1.
Em relação ao estudo da célula, conceitue uma célula:A) Procarionte;B) Eucarionte Animal;C) Eucarionte Vegetal.
2.
Ao analisarmos uma célula eucariótica e compará-la com uma célula procariótica, percebemos que as organelas existentes não são as mesmas nos dois tipos celulares. Isso ocorre porque nas células eucarióticas:
Correct Answer
C. Existem organelas membranosas e nas células procarióticas não.
Explanation
In eukaryotic cells, there are membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. These organelles are surrounded by a membrane that separates their contents from the rest of the cell. On the other hand, prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles. They have ribosomes for protein synthesis but lack other membrane-bound structures like a nucleus or mitochondria. Therefore, the correct answer is that eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles while prokaryotic cells do not.
3.
Nas aulas de Ciências os alunos aprenderam que os vírus não podem pertencer a nenhum reino de seres vivos por não ser estruturados por células, porém podem ser considerados vivos quando parasitam uma célula de algum ser vivo de forma obrigatória.
Correct Answer
A. Verdadeiro
Explanation
Virus cannot belong to any kingdom of living beings because they are not structured by cells. However, they can be considered alive when they parasitize a cell of some living being in an obligatory way. Therefore, the statement "Verdadeiro" (True) is correct.
4.
A célula vegetal apresenta algumas estruturas que permitem distingui-la de uma célula animal. Entre as alternativas a seguir, marque aquela em que encontramos apenas estruturas ausentes em uma célula animal.
Correct Answer
D. Parede celular, plastos e vacúolos.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Parede celular, plastos e vacúolos." This answer is correct because the cell wall, plastids, and vacuoles are structures that are present in plant cells but absent in animal cells. The cell wall provides structural support and protection to the plant cell, plastids are responsible for photosynthesis and storage of pigments, and vacuoles are involved in storage of water, nutrients, and waste materials. These structures are unique to plant cells and are not found in animal cells.
5.
Todos os seres vivos são formados por células e estão podem se apresentar em dois tipos:Célula Eucarionte e Célula Procarionte.A primeira é a mais simples visto que não é composta de núcleo, seu material genético fica disperso no citoplasma e não apresenta nenhuma organela membranosa em seu citoplasma.
Correct Answer
B. Falso
Explanation
The given correct answer is "Falso" (False). This means that the statement "A célula eucarionte é a mais simples, visto que não é composta de núcleo, seu material genético fica disperso no citoplasma e não apresenta nenhuma organela membranosa em seu citoplasma" is not true. The correct statement would be that the eukaryotic cell is more complex as it has a nucleus where the genetic material is contained and various membrane-bound organelles present in its cytoplasm.
6.
Numa célula de planta frutífera, vista ao microscópio, observaram-se várias organelas, exceto:
Correct Answer
E. CentrÃolos.
Explanation
When observing a plant cell under a microscope, several organelles can be seen, including mitochondria, ribosomes, complex of Golgi, and plastids. However, centrioles are not present in plant cells. Centrioles are found in animal cells and are involved in cell division and the formation of the spindle fibers. Therefore, the correct answer is centrÃolos.
7.
Uma professora de biologia entregou duas figuras que representavam células de uma bactéria e de uma planta, respectivamente. Ela pediu então aos alunos que identificassem a célula eucariótica. Para que os alunos sejam capazes de identificar a célula, é fundamental que eles analisem:
Correct Answer
C. a presença de núcleo definido.
Explanation
To identify a eukaryotic cell, it is crucial for the students to analyze the presence of a defined nucleus. Eukaryotic cells are characterized by having a true nucleus, which contains the genetic material (DNA) enclosed within a nuclear membrane. This is in contrast to prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, which lack a defined nucleus. Therefore, by examining the presence of a nucleus, the students can determine if the cell is eukaryotic or not. The other options mentioned, such as the presence of a plasma membrane, ribosomes, genetic material, and cytoplasm, are common features found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, and therefore cannot be used to specifically identify a eukaryotic cell.
8.
Analise as alternativas a seguir e marque aquela em que está indicada uma organela presente em células eucarióticas e procarióticas.
Correct Answer
E. Ribossomo.
Explanation
The correct answer is Ribossomo because ribosomes are present in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis and can be found in the cytoplasm of both cell types. They are essential for the production of proteins in all living cells.
9.
Organismos pluricelulares são compostos por muitas células, organismos acelulares apresentam uma única célula e organismos unicelulares não possuem células.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
This statement is false because it contradicts the definition of pluricellular, acellular, and unicellular organisms. Pluricellular organisms are indeed composed of many cells, acellular organisms do not have any cells, and unicellular organisms are made up of a single cell. Therefore, the correct answer is false.
10.
Nas imagens, encontramos respectivamente:
Correct Answer
A. Células animal e vegetal.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Células animal e vegetal." This is because the question is asking which images correspond to animal and plant cells. The correct answer indicates that the images show animal and plant cells respectively.
11.
A célula a seguir é procarionte.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The given statement suggests that the cell being referred to is a prokaryotic cell. Prokaryotic cells are characterized by their lack of a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Instead, their genetic material is located in the cytoplasm. Therefore, if the statement is true, it means that the cell being described does not have a nucleus and is a prokaryotic cell.
