Positive End-expiratory Pressure Peep Quiz
(110).webp "Positive End-expiratory Pressure Peep Quiz - Quiz")
- 1.
You just started your patient on a CPAP weaning trial, what's the minimum amount of time you should wait before drawing an ABG?
- A.
45 min
- B.
15 min
- C.
30 min
- D.
25 min
Correct Answer
B. 15 minExplanation
The minimum amount of time you should wait before drawing an ABG after starting a CPAP weaning trial is 15 minutes. This is because it takes some time for the patient's oxygen and carbon dioxide levels to stabilize after initiating CPAP therapy. Waiting for at least 15 minutes allows for these levels to reach a steady state, providing a more accurate assessment of the patient's respiratory status.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Patient's IBW is 78 kg. His exhaled tidal volume is 500 mL (close to 7 ml/kg) at RR of 14 breaths/min. And there is a measured mechanical deadspace of 30 mL in the tubing and HME. Calculate the Alveolar Volume.
- A.
392 mL
- B.
298 mL
- C.
470 mL
- D.
4,172 mL
Correct Answer
B. 298 mLExplanation
2.2 lb = 1 kgRate this question:
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- 3.
Patient's IBW is 52 kg. Her exhaled tidal volume is 350 (close to 7 ml/kg) with a RR of 10. This creates a MV of 3.5 LPM. Measured mechanical deadspace for the tubing and HME is 30 mL. Calculate Alveolar Ventilation.
- A.
2.06 LPM
- B.
2.68 LPM
- C.
4.1 LPM
- D.
2.6 LPM
Correct Answer
A. 2.06 LPMExplanation
2.2 lb = 1 kg
MV information is not important to this equation.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Patient's IBW is 132 lbs. Exhaled tidal volume is 420 mL (7ml/kg). MV is 5.0 LPM. Mechanical deadspace volume from the extra tubing and HME is ~40 mL. Calculate Alveolar Volume.
- A.
248 mL
- B.
89.6 mL
- C.
243 mL
- D.
175 mL
Correct Answer
A. 248 mLExplanation
The alveolar volume can be calculated by subtracting the mechanical deadspace volume from the exhaled tidal volume. In this case, the mechanical deadspace volume is given as 40 mL and the exhaled tidal volume is given as 420 mL. Therefore, the alveolar volume would be 420 mL - 40 mL = 380 mL. However, since the question asks for the alveolar volume in mL per kg, we need to divide the alveolar volume by the patient's weight in kg. Since the patient's IBW is given as 132 lbs, we need to convert it to kg by dividing it by 2.2 (1 kg = 2.2 lbs). Therefore, the alveolar volume would be 380 mL / (132 lbs / 2.2 lbs/kg) = 380 mL / 60 kg = 6.33 mL/kg. Therefore, none of the given answer choices are correct.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What are some possible causes for an increase in PIP?
- A.
Bronchospasm
- B.
Secretions
- C.
Emphysema
- D.
Tube Obstruction
- E.
Decreased compliance
- F.
Increased compliance
Correct Answer(s)
A. Bronchospasm
B. Secretions
D. Tube Obstruction
E. Decreased complianceExplanation
Decreased compliance increases PIP!!! Not an increase in compliance because that would decrease PIP.
Emphysema does not increase PIP because emphysema is a disease which increases CL.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following is true
- A.
This is a dyanamic compliance (CLdyn) issue
- B.
This is an airway resistance (RAW) issue
- C.
This is a static compliance (CLstatic) issue
- D.
Only PIP is increasing while Pplat stayed the same
- E.
PIP and Pplat are increasing together
- F.
Pta = PIP - Pplat
Correct Answer(s)
B. This is an airway resistance (RAW) issue
D. Only PIP is increasing while Pplat stayed the same
F. Pta = PIP - PplatExplanation
Pta = PIP - Pplat
Thus, you can see that PIP is increasing, and Pta is increasing as well!
This means the difference btwn PIP and Pplat is increasing.
