crucial role in shaping the Industrial Age and setting the stage for further advancements in technology and industrialization.Rate this question:
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- 29.
At the start of 19th century industrialization in England before the emergence of full-fledged professional planners, who were the earliest urban planning practitioners who addressed city-wide problems including 'germ versus filth' dilemma?
- A.
Microbiologists, biochemists, pharmacists
- B.
Shelter specialists, housing developers, contractors
- C.
Industrial engineers, machine engineers, civil engineers
- D.
Doctors, epidemiologists, sanitarians, public health personnel
Correct Answer
D. Doctors, epidemiologists, sanitarians, public health personnelExplanation
At the start of the 19th century, before the emergence of professional planners, the earliest urban planning practitioners who addressed city-wide problems including the 'germ versus filth' dilemma were doctors, epidemiologists, sanitarians, and public health personnel. These individuals had knowledge and expertise in understanding and combating diseases, as well as improving public health conditions in urban areas. They played a crucial role in identifying and implementing measures to address issues related to sanitation, hygiene, and disease prevention in cities during that time.Rate this question:
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- 30.
In 1907, what university offered the first academic degree course in city planning under its landscape architecture department, which program later spun of to become the first ever school of planning in 1929.
- A.
Oxford University
- B.
Harvard University
- C.
Cambridge University
- D.
University of Heidelberg
Correct Answer
B. Harvard UniversityExplanation
Harvard University offered the first academic degree course in city planning under its landscape architecture department in 1907. This program later became the first ever school of planning in 1929.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Among the City Beautiful Movement planners, he was the earliest to articulate the principles of urban design in "City Planning According to Artistic Principles" (1889)
- A.
Camilo Sitte
- B.
Lldefons Cerda
- C.
Lucio Costa
- D.
Oscar Niemeyer
- E.
William Burtey Griffin
Correct Answer
A. Camilo SitteExplanation
Camilo Sitte was the earliest among the City Beautiful Movement planners to articulate the principles of urban design in his book "City Planning According to Artistic Principles" published in 1889. This suggests that Sitte was one of the pioneers in the field of urban design and his ideas and principles laid the foundation for future planners and architects.Rate this question:
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- 32.
A town is a tool for free man to overcome chaos and lack of order. A city is the grip of man upon nature.Geometry is the means whereby we perceive the external world and express the world within us.Geometry is the foundation.Machinery is the result of geometry.The age in which we live is therefore essentially a geometric one. Town Planning demands uniformity in detail and a sense of movement in general layout ."
- A.
Gordon Cullen
- B.
Le Corbusier
- C.
Aldo Rossi
- D.
Thomas Sharp
- E.
Roy Worskett
Correct Answer
B. Le CorbusierExplanation
Le Corbusier is the correct answer because the statement "A city is the grip of man upon nature" aligns with his architectural philosophy. Le Corbusier believed in the rationalization of urban planning and the use of geometric forms to create functional and efficient cities. He emphasized the control of nature through the organization of space and the use of modern technology. His ideas greatly influenced the development of urban planning and architecture in the 20th century.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Which of the following valid critiques of Le Corbusier's (CharlesEdouard Jeanneret) modernist city design pertains to the so-called 'spatial paradox'?
- A.
Architectural determinism or the belief that physical design and visual aesthetics are sufficient to address the basic problems of population.
- B.
Devoid of thorough studies on demographic, social, economic, and transport aspects
- C.
Goal to decongest the city by increasing congestion at its core.
- D.
Rejection of historic precedents as inspiration for overall design
- E.
Lack of humanscale as uniform tall structures tend to be disorienting while extremely-vast open spaces look inhospitable to humans
Correct Answer
C. Goal to decongest the city by increasing congestion at its core.Explanation
The correct answer is the goal to decongest the city by increasing congestion at its core. This critique suggests that Le Corbusier's modernist city design aimed to alleviate congestion in the city by concentrating it in the central area. However, this approach can actually lead to an increase in congestion and overcrowding in the core, which goes against the goal of decongestion.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Which of the following features does not describe the New Town concept of Clarence Stein as showcased at Radbum, New Jersey; Columbia, Maryland; Greenbelt, Maryland; Greenhills, Ohio; Greendale, Wisconsin; and Greenbrook NJ?
- A.
Huge manufacturing firm at the center
- B.
separation between pedestrian traffic and motor traffic
- C.
green spaces which are interconnected
- D.
Series of superblocks
- E.
