NCCT ECG Certification Review - Part 2 (Anatomy & Physiology)

A sinus rhythm at a rate of 110 would be considered tachycardia because tachycardia refers to a faster than normal heart rate. In a sinus rhythm, the electrical signals in the heart are generated from the sinus node, which sets the pace for the heart. A normal sinus rhythm typically has a heart rate between 60 and 100 beats per minute. A heart rate of 110 would exceed the upper limit of the normal range, indicating tachycardia.

A sinus rhythm refers to the normal electrical activity of the heart, where the heartbeats originate from the sinus node. A heart rate of 58 is considered to be on the lower side of the normal range (60-100 beats per minute). Sinus bradycardia refers to a sinus rhythm with a heart rate below 60 beats per minute. Therefore, a sinus rhythm at a rate of 58 would be considered borderline sinus bradycardia.

The SA node, or sinoatrial node, is often referred to as the pacemaker of the heart. This is because it is responsible for initiating the electrical impulses that regulate the heart's rhythm and coordinate its contractions. The SA node is located in the right atrium of the heart and acts as the natural pacemaker, setting the pace for the rest of the heart.

The correct answer is c. slightly larger than a maifs fist. This answer suggests that the average size of an adult heart is slightly larger than the size of a person's fist. This is a commonly used comparison to help visualize the size of the heart.

A sinus rhythm rate of 55 is considered bradycardia because it is slower than the normal range of 60-100 beats per minute. Bradycardia refers to a slow heart rate, which can be caused by various factors such as certain medications, underlying medical conditions, or a naturally low resting heart rate.

The second sound heard when taking blood pressure is the diastolic pressure. This is the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats. The first sound heard is the systolic pressure, which is the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts. The venous pressure refers to the pressure in the veins, and the carotid refers to the carotid artery in the neck.

The aorta is the largest artery in the body. It originates from the left ventricle of the heart and carries oxygenated blood to all parts of the body. It is responsible for supplying blood to the organs, tissues, and cells, ensuring that they receive the necessary nutrients and oxygen for their proper functioning. The aorta is divided into different segments, including the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and descending aorta, which further branch out into smaller arteries throughout the body.

The valve described in the question, consisting of three triangular segments, is called the tricuspid valve. This valve is located between the upper and lower chambers of the sight side of the heart.

An aneurysm is a saclike bulging of the wall of a vein or artery. It occurs when the wall weakens and balloons out, creating a potential risk for rupture. This can lead to serious health complications, such as internal bleeding or stroke. Therefore, an aneurysm is the correct term to describe this condition.

The ventricles of the heart are responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. They receive blood from the atria and then contract to pump the blood out to the rest of the body. This pumping action ensures that oxygenated blood is delivered to the tissues and organs, while deoxygenated blood is returned to the lungs for oxygenation. Therefore, the correct answer is b. pumping.

The muscular well that divides the two lower chambers of the heart is called the ventricular septum. This structure separates the left and right ventricles, ensuring that oxygenated and deoxygenated blood do not mix within the heart. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the efficient functioning of the heart and preventing any backflow of blood. The tricuspid valve, vasoconstrictor, and vena cava are all different structures within the heart and do not serve the same function as the ventricular septum.

The correct answer is c. jugular. The jugular vein is responsible for returning blood from the head and neck back to the heart. It is located on either side of the neck and is a major pathway for venous blood flow in the body.

An area of tissue damaged or dead as a result of an insufficient blood supply due to an occlusion is called an infarct. This occurs when there is a blockage in the blood vessels, preventing adequate blood flow to the tissue. As a result, the tissue becomes deprived of oxygen and nutrients, leading to cell death and tissue damage. The term "infarct" is commonly used to describe this type of ischemic injury.

A sinus rhythm refers to the normal electrical activity of the heart. A heart rate of 100 beats per minute is slightly higher than the normal range (60-100 bpm), but not high enough to be classified as tachycardia. Therefore, it is considered borderline sinus tachycardia.

Electrical current spreads from the AV bundle into small fibers called Purkinje Fibers. These fibers are responsible for transmitting the electrical impulses to the ventricles, causing them to contract and pump blood out of the heart. The Purkinje Fibers are located in the walls of the ventricles and ensure coordinated and synchronized contraction of the ventricles, allowing for efficient blood circulation throughout the body.

When the blood supply is completely cut off to a part of the body, a state of anoxia exