Soal Struktur Atom 1
- 1.
Atom berasal dari kata atomos, artinya ...
- A.
Tak dapat dibagi lagi
- B.
Bagian yang terbagi
- C.
Pembagian
- D.
Masih dapat dibagi
- E.
Bagian sangat kecil
Correct Answer
A. Tak dapat dibagi lagiExplanation
The word "atomos" comes from the Greek language and it means "indivisible" or "cannot be divided further". This suggests that the correct answer is "tak dapat dibagi lagi" which translates to "cannot be divided further".Rate this question:
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- 2.
Penyusun inti atom (nukleon) berisi ...
- A.
Elektron
- B.
Proton
- C.
Netron
- D.
Proton dan elektron
- E.
Proton dan netron
Correct Answer
E. Proton dan netronExplanation
The core of an atom, also known as the nucleus, contains protons and neutrons. Protons have a positive charge, while neutrons have no charge. Electrons, on the other hand, orbit around the nucleus. Therefore, the correct answer is "proton and neutron."Rate this question:
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- 3.
Dalam perhitungan massa atom, massa elektron diabaikan. Hal ini disebabkan ...
- A.
Elektron bermuatan negatif
- B.
Massa elektron hanyalah seperduaribu massa proton
- C.
Massa elektron 2000 kali massa netron
- D.
Massa elektron = massa proton
- E.
Massa proton = massa netron
Correct Answer
B. Massa elektron hanyalah seperduaribu massa protonExplanation
The reason why the mass of electrons is ignored in atomic mass calculations is because the mass of electrons is only about one-thousandth of the mass of protons. Therefore, the mass of electrons is considered to be negligible compared to the mass of protons and neutrons, which are much heavier particles.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Muatan proton, netron, dan elektron berturut-turut adalah ...
- A.
+1 , -1, 0
- B.
+2 , 0 ,-1
- C.
+1 , 0 , -1
- D.
0 , 0 , +1
- E.
-1 , +1 , 0
Correct Answer
C. +1 , 0 , -1Explanation
The correct answer is +1, 0, -1. Protons have a positive charge of +1, neutrons have no charge (0), and electrons have a negative charge of -1. This corresponds to the order given in the answer.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Pada atom netral ...
- A.
Jumlah elektron = jumlah netron
- B.
Jumlah proton = jumlah netron
- C.
Jumlah proton = jumlah elektron
- D.
Jumlah proton = jumlah netorn = jumlah elektron
- E.
Jumlah proton selalu genap
Correct Answer
C. Jumlah proton = jumlah elektronExplanation
The correct answer is "jumlah proton = jumlah elektron". In a neutral atom, the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons. This is because protons have a positive charge, while electrons have a negative charge. In order for the atom to be neutral, the positive charge of the protons must balance out the negative charge of the electrons. Therefore, the number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom is always the same.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Di alam atom Klorin (Cl) memiliki 2 macam isotop, yaitu 17Cl35 sebanyak 75% dan sisanya 17Cl37 . Massa rata-rata atom Klorin adalah ...
- A.
35,7
- B.
35,5
- C.
36
- D.
37
- E.
37,5
Correct Answer
B. 35,5Explanation
The average mass of an atom is calculated by taking into account the relative abundance of each isotope and its mass. In this case, 75% of the atoms are 17Cl35, which has a mass of 35, and the remaining 25% are 17Cl37, which has a mass of 37. Therefore, the average mass of the atoms is (0.75 * 35) + (0.25 * 37) = 35.5.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Atom 1H1 dan 1H2 merupakan ....
- A.
Isotop
- B.
Isoton
- C.
Isobar
- D.
Isoterm
- E.
Isoseismik
Correct Answer
A. IsotopExplanation
The given correct answer is "isotop". Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. In this case, Atom 1H1 and 1H2 are both hydrogen atoms (element with atomic number 1) but they have different numbers of neutrons, making them isotopes of hydrogen.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Unsur-unsur isoton adalah ...
- A.
Unsur-unsur yang memiliki jumlah netron sama
- B.
Unsur-unsur yang memiliki nomor atom sama
- C.
Unsur-unsur dengan massa atom sama
- D.
Unsur-unsur yang memiliki jumlah elektron sama
- E.
Unsur-unsur dengan jumlah proton sama
Correct Answer
A. Unsur-unsur yang memiliki jumlah netron samaExplanation
The correct answer is "unsur-unsur yang memiliki jumlah netron sama." Isotones are elements that have the same number of neutrons but different numbers of protons and electrons. This means that they have different atomic numbers and electron configurations, but their atomic masses are the same because the number of neutrons determines the mass of an atom. Therefore, elements with the same number of neutrons are considered isotones.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Unsur Boron memiliki dua isotop, yaitu 5B10 dan 5B11. Boron memiliki massa atom relatif = 10,9. Prosentase kelimpahan isotop 5B10 adalah ...