Prior land assembly
- F.
Neighborhood clusters
Correct Answer
A. Huge manufacturing firm at the center -
- 35.
The planner who said that survey is a requisite for planning in the famous framework Survey-Analysis Plan was
- A.
Demogriphus
- B.
Herodotus
- C.
Geddes
- D.
Pericles
Correct Answer
C. GeddesExplanation
In the famous framework Survey-Analysis Plan, Geddes is the planner who emphasized the importance of conducting a survey as a prerequisite for effective planning. This suggests that Geddes recognized the value of gathering data and understanding the current situation before making informed decisions and formulating a comprehensive plan. By conducting a survey, planners can gather valuable insights, identify potential challenges, and tailor their plans to the specific needs and preferences of the community or target audience. Geddes' emphasis on the survey highlights the significance of evidence-based planning and the importance of understanding the context in which planning takes place.Rate this question:
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- 36.
'Social Engineering' refers to
- A.
Designing and building social facilities and infrastructure for the public
- B.
Manipulating age, sex, ethnicity, and other demographic factors of social groups
- C.
Implementing service-oriented social programs to marginalized social sectors
- D.
Changing values, mindsets, habits, and behaviors of people towards desired societal goals
Correct Answer
D. Changing values, mindsets, habits, and behaviors of people towards desired societal goalsExplanation
Social engineering refers to the manipulation and influencing of people's values, mindsets, habits, and behaviors in order to achieve certain societal goals. It involves tactics such as persuasion, deception, and manipulation to change the way individuals think and act. The aim is to shape society by altering people's attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors towards a desired outcome. This can be done through various means, including propaganda, education, advertising, and social influence.Rate this question:
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- 37.
"Sierra Club" is to John Muir, "Audubon Society" to John James Audubon, "Living Earth" to Eugene Ple.asants Odum, "Spaceship Earth" to Kenneth Boulding, and "Gaia-Mother Earth" is to.
- A.
James Lovelock
- B.
Henry David Thoreau
- C.
Delfin Ganapin
- D.
Ame Naess
Correct Answer
A. James LovelockExplanation
The given question is asking for the person who is associated with the term "Gaia-Mother Earth". The term "Gaia-Mother Earth" is commonly associated with James Lovelock. James Lovelock is a British scientist and environmentalist who proposed the Gaia hypothesis, which suggests that the Earth is a self-regulating system. This term reflects Lovelock's belief in the interconnectedness and interdependence of all living organisms on Earth.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Dr William Rees coined this concept in 1992 to approximate the amount of productive space, measured in terms of global hectare (gha) per capita, needed to sustain a population which consumes food, water, energy, building materials -etc end requires the sink functions of Nature for human waste and pollution.
- A.
Land-population ratio
- B.
Consumer price index
- C.
index of environmental impact
- D.
Ecological footprint
Correct Answer
D. Ecological footprintExplanation
The concept of ecological footprint, coined by Dr William Rees in 1992, is a measure of the amount of productive space needed to sustain a population's consumption of resources and disposal of waste. It is measured in terms of global hectare (gha) per capita and takes into account various factors such as food, water, energy, building materials, and pollution. The ecological footprint is a comprehensive index that reflects the environmental impact of a population's lifestyle and consumption patterns.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Considered as the father of wildlife ecology, he advocated in 1948 a "personal land ethic" for humans to become 'stewards of the land' and member-citizens of land-community rather than its conquerors or dominators.
- A.
Karol Wojtyla or 'John Paul II'
- B.
Ralph Waldo Emerson
- C.
Henry Wright
- D.
Aldo Leopold
Correct Answer
D. Aldo LeopoldExplanation
Aldo Leopold is considered the father of wildlife ecology and in 1948, he advocated for a "personal land ethic" for humans. This ethic encourages individuals to become stewards of the land and view themselves as members of the land-community, rather than conquerors or dominators. Leopold's ideas were influential in shaping the modern environmental movement and promoting a more sustainable and harmonious relationship between humans and the natural world.Rate this question:
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- 40.
The major objective of 'New Urbanism' movement identified with Jane Jacobs, Leon Krier, Andres Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, et al. is to
- A.
Rebuild the architectural fayade of old cities using post-modern methods and technologies
- B.
Revitalize urban communities by creating centers' and by reviving traditional civic values
- C.
Design gated subdivisions as urban collage and multi-ethnic tapestry
- D.