Thus, PIP is increasing but Pplat is staying the same.
That means this is a RAW issue.
Also, it is not a CL dynamic nor static issue because these values stayed the exact same in the table. Also, if it were a CL issue, then PIP and Plat must increase together.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following is/are true?
- A.
This is a compliance (CL) issue
- B.
This is an airway resistance (RAW) issue
- C.
Only PIP is increasing while Pplat stayed the same
- D.
PIP and Pplat are increasing together at the same interval
- E.
PIP and Pplat are increasing together at different intervals
Correct Answer(s)
A. This is a compliance (CL) issue
D. PIP and Pplat are increasing together at the same intervalExplanation
Pta = PIP - Pplat
Since Pta is staying the same, you can tell that PIP and Pplat are increasing at the same interval. You can also see that because the PIP increases by 5 and so does Pplat.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following is/are true?
- A.
This is a compliance (CL) issue
- B.
This is an airway resistance (RAW) issue
- C.
Only PIP is increasing while Pplat stayed the same
- D.
PIP and Pplat are increasing together at the same interval
- E.
PIP and Pplat are increasing together at different intervals
Correct Answer(s)
B. This is an airway resistance (RAW) issue
C. Only PIP is increasing while Pplat stayed the sameExplanation
The given answer states that this is an airway resistance (RAW) issue. This means that there is a problem with the resistance in the patient's airway, which is causing an increase in the peak inspiratory pressure (PIP). However, the plateau pressure (Pplat) remains the same. This suggests that the problem is specifically related to airway resistance, rather than a general increase in pressure throughout the respiratory cycle.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the following is/are true?
- A.
Compliance in improving
- B.
This is an airway resistance (RAW) issue
- C.
Only PIP is decreasing while Pplat stayed the same
- D.
PIP and Pplat are decreasing together at the same interval
- E.
PIP and Pplat are decreasing together at different intervals
- F.
Compliance in getting worse
- G.
Compliance in getting worse
Correct Answer(s)
A. Compliance in improving
D. PIP and Pplat are decreasing together at the same intervalExplanation
The answer states that compliance is improving, which means that the lungs are becoming more elastic and easier to inflate. It also states that both PIP and Pplat (peak inspiratory pressure and plateau pressure) are decreasing together at the same interval. This indicates that the airway resistance is decreasing and the lungs are able to expand with less pressure. Overall, the answer suggests that the respiratory system is functioning better and becoming more efficient.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following is true?
- A.
Compliance is getting worse
- B.
This is an airway resistance (RAW) issue
- C.
Only PIP is increasing while Pplat stayed the same
- D.
This is because PEEP is increasing
- E.
Compliance in getting worse
Correct Answer
D. This is because PEEP is increasingExplanation
The correct answer is "This is because PEEP is increasing." When positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is increased, it can lead to a decrease in lung compliance. PEEP is the pressure maintained in the lungs at the end of expiration, which helps to keep the airways open and improve oxygenation. However, excessive PEEP can cause overdistension of the alveoli and reduce lung compliance, making it harder for the lungs to expand and causing a decrease in compliance. This can be seen by an increase in airway pressure during inspiration (PIP) while plateau pressure (Pplat) remains the same.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Patient is in PC-CMV with PIP of 25 and RR of 12. What happens if there's an increase in RAW or decrease in compliance?
- A.
Volumes decrease
- B.
Pressures decrease
- C.
Volumes increase
- D.
Pressures increase
Correct Answer
A. Volumes decreaseExplanation
In pressure control, PIP and RR are set; whereas, tidal volume varies.
So PIP cannot increase/decrease. And neither can RR.
Volume will DECREASE because increased RAW and/or decreased CL causes higher PIPs... cutting the breath off earlier and causing a loss in VT.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Check all of the correct cuff pressures.
- A.
20-25 cmH2O
- B.
20-25 mmHg
- C.
27-34 cmH2O
- D.