12.
Sabemos que a célula eucariótica não é encontrada apenas em um grupo de seres vivos. Esse grupo está incluído no reino:
Correct Answer
B. Monera.
Explanation
The question is asking which kingdom includes the group of living organisms that have eukaryotic cells. The correct answer is Monera. Monera is a kingdom that includes prokaryotic organisms, which have cells that do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells, on the other hand, have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, and are found in other kingdoms such as Fungi, Plantae, Animalia, and Protoctista. Therefore, Monera is the correct answer as it does not include organisms with eukaryotic cells.
13.
Quem apresenta células procariontes são todas as algas e bactérias.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement is false because not all algae and bacteria have prokaryotic cells. While bacteria are prokaryotes, some algae, such as diatoms and dinoflagellates, have eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that all algae and bacteria have prokaryotic cells.
14.
Os seres vivos que apresentam células eucariontes são aqueles pertencentes aos seguintes reinos: Reino _________, Reino __________, Reino __________ e Reino _________.
Correct Answer
protoctista, fungi, plantae e animalia.
Explanation
The correct answer is protoctista, fungi, plantae e animalia. This is because these four kingdoms are known to have eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells are characterized by having a true nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and linear DNA organized into chromosomes. The other kingdoms, such as bacteria and archaea, have prokaryotic cells, which lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Therefore, the correct answer includes the kingdoms that have eukaryotic cells.
15.
Seres vivos que apresentam células procariontes são as _____________ e as _________________.
Correct Answer
bactérias e algas azuis
Explanation
The correct answer is bacteria and blue-green algae. This is because both bacteria and blue-green algae are examples of living organisms that have prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are characterized by the absence of a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Bacteria and blue-green algae are both unicellular organisms that belong to the kingdom Monera. Bacteria are found in various habitats and play important roles in ecological processes and human health. Blue-green algae, also known as cyanobacteria, are photosynthetic bacteria that can be found in aquatic environments.
16.
Considere as características das células A, B e C, em termos de presença (+) ou ausência (-) de alguns de seus componentes, de acordo com a tabela a seguir. Com base nestas características, assinale a alternativa correta.
Correct Answer
D. As células A e B são eucarióticas e a célula C é procariótica.
Explanation
The given answer states that cells A and B are eukaryotic, while cell C is prokaryotic. This is supported by the information given in the question, which states that cell A is from a plant and cell B is from an animal. Both plants and animals have eukaryotic cells. Additionally, the question states that cell C is from a bacteria, which are known to have prokaryotic cells. Therefore, the answer is correct.
17.
Toda célula viva apresenta:
Correct Answer
A. Membrana plasmática, mas pode não possuir núcleo e mitocôndrias.
Explanation
The correct answer states that every living cell has a plasma membrane, but it may not have a nucleus and mitochondria. This means that while all cells have a plasma membrane, some cells may lack a nucleus and mitochondria. This is a general statement about the characteristics of living cells and their components.
18.
Com relação as células assinale o que for correto:
Correct Answer(s)
A. A célula da bactéria é mais simples do que a célula dos eucariotos. A célula procariota é caracterizada pela ausência de uma membrana envolvendo o seu material genético, não havendo então a presença de um núcleo individualizado.
E. O retÃculo endoplasmático é chamado de rugoso quando está associado aos ribossomos, tendo como função a sÃntese de proteÃnas. Já o retÃculo endoplasmático liso é aquele livre dos ribossomos.
Explanation
The correct answer states that the bacterial cell is simpler than the eukaryotic cell, as it lacks a membrane surrounding its genetic material and does not have a distinct nucleus. This is true because prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, do not have membrane-bound organelles like eukaryotic cells do. Additionally, the answer mentions that the rough endoplasmic reticulum is associated with ribosomes and is responsible for protein synthesis, while the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is free of ribosomes. This is also correct, as the rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification.
19.
Numa célula animal, qual organela é responsável pela respiração celular?
Correct Answer
B. Mitocôndria
Explanation
A mitocôndria é a organela responsável pela respiração celular. Ela é responsável pela produção de energia através da quebra de moléculas de nutrientes, como a glicose, em presença de oxigênio. A respiração celular ocorre nas mitocôndrias através de um processo chamado de respiração aeróbica, que produz ATP, a principal fonte de energia para as células.
20.
Em relação aos cloroplastos, assinale a alternativa que expressa um conceito incorreto:
Correct Answer
D. São responsáveis pelas oxidações celulares.
Explanation
Cloroplastos são organelas responsáveis pela fotossÃntese, onde ocorre a sÃntese de substâncias orgânicas, como glicose, a partir da energia luminosa. Todos os vegetais possuem cloroplastos, com exceção de fungos, algas azuis e bactérias. Os cloroplastos contêm pigmentos como clorofila, caroteno, xantofilas e ácidos nucléicos, que são essenciais para a absorção da luz. No entanto, os cloroplastos não são responsáveis pelas oxidações celulares, que ocorrem principalmente nas mitocôndrias.