Integrate development of both urban and rural areas in order to save as much farmland as possible
Correct Answer
B. Revitalize urban communities by creating centers' and by reviving traditional civic valuesExplanation
The objective of the 'New Urbanism' movement, associated with Jane Jacobs, Leon Krier, Andres Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, et al., is to revitalize urban communities by creating centers and by reviving traditional civic values. This means focusing on improving and rejuvenating urban areas by creating vibrant and inclusive community centers and promoting traditional values that foster a sense of community and belonging. This approach aims to enhance the quality of life in urban areas and create sustainable, livable communities.Rate this question:
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- 41.
The critique of 'New Urbanism' against so-called 'Gentrification' or upscaling of inner-city neighborhoods was
- A.
The latter is more interested in new businesses than in community rebuilding; hence soul-less and centerness
- B.
The latter leads to the exclusion of low-income groups
- C.
the latter does not create mixed communities of varied socio-economic & demographic groups
- D.
All of the choices
Correct Answer
D. All of the choicesExplanation
The critique of 'New Urbanism' against so-called 'Gentrification' or upscaling of inner-city neighborhoods includes multiple reasons. Firstly, it argues that the focus of gentrification is on attracting new businesses rather than rebuilding the community, resulting in a soul-less and centerness environment. Secondly, gentrification leads to the exclusion of low-income groups as the cost of living and housing prices increase. Lastly, it suggests that gentrification does not create mixed communities of varied socio-economic and demographic groups. Therefore, all of the choices mentioned in the question are valid critiques of gentrification.Rate this question:
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- 42.
The following planners were most concerned about "human scale and the social usage of urban space"
- A.
David Harvey, Manuel Castells, Ray Pahl
- B.
Jane Jacobs, Kevin Lynch, William H. Whyte
- C.
Robert Moses, William Levitt, Richard King Mellon
- D.
T J Kent, Edwin c. Banfield, Albert Z. Guttenberg
Correct Answer
B. Jane Jacobs, Kevin Lynch, William H. WhyteExplanation
Jane Jacobs, Kevin Lynch, and William H. Whyte were most concerned about "human scale and the social usage of urban space." These planners focused on creating cities and urban environments that were designed with the needs and experiences of individuals in mind. They emphasized the importance of creating walkable neighborhoods, promoting social interaction, and ensuring that urban spaces were accessible and enjoyable for all. Their work challenged the top-down, large-scale planning approaches of figures like Robert Moses and William Levitt, and instead advocated for a more bottom-up, community-centered approach to urban planning.Rate this question:
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- 43.
During the period 1565-1896, the urban control points designated by the Spanish colonial government were the
- A.
alcaldias y pueblos
- B.
barrios y sitios
- C.
Haciendas y villas
- D.
cabeceras y poblaciones
Correct Answer
D. cabeceras y poblacionesExplanation
During the period 1565-1896, the Spanish colonial government designated the urban control points as "cabeceras y poblaciones". This means that the main centers or administrative hubs of the colonial government were the cabeceras, which were the main towns or cities, and the poblaciones, which were the smaller settlements or villages. These control points were strategically chosen by the Spanish government to establish their authority and maintain control over the urban areas in their colonial territories.Rate this question:
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- 44.
During the Spanish colonial period, there were four major forms of land tenure or land holding. Which one refers to the right of a 'servant' of Spanish Crown to collect tribute from residents of a territory without any ownership claim over that territory?
- A.
'friar lands'
- B.
'encomiendas'
- C.
'haciendas'
- D.
'townships'
Correct Answer
B. 'encomiendas'Explanation
During the Spanish colonial period, 'encomiendas' referred to the right of a 'servant' of the Spanish Crown to collect tribute from residents of a territory without any ownership claim over that territory. This system allowed the Spanish Crown to grant individuals, known as encomenderos, the authority to extract labor and tribute from indigenous peoples in exchange for protection and Christianization. Encomenderos were essentially stewards of the land and its inhabitants, acting as intermediaries between the Spanish Crown and the indigenous population. This system was a key aspect of Spanish colonial control and exploitation in the Americas.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Public Lands Act of 1903 granted homesteads to 14 million Filipino families covering 5.3 million hectares, principally in
- A.
Negros Island
- B.
Palawan
- C.
Mindanao
- D.
Samar Island
Correct Answer
C. MindanaoExplanation
The Public Lands Act of 1903 granted homesteads to 14 million Filipino families covering 5.3 million hectares. Among the given options, Mindanao is the correct answer. Mindanao is the second-largest island in the Philippines and has a large land area. The act aimed to distribute public lands to Filipino families, and Mindanao was one of the areas where homesteads were granted.Rate this question:
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- 46.