27-34 mmHg
Correct Answer(s)
B. 20-25 mmHg
C. 27-34 cmH2OExplanation
Mercury values are smaller than water values.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Minimal Leak Technique occurs when you listen over the suprasternal notch or lateral neck, and inflate the cuff just until no leak is heard at end inspiration.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
That is Minimal Occlusion technique.
The MLT has an extra step --> then a small amount of air is removed until leak can just be heard at end-inspirationRate this question:
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- 14.
Patient is 5'10" with an IBW of 73 kg. He is in AC-VC with 500 mL tidal volume and a RR of 14 on FiO2 of 40%.The following ABG comes back: pH 7.33, PaCO2 50, PaO2 55, HCO3 of 22. What would you change on the vent if you want a desired PaCO2 of 40 and a desired PaO2 of 70?
- A.
Increase RR to 18. Increase FiO2 to 50%
- B.
Increase RR to 20. Increase FiO2 to 70%
- C.
Increase VT to 625 mL. Increase FiO2 to 50%
- D.
Increase VT to 650 mL. Increase FiO2 to 70%
Correct Answer
A. Increase RR to 18. Increase FiO2 to 50%Explanation
You don't want to increase VT because 500 mL is already at his 7mL/kg of IBW. You want to increase RR instead.
(desired MV)(desired CO2) = (actual MV)(actual CO2)
(desired FiO2)/(actual FiO2) = (desired PaO2)(actual PaO2)Rate this question:
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- 15.
You are in PC-CMV with a PIP of 23 and RR of 12 with FiO2 of 50%. You draw the following ABG: pH 7.32, PaCO2 50, PaO2 70, HCO3 of 24. What vent settings would you change if you want a PaO2 of 80 and PaCO2 of 40 WITHOUT changing the RR (want to leave RR at 12).
- A.
Increase PIP to 29. Increase FiO2 to 57%
- B.
Decrease PIP to 20. Increase FiO2 to 67%
- C.
Increase PIP to 27. Increase FiO2 to 54%
- D.
Increase PIP to 24. Increase FiO2 to 65%
Correct Answer
A. Increase PIP to 29. Increase FiO2 to 57%Explanation
(actual PIP)(actual CO2) = (desired CO2)(desired PIP)
(desired FiO2)(desired PaO2) = (actual FiO2)(desired FiO2)Rate this question:
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- 16.
Pt is on AC-VC and there's an increase in RAW. Select all that is true.
- A.
PIP increases
- B.
PIP decreases
- C.
VT increases
- D.
VT decreases
Correct Answer
A. PIP increasesExplanation
If you are in VC... you have a set Volume and RR.
Thus, the only thing that can change is PIP.
Increasing RAW will increase PIP.Rate this question:
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- 17.
If someone is in VC and Pplat increases, what has happened to the compliance?
- A.
Decreased
- B.
Increased
Correct Answer
A. DecreasedExplanation
Decreased compliance = stiffer lungs
therefore, higher pressuresRate this question:
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- 18.
Select all that is true
- A.
Normal RAW = 0.5-2.4 cmH2O/L/sec
- B.
Normal RAW = 2.4-5.0 cmH2O/L/sec
- C.
Normal Static Compliance = 40-70 mL/cmH2O
- D.
Normal Dynamic Compliance = 70-100 mL/cmH2O
- E.
Normal Static Compliance = 70-100 mL/cmH2O
- F.
Normal Dynamic Compliance = 40-70 mL/H2O
Correct Answer(s)
A. Normal RAW = 0.5-2.4 cmH2O/L/sec
E. Normal Static Compliance = 70-100 mL/cmH2O
F. Normal Dynamic Compliance = 40-70 mL/H2OExplanation
The correct answer is "Normal RAW = 0.5-2.4 cmH2O/L/sec, Normal Static Compliance = 70-100 mL/cmH2O, Normal Dynamic Compliance = 40-70 mL/H2O." This is because the given ranges for RAW, static compliance, and dynamic compliance fall within the normal values for these parameters. RAW refers to airway resistance, which is the pressure difference between the airway opening and the alveoli divided by the flow rate. Normal RAW values are typically between 0.5-2.4 cmH2O/L/sec. Static compliance refers to the ability of the lungs to expand and is typically between 70-100 mL/cmH2O. Dynamic compliance refers to the compliance of the lungs during airflow and is typically between 40-70 mL/H2O.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Select all that is true about RED DOT A...
- A.
This is the lower inflection point
- B.
This is the upper inflection point
- C.
This is the point at which a large # of alveoli are recruited
- D.
This is the point when a large # of alveoli are overdistended
- E.
PEEP can be set a little above this point
- F.
PIP can be set a little below this point
- G.
This is important for ARDS
Correct Answer(s)
A. This is the lower inflection point
C. This is the point at which a large # of alveoli are recruited
E. PEEP can be set a little above this point
G. This is important for ARDSExplanation
RED DOT A = lower infection point
- you can set PEEP a little bit above this point --> so a large # of alveoli are recruited.
- this is important for ARDS bc with ARDS pts you have extreme difficulty oxygenating... so you can set PEEP a little above this point.
The rest of the answers are true for RED DOT B! That is the upper inflection point.
- you can set the PIP a little below this point
- going above causes overdistention of the alveoliRate this question:
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- 20.
Check all the causes of Metabolic acidosis
- A.
Hypovolemia
- B.
Aspirin (and other drug ingestion)
- C.
Diuretics
- D.
NaHCO3 infusion/ingestion
- E.
DKA
- F.
NG suctioning
- G.
Lactic Acid
- H.
Hypovolemia
- I.
Hypokalemia
- J.
Diarrhea
- K.
Pancreatitis
- L.
Vomiting
- M.
Renal Failure
Correct Answer(s)
B. Aspirin (and other drug ingestion)
E. DKA
G. Lactic Acid
J. Diarrhea
K. Pancreatitis
M. Renal FailureExplanation
The rest of the answers are causes of Metabolic ALKALOSIS, not acidosis.
A way to remember the Acidosis causes is:
- all words that in "acid" (ie diabeteic ketoacidosis, lactic acid)
- Pam's Kidding About Diarrhea
- Pam = pancreatitis
- Kidding = kidneys = renal failure
- About = Aspirin
- Diarrhea
Ways to remember alkalotic causes:
- all the "Hypos" (kalemia, chloremia, volemia --> diuretics) bc you are "losing" everything until you reach the bare "basics" (base = alkalosis)
- conditions where you get rid of body acid (ie vomiting, NG sxning)
- increase bicarb (NaHCO3 infusion/ingesting)Rate this question:
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- 21.
Your pt is still respiratory acidotic despite increasing their alveolar ventilation. What could they potentially have?
- A.
Pulmonary embolism
- B.
COPD
- C.
Pulmonary edema
- D.
Low PEEP
Correct Answer
A. Pulmonary embolismExplanation
Respiratory Acidosis = not blowing off CO2
But you increase alveolar ventilation...
So this means you have a DEADSPACE issue (ventilation without perfusion).
The only one which causes a decrease in perfusion is a PE!
LOW PEEP does NOT decrease venous return... HIGH PEEP does!***Rate this question:
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- 22.
PEEP is for ventilation
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
It's for oxygenation!Rate this question:
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- 23.
At what conditions would you increase PEEP instead of increasing FiO2?
- A.
FiO2 >= 60%
- B.
P/F ratio < 300
- C.
P/F ratio > 400
- D.
FiO2 less than 60%
- E.
Refractory Hypoxemia
Correct Answer(s)
A. FiO2 >= 60%
B. P/F ratio < 300
E. Refractory HypoxemiaExplanation
When the FiO2 is already at or above 60%, increasing the FiO2 further would not be effective in improving oxygenation. In this case, increasing PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure) would be a better option to improve oxygenation. Additionally, if the P/F ratio is less than 300 or if the patient is experiencing refractory hypoxemia (oxygenation cannot be improved despite other interventions), increasing PEEP would be preferred over increasing FiO2.Rate this question:
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- 24.
What are some contrindications for APRV?
- A.
COPD
- B.
Guillan Barre
- C.
Myasthenia gravis
- D.
Fibrosis
- E.
Someone who doesn't need heavy sedation
- F.
Someone who needs heavy sedation
- G.
Cerebral edema w/increased ICP
- H.
Post-surgery atelectasis
- I.
Refractory hypoxemia / difficulty oxygenating
Correct Answer(s)
A. COPD
B. Guillan Barre
C. Myasthenia gravis
F. Someone who needs heavy sedation
G. Cerebral edema w/increased ICPExplanation
The rest of the answers are INDICATIONS for using APRV.
You don't want to use APRV on someone with a neuromuscular disease (GB, MG), or someone who needs heavy sedation (cerebral edema with increased ICP), or someone who air traps (COPD)
The rest are good answers for indications for APRV (post surgery atelectasis and difficulty oxygenating). And you need mild sedation on APRVRate this question:
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- 25.
Check all that are the Acute Phase of ARDS:
- A.
Inflammation
- B.
Hypoxemia
- C.
Fibrosing alveolitis
- D.
Alveolar filling
- E.
Decreased CL
- F.
Pulmonary fibrosis
Correct Answer(s)
A. Inflammation
B. Hypoxemia
D. Alveolar fillingExplanation
The acute phase of ARDS is characterized by inflammation, alveolar filling, and hypoxemia. Inflammation refers to the immune response that occurs in the lungs, leading to damage and fluid accumulation. Alveolar filling refers to the filling of the alveoli with fluid, impairing gas exchange. Hypoxemia is a condition where there is low oxygen levels in the blood, which is a common feature of ARDS. These three symptoms are commonly observed during the acute phase of ARDS. The other options, such as fibrosing alveolitis, decreased CL (compliance), and pulmonary fibrosis, may occur in later stages or as a consequence of the acute phase.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Check all that are the SubAcute Phase of ARDS:
- A.
Inflammation
- B.
Alveolar filling
- C.
Fibrosing alveolitis
- D.
Pulmonary fibrosis
- E.
Hypoxemia
- F.
Decreased CL
Correct Answer(s)
C. Fibrosing alveolitis
F. Decreased CLExplanation
The SubAcute Phase of ARDS is characterized by fibrosing alveolitis and decreased CL. Fibrosing alveolitis refers to the inflammation and scarring of the alveoli, leading to impaired gas exchange. Decreased CL, or decreased lung compliance, indicates stiffening of the lungs, making it difficult for them to expand and contract properly. These two factors contribute to the impaired lung function seen in the subacute phase of ARDS.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Check all that are the Chronic Phase of ARDS:
- A.
Inflammation
- B.
Alveolar filling
- C.
Hypoxemia
- D.
Fibrosing alveolitis
- E.
Decreased CL
- F.
Pulmonary fibrosis
Correct Answer
F. Pulmonary fibrosisExplanation
The correct answer is pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis is a characteristic feature of the chronic phase of ARDS. It refers to the scarring and thickening of lung tissue, which can impair lung function and lead to respiratory difficulties. Inflammation, alveolar filling, hypoxemia, decreased CL (compliance), and fibrosing alveolitis are all associated with the acute phase of ARDS, rather than the chronic phase.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Check all the things that help with ARDS:
- A.
Albuterol
- B.
Proning
- C.
High PEEP
- D.
Low PEEP
- E.
High VT
- F.
Low RR
- G.
Low VT
- H.
High RR
- I.
Semi-Fowlers
Correct Answer(s)
A. Albuterol
B. Proning
C. High PEEP
G. Low VT
H. High RRExplanation
Albuterol is a bronchodilator that can help improve airflow and oxygenation in patients with ARDS. Proning refers to positioning the patient face down, which can help improve oxygenation by redistributing lung perfusion. High PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure) helps keep the alveoli open during expiration, improving oxygenation. Low VT (tidal volume) is recommended to prevent lung injury in ARDS patients. High RR (respiratory rate) can help maintain adequate ventilation. Therefore, Albuterol, Proning, High PEEP, Low VT, and High RR are all helpful in managing ARDS.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Which are the two most common pressure scalars?
- A.
Rectangular
- B.
Exponential rise
- C.
Descending ramp
- D.
Ascending ramp
Correct Answer(s)
A. Rectangular
B. Exponential riseExplanation
Rectangular and exponential rise are the two most common PRESSURE scalar waveforms.
Whereas rectangular and descending ramp are the two most common FLOW scalar waveforms.Rate this question:
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- 30.
How long is the inspiratory time and expiratory time?
- A.
Itime = 0.5... Etime = 1 sec
- B.
Itime = 0.75... Etime = 1.5 sec
- C.
Itime = 0.5... Etime = 1.75 sec
- D.
Itime = 0.75... Etime = 2.25 sec
Correct Answer
B. Itime = 0.75... Etime = 1.5 secExplanation
Etime = 2.25 - 0.75Rate this question:
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- 31.
Calculate Static CL and RAW
- A.
RAW = cannot be calculated
- B.
RAW = ~0.16
- C.
RAW = ~6
- D.
CL static = 36
- E.
CL static = 22
- F.
CL static = cannot be calculated
Correct Answer(s)
B. RAW = ~0.16
D. CL static = 36Explanation
RAW = PIP-Plat / Flow
= (22-16)/38
RAW = 0.16
CL static = VT / (Plat - PEEP)
= 400 / (16-5)
= 36Rate this question:
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- 32.
Which of the following is true of this picture?
- A.
It is in PC
- B.
It is in VC
- C.
You need to decrease the sensitivity
- D.
You need to increase the sensitivity
- E.
There is a PEEP ~ 10 cmH2O
- F.
PIP is ~50 cmH2O
Correct Answer(s)
A. It is in PC
D. You need to increase the sensitivity
E. There is a PEEP ~ 10 cmH2OExplanation
The trigger is NOT sensitive enough! Patient is trying to trigger the breath, but the vent is not following through with a breath.
Increase sensitivity = more sensitive so pt can have a easier time trigger the vent.
You can tell this is in PC because the Pressure-Time Scalar has exponential rise waveforms.
And the Flow-Time Scalar has Descending Ramps!
The PIP is NOT 50 cmH2O. It is ~25 cmH2O.
Whereas the Peak FLOW is ~50 LPMRate this question:
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- 33.
What does this picture show?
- A.
The rise-time is too fast
- B.
The rise-time is too slow
- C.
Too much turbulence through the ETT
- D.
Pressure spike is called an overshoot
- E.
Fix this by decreasing the rise time
- F.
Fix this by increasing the rise time
Correct Answer(s)
A. The rise-time is too fast
C. Too much turbulence through the ETT
D. Pressure spike is called an overshoot
F. Fix this by increasing the rise timeExplanation
The rise-time is too fast --> causing a blast of air into the ETT --> too turbulant --> causing a pressure spike called an overshoot
Fix this by INCREASING rise time (to make it slower)Rate this question:
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- 34.
Calculate Dynamic Compliance
- A.
18 mL/cmH2O
- B.
20 mL/cmH2O
- C.
Cannot be calculated
- D.
28 mL/cmH2O
Correct Answer
A. 18 mL/cmH2OExplanation
Dyanmic CL = VT / (PIP-PEEP)
= 500 / (28-0)
=Rate this question:
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- 35.
What should you do to fix this?
- A.
This is an obstruction... Give a bronchodilator
- B.
Nothing you can do... this is decreased CL
- C.
This is too much pressure... decrease your PIP
- D.
This is too fast a rise-time... increase your rise-time
Correct Answer
A. This is an obstruction... Give a bronchodilatorExplanation
The correct answer suggests that the given situation is an obstruction, which means there is a blockage in the airways. To fix this, the recommended action is to give a bronchodilator. Bronchodilators help to relax and open up the airways, making it easier for the person to breathe.Rate this question:
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- 36.