- A.
100%
- B.
90%
- C.
10%
- D.
20%
- E.
80%
Correct Answer
C. 10%Explanation
The given question states that Boron has two isotopes, 5B10 and 5B11, and its relative atomic mass is 10.9. The question asks for the percentage abundance of the isotope 5B10. To find the percentage abundance, we need to subtract the atomic mass of 5B11 from the relative atomic mass of Boron and divide it by the difference between the atomic masses of both isotopes. The calculation is as follows: (10.9 - 11) / (10 - 11) = 0.9 / 1 = 0.9. Finally, we convert this decimal to a percentage, which is 0.9 * 100 = 90%. Therefore, the correct answer is 90%.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Massa atom X = 40, dan memiliki 21 netron dalam intinya. Nomor atom X adalah ...
- A.
40
- B.
20
- C.
21
- D.
19
- E.
61
Correct Answer
D. 19Explanation
The atomic mass of atom X is 40, and it has 21 neutrons in its nucleus. The atomic number of an element represents the number of protons in its nucleus. Since the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons in a neutral atom, the atomic number also represents the number of electrons. Therefore, the atomic number of atom X can be calculated by subtracting the number of neutrons (21) from the atomic mass (40), which gives us 19.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Atom 47Ag108 memiliki jumlah proton, netron, dan elektron berturut-turut adalah ...
- A.
47, 47, 108
- B.
47, 61, 47
- C.
47, 108, 47
- D.
108, 47, 61
- E.
108, 61, 47
Correct Answer
B. 47, 61, 47Explanation
The correct answer is 47, 61, 47. This is because the atomic number of an atom represents the number of protons in its nucleus, which in this case is 47. The mass number of an atom is the sum of its protons and neutrons, which in this case is 108. Since the atom is neutral, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons, which is also 47.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Atom-atom yang memiliki jumlah proton + netron sama, disebut ...
- A.
Isotop
- B.
Isoton
- C.
Isobar
- D.
Isoterm
- E.
Isoseismik
Correct Answer
C. IsobarExplanation
Isobar adalah atom-atom yang memiliki jumlah proton dan netron yang sama. Isobar memiliki nomor massa yang berbeda, tetapi jumlah total partikel subatomiknya sama.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Diketahui atom netral 17Cl. Jumlah elektron pada aniion Cl- adalah ...
- A.
16
- B.
17
- C.
18
- D.
19
- E.
20
Correct Answer
C. 18Explanation
The atomic number of chlorine (Cl) is 17, which means it has 17 electrons in its neutral state. When chlorine gains one electron to form the chloride ion (Cl-), it gains a negative charge. Since electrons have a negative charge, the chloride ion will have one more electron than the neutral chlorine atom. Therefore, the chloride ion will have 18 electrons.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Jumlah elektron pada kation Ca2+ adalah 18. Maka nomor atom Ca adalah ...
- A.
16
- B.
17
- C.
18
- D.
19
- E.
20
Correct Answer
E. 20Explanation
The question states that the number of electrons in the Ca2+ cation is 18. Since cations have a positive charge, it means that the cation has lost two electrons from the neutral calcium atom. Therefore, the number of electrons in the neutral calcium atom would be 20, which is the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Diketahui atom netral 11Na23. Pada kation Na+ jumlah proton, netron, dan elektronnya berturut-turut yaitu ...
- A.
11, 12, 10
- B.
11, 12, 9
- C.
11, 12, 11
- D.
23, 11, 10
- E.
23, 10, 11
Correct Answer
A. 11, 12, 10Explanation
The correct answer is 11, 12, 10. This is because the atomic number of an element represents the number of protons in its nucleus. Since the atom is neutral, the number of protons must equal the number of electrons. Therefore, the atom has 11 protons and 11 electrons. The mass number of the atom is the sum of protons and neutrons, so it is 23. Since the atom is neutral, the number of electrons must equal the number of protons, so there are 11 electrons. Therefore, the atom has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Atom terdiri atas inti yang sangat kecil bermuatan positif, dikelilingi oleh elektron yang bermuatan negatif. Teori atom ini dikemukakan oleh ...
- A.
Rutherford
- B.
John Dalton
- C.
Thomson
- D.
Avogadro
- E.
Einstein
Correct Answer
A. RutherfordExplanation
The correct answer is Rutherford. Rutherford proposed the atomic theory that states that atoms have a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons. This theory was based on his famous gold foil experiment, which showed that most of the mass and positive charge of an atom is concentrated in its nucleus. This experiment provided evidence for the existence of a small, dense nucleus within the atom, contradicting Thomson's "plum pudding" model. Rutherford's atomic theory laid the foundation for our understanding of the structure of the atom.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Partikel atom tidak bermuatan yang ditemukan oleh James Chadwick adalah ...
- A.
Proton
- B.
Elektron
- C.
Netron
- D.
Nukleon
- E.
Positron
Correct Answer
C. NetronExplanation
James Chadwick menemukan partikel atom yang tidak bermuatan yang disebut neutron. Neutron memiliki massa yang hampir sama dengan proton, tetapi tidak memiliki muatan listrik. Penemuan neutron oleh Chadwick pada tahun 1932 merupakan kontribusi penting dalam pemahaman kita tentang struktur atom dan interaksi nuklir.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Atom merupakan bola pejal yang bermuatan positif dan di dalamnya tersebar muatan negatif elektron. Teori atom ini dikemukakan oleh ...
- A.
Thomson
- B.
Rutherford
- C.
Dalton
- D.
Max Planck
- E.
Heisenberg
Correct Answer
A. ThomsonExplanation
The correct answer is Thomson. Thomson proposed the "plum pudding" model of the atom, which states that the atom is a solid positively charged sphere with negatively charged electrons scattered throughout it. This model was based on his experiments with cathode rays and the discovery of electrons. Rutherford later disproved Thomson's model with his gold foil experiment, which led to the development of the nuclear model of the atom. Dalton, Max Planck, and Heisenberg made significant contributions to the understanding of atoms, but their theories were not specifically related to Thomson's model.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Tidak ada dua elektron dalam satu atom yang memiliki harga keempat bilangan kuantum yang sama. Hal ini dikenal sebagai ...
- A.
Kaidah Hund
- B.
Larangan Pauli
- C.
Azas Aufbau
- D.
Bilangan azimuth
- E.
Kaidah Avogadro
Correct Answer
B. Larangan PauliExplanation
The statement is referring to the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers. This principle is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics and helps explain the behavior and arrangement of electrons in atoms. The other options mentioned in the question are not relevant to this concept.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Keadaan yang paling rendah energinya (paling stabil) adalah bila elektron-elektron tersebut tersebar ke semua orbital dengan spin yang sejajar (spin sama). Aturan ini dikemukakan oleh ...
- A.
JJ. Thomson
- B.
Ernest Rutherford
- C.
John Dalton
- D.
Frederich Hund
- E.
John Dewey
Correct Answer
D. Frederich HundExplanation
Frederich Hund proposed the rule that states that the lowest energy state (most stable state) is achieved when electrons are distributed in all orbitals with parallel spins. This rule is known as Hund's rule. It explains the arrangement of electrons in atoms and the filling of electron orbitals.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Pengisian elektron dimulai dari tingkat energi terendah menuju tingkat energi yang lebih tinggi. Prinsip ini dikenal sebagai ...
- A.
Kaidah Hund
- B.
Larangan Pauli
- C.
Konsep Planck
- D.
Azas keteraturan
- E.
Prinsip Aufbau
Correct Answer
E. Prinsip AufbauExplanation
The correct answer is "Prinsip Aufbau." This principle states that electron filling begins from the lowest energy level and progresses to higher energy levels. It explains the order in which electrons occupy orbitals in an atom.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Suatu elektron memliki bilangan kuantum utama (n) = 3, artinya ...
- A.
Elektron berada di subkulit d
- B.
Elektron terletak pada kulit M
- C.
Ada 3 elektron di satu kulit
- D.
Elektron berada di orbital 3
- E.
Elektron memiliki 3 subkulit
Correct Answer
B. Elektron terletak pada kulit MExplanation
The statement "elektron terletak pada kulit M" is the correct answer because it directly translates to "the electron is located in the M shell." The question asks for the meaning of the principal quantum number (n) = 3, which refers to the shell or energy level that the electron is in. In this case, the electron is in the M shell.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Jumlah maksimal elektron yang ada di kulit N (kulit ke 4) sebanyak ...
- A.
2
- B.
8
- C.
10
- D.
18
- E.
32
Correct Answer
E. 32Explanation
The maximum number of electrons that can be present in the fourth shell (N shell) is 32. This is because the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in any shell can be calculated using the formula 2n^2, where n is the shell number. In this case, for the fourth shell, the maximum number of electrons is 2(4)^2 = 32.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Jumlah elektron maksimal yang menempati subkulit s, p, d, f, berturut-turut adalah ...
- A.
2, 6, 10, 14
- B.
2, 8, 18, 32
- C.