The Torrens Title System which entrenched the concept of absolute private ownership of land in the Philippines is a 7 legacy from what colonial period of Philippine history?
- A.
Spanish
- B.
American
- C.
Japanese
- D.
British
Correct Answer
B. AmericanExplanation
The correct answer is American. The Torrens Title System was introduced in the Philippines during the American colonial period. This system was established to ensure secure land ownership by implementing a centralized land registration system. It aimed to provide a reliable and efficient way of transferring and proving land ownership, which was crucial for economic development and attracting foreign investment. The Torrens Title System is still in use today in the Philippines, reflecting the lasting impact of American colonial rule on land ownership laws in the country.Rate this question:
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- 47.
According to Dr. Ernesto Pernia (1983), the major blunder in Philippine economic policy and industrialization strategy occurred in the latter period of American colonial rule when
- A.
Free trade agreements with USA narrowed Philippine agricultural output to cash crops for export such as sugar, tobacco, hemp, coconut, palm, rice, and timber.
- B.
Progress of Philippine agricultural regions was directly tied to fluctuations of American market during Great Depression,instead of Filipino production being responsive to domestic demand by inter1inking Philippine regions with one another
- C.
Post-war' import substitution' policy beginning in 1947 focused on capital-intensive urban consumer goods rather than on resource-based agro-industlialization in provincial centers utilizing agricultural surplus
- D.
All of the choices
Correct Answer
D. All of the choicesExplanation
The major blunder in Philippine economic policy and industrialization strategy occurred in the latter period of American colonial rule when free trade agreements with the USA narrowed Philippine agricultural output to cash crops for export. This led to a heavy dependence on the American market, which proved to be detrimental during the Great Depression. Additionally, the post-war import substitution policy focused on capital-intensive urban consumer goods rather than utilizing the agricultural surplus in provincial centers for resource-based agro-industrialization. Therefore, all of the choices mentioned in the question are correct explanations for the major blunder in Philippine economic policy and industrialization strategy.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Republic Act 2264 empowered LGUs to form local planning boards to craft their development plans under the close guidance of national government agencies.
- A.
Local Governance and Planning Act of 1945
- B.
Local Autonomy Act of 1949
- C.
Decentralization and Devolution Act
- D.
Transparency and Accountability Standards Act
Correct Answer
B. Local Autonomy Act of 1949Explanation
The correct answer is Local Autonomy Act of 1949. This act gave local government units (LGUs) the power to govern themselves and make decisions regarding their own development plans. It allowed LGUs to form local planning boards, which would be responsible for creating these plans with the guidance of national government agencies. This act aimed to decentralize power and promote local autonomy in the Philippines.Rate this question:
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- 49.
In 1954, Reorganization Plan 53-A of the Government Survey and Reorganization Commission delineated regions
- A.
Nine -representing 9 rays of the sun in Philippine flag or 9 historic territories which fought Spain
- B.
Eight -representing major ethno-linguistic groups
- C.
Four -representing major island-groupings plus Muslim territories
- D.
Six -representing possible component units of a federal system
Correct Answer
B. Eight -representing major ethno-linguistic groupsExplanation
The correct answer is eight, which represents the major ethno-linguistic groups in the Philippines. This is supported by the fact that the Reorganization Plan 53-A of the Government Survey and Reorganization Commission delineated regions based on these groups. This decision was likely made to ensure representation and recognition of the diverse cultural and linguistic heritage of the country.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Presidential Decree 824 on February 27, 1975 created the Metro Manila Commission as the first ever structure of metropolitan governance in the Philippines following the organizational model called
- A.
Annexation and Amalgamation (one-tier government)
- B.
Jurisdictional Fragmentation (Council of Local Governments)
- C.
Voluntary clustering and lnter-LGU cooperation
- D.
Functional Consolidation (two-tier metropolitan government)
Correct Answer
A. Annexation and Amalgamation (one-tier government)Explanation
The correct answer is Annexation and Amalgamation (one-tier government). This means that under Presidential Decree 824, the Metro Manila Commission was created as a single-tier government structure for metropolitan governance in the Philippines. This suggests that the different local governments within Metro Manila were merged or combined into one unified entity, rather than having separate jurisdictions or fragmented governance.Rate this question:
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