What ventilator mode are you most likely in?
- A.
PC-CMV
- B.
AC-VC
- C.
CPAP
Correct Answer
C. CPAPExplanation
This is a spontaneous breath, so it must be in CPAP mode.
AC-VC and PC-CVM do not allow for spontaneous breaths; only assisted breaths.Rate this question:
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- 37.
What ventilator mode are you most likely in?
- A.
PC-CMV or AC-VC
- B.
CPAP
Correct Answer
A. PC-CMV or AC-VCExplanation
This is an assisted breath; NOT spontaneous.
So much be in PC-CMV or AV-VC mode.Rate this question:
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- 38.
What mode are you in?
- A.
Volume Control
- B.
Pressure Control
Correct Answer
A. Volume ControlExplanation
→ Bc you are in the Flow-Time graph and it's rectangular waveformsRate this question:
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- 39.
What mode are you in?
- A.
Volume Control
- B.
Pressure Control
- C.
Volume Control with Auto-Flow
Correct Answer(s)
B. Pressure Control
C. Volume Control with Auto-FlowExplanation
→ Bc this is Flow-Time graph and its Descending ramp.
→ This is also the Flow-Time graph for Volume control with auto-flow (which is basically pressure control)Rate this question:
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- 40.
What mode are you in?
- A.
Volume Control
- B.
Pressure Control
Correct Answer
B. Pressure ControlExplanation
→ Bc this is Pressure-Time graph and its Rectangular Waveform.Rate this question:
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- 41.
What mode are you in?
- A.
Volume Control
- B.
Pressure Control
Correct Answer
A. Volume ControlExplanation
→ Bc this is Pressure-Time graph and its Exponential Rise.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Which is true about Volume Control?
- A.
Constant flow with rectangular waveforms
- B.
Continuously variable decelerating flow waveform
- C.
Pressure waveform is exponential rise (varying with lung characteristics)
- D.
Pressure waveform is rectangular
Correct Answer(s)
A. Constant flow with rectangular waveforms
C. Pressure waveform is exponential rise (varying with lung characteristics)Explanation
The rest is true of Pressure ControlRate this question:
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- 43.
What kinds of disease explain the picture on the RIGHT side.
- A.
ARDS
- B.
Emphysema
- C.
CHF
- D.
Atelectasis
- E.
Decreased surfactant
- F.
Increased surfactant
- G.
COPD
Correct Answer(s)
A. ARDS
C. CHF
D. Atelectasis
E. Decreased surfactantExplanation
This is a picture of decreased CL.
Emphysema & increased surfactant causes INCREASED COMPLIANCE (picture on the LEFT).
COPD is a RAW issue. not CLRate this question:
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- 44.
Which of the following is/are true?
- A.
Volume control
- B.
Pressure control
- C.
There is some air trapping
- D.
There is a PEEP
- E.
This is a normal loop
- F.
There is too much pressure, causing overdistension
Correct Answer(s)
A. Volume control
C. There is some air trappingExplanation
Inspiration is on top (positive). Expiration is on bottom (negative).
So you see the inspiration side is a rectangular waveform. And this is a FLOW-volume loop.
So you know this is VC.
You CANNOT tell if there is PEEP! Because you are in the FLOW loop... you have no idea what the PIP/Plat/PEEP are!!
The same is true about "overdistension." You cannot tell with a Flow loop.
This is not normal. You can see that on the expiration side (bottom), it does not return to zero. Therefore, you have air trapping.Rate this question:
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- 45.
What mode are you in?
- A.
Volume control
- B.
Pressure control
Correct Answer
B. Pressure controlExplanation
Inspiration is on top (positive). Expiration is on bottom (negative).
So you see the inspiration side is a DESCENDING waveform. And this is a FLOW-volume loop.
So you know this is Presssure ctrl.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Select all that is true regarding this Flow-Time graph.
- A.
The Flow Cycle % is 20%
- B.
This Flow cycle % is 5%
- C.
This flow cycle is best for restrictive disease / difficult to oxygenate
- D.
This flow cycle is best for obstructive disease
- E.
This could be in VC mode
- F.
This could be in VC with auto-flow ON mode
- G.
This could be in PC mode
- H.
This allows for longer inspiration
- I.
This allows for shorter inspiration
Correct Answer(s)
A. The Flow Cycle % is 20%
C. This flow cycle is best for restrictive disease / difficult to oxygenate
F. This could be in VC with auto-flow ON mode
G. This could be in PC mode
H. This allows for longer inspirationExplanation
Descending ramp in FLOW-volume loop.
Flow Cycle % = end of inspiration/peak of inspiration
Since the flow cycle is a relatively small percentage... it is for RESTRICTIVE or those DIFFICULT TO OXYGENATE... allowing for LONGER inspirationRate this question:
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- 47.
Which is true about initial settings for APRV?
- A.
Set P-low = 0
- B.
Set T-low = 0
- C.
Set T-low = 0.8... then adjust to 50% of the expiratory flow in the Flow-Time scalar.
- D.
Set T-High = 0.8... then adjust to 50% of the expiratory flow in the Flow-Time scalar.
- E.
Set T-high = 4
- F.
Set T-high = 5
- G.
I time is longer than E time
- H.
E time is longer than I time
- I.
Set P high < 30
- J.
Set P high = Plat
- K.
You need to record VT and Pplat first
- L.
You need to make sure MAP < 30
Correct Answer(s)
A. Set P-low = 0
C. Set T-low = 0.8... then adjust to 50% of the expiratory flow in the Flow-Time scalar.
G. I time is longer than E time
J. Set P high = Plat
L. You need to make sure MAP < 30Explanation
You don't record VT! You record the MV and the Pplat.
While PIP should technically be less than 30... you want to set P high to Pplat.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Which are hallmarks of ARDS
- A.
Hypoxemia
- B.
Decreased lung compliance
- C.
Increased lung compliance
- D.
Reduced lung volume
- E.
Increased lung volume
Correct Answer(s)
A. Hypoxemia
B. Decreased lung compliance
D. Reduced lung volumeExplanation
ARDS, or Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, is a condition characterized by inflammation and fluid accumulation in the lungs, leading to severe respiratory failure. The hallmarks of ARDS include hypoxemia, which is a low level of oxygen in the blood due to impaired gas exchange in the lungs. Additionally, ARDS is associated with reduced lung volume, as the accumulation of fluid and inflammation causes the lungs to become stiff and lose their ability to expand fully. This results in decreased lung compliance, meaning the lungs are less able to stretch and expand during breathing.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Permissive hypercapnea is allowed in ARDS
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Bc you have air trapping... you will have some permissive hypercapnea and that's okRate this question:
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- 50.
Regarding the last question (the Flow-Volume Loop is pictured here)... What would you do to fix the air trapping that is occurring?
- A.
Increase the E time
- B.
Increase the I time
- C.
Albuterol
- D.
Decrease the RR
- E.
Increase extrinsic PEEP
Correct Answer(s)
A. Increase the E time
C. Albuterol
D. Decrease the RR
E. Increase extrinsic PEEPExplanation
Albuterol can be a good answer! It can be yes or no.
If it is air trapping due to something like COPD or asthma... then albuterol will help.
If it is air trapping bc your RR is too high, then it will not help!
Sometimes when you are air trapping (high PEEPi = intrinsic PEEP), you can help release that air by increase the extrinsic PEEP. This sounds really counter-intuitive and silly... but sometimes it does work. Especially if you are air trapping bc the alveoli aren't staying open/collapsing.Rate this question:
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Quiz Review Timeline +
Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.
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Current Version
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May 10, 2024Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team -
Apr 24, 2016Quiz Created by
Yuwenmchen
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