10, 20, 30, 40
- D.
6, 10, 14, 18
- E.
1, 2, 4, 5
Correct Answer
A. 2, 6, 10, 14Explanation
The maximum number of electrons that can occupy the s, p, d, and f subshells are 2, 6, 10, and 14 respectively. This is determined by the number of orbitals in each subshell and the maximum number of electrons that can fit in each orbital (which is 2). The s subshell has 1 orbital, so it can hold a maximum of 2 electrons. The p subshell has 3 orbitals, so it can hold a maximum of 6 electrons. The d subshell has 5 orbitals, so it can hold a maximum of 10 electrons. And the f subshell has 7 orbitals, so it can hold a maximum of 14 electrons.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Secara teori (bila ada), maka subkulit g akan berisi ...
- A.
2 elektron
- B.
4 elektron
- C.
8 elektron
- D.
18 elektron
- E.
22 elektron
Correct Answer
D. 18 elektronExplanation
The correct answer is 18 elektron because the subshell g can hold a maximum of 18 electrons according to the Aufbau principle and the rules of electron configuration.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Harga bilangan kuantum yang TIDAK MUNGKIN adalah ...
- A.
N = 3, l = 0, m = 0, s = -1/2
- B.
N = 2, l = 0, m = -1, s = +1/2
- C.
N = 1, l = 0, m = 0, s = +1/2
- D.
N = 4, l = 3, m = -3, s = -1/2
- E.
N= 2, l = 1, m = +1, s = -1/2
Correct Answer
B. N = 2, l = 0, m = -1, s = +1/2Explanation
The given answer n = 2, l = 0, m = -1, s = +1/2 is not possible because the value of m (-1) is not within the range of -l to +l. In this case, l = 0, so the only possible value for m should be 0. Therefore, the given combination of quantum numbers is not valid.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Elektron terakhir suatu atom memiliki harga bilangan kuantum n = 3, l = 0, m = 0, s = -1/2. Atom tersebut bernomor atom ...
- A.
10
- B.
12
- C.
14
- D.
18
- E.
20
Correct Answer
B. 12Explanation
The given information states that the last electron of an atom has quantum numbers n = 3, l = 0, m = 0, and s = -1/2. The quantum number n represents the principal energy level, l represents the azimuthal quantum number (which determines the shape of the orbital), m represents the magnetic quantum number (which determines the orientation of the orbital), and s represents the spin of the electron. Based on the given values, we can conclude that the electron is in the 3s orbital. The atomic number of an element determines the number of electrons in the atom. Since the electron is in the 3s orbital, the atom must have 12 electrons, which corresponds to the element with the atomic number 12. Therefore, the answer is 12.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Atom bernomor 20 memiliki konfigurasi elektron ...
- A.
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
- B.
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
- C.
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10
- D.
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6
- E.
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p4
Correct Answer
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2Explanation
The given answer, "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2," represents the electron configuration of Atom bernomor 20. Each number and letter in the configuration represents a specific orbital and the number of electrons it contains. The "1s2" indicates that there are 2 electrons in the 1s orbital, the "2s2" indicates that there are 2 electrons in the 2s orbital, and so on. The configuration continues until the 4s orbital, which contains 2 electrons. This configuration follows the Aufbau principle and the Pauli exclusion principle, which govern the order and arrangement of electrons in an atom's orbitals.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Atom 29Cu memiliki konfigurasi elektron ...
- A.
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d9
- B.
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10
- C.
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 4s2 3d10
- D.
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s0 3d11
- E.
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4s2
Correct Answer
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10Explanation
The correct answer is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10. This is because the atomic number of copper (Cu) is 29, which means it has 29 electrons. The electron configuration represents the distribution of these electrons in different energy levels and orbitals. Starting from the first energy level, the electrons fill up the orbitals in a specific order. The electron configuration given in the answer follows the Aufbau principle, which states that electrons fill the lowest energy levels and orbitals first before moving to higher energy levels. Therefore, the correct electron configuration for copper is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Konfigurasi elektron atom unsur yang memiliki nomor 38 adalah ...
- A.
(Kr) 4s2
- B.
(Kr) 5s2
- C.
(Ar) 4s2 4d4
- D.
(Kr) 4s2 4d4
- E.
(Kr) 5s2 4p6
Correct Answer
B. (Kr) 5s2Explanation
The correct answer is (Kr) 5s2. The atomic number 38 corresponds to the element strontium (Sr), which has the electron configuration [Kr] 5s2. The [Kr] represents the electron configuration of the noble gas krypton, which is the closest noble gas to strontium in the periodic table. The 5s2 indicates that there are 2 electrons in the 5s orbital of the strontium atom.Rate this question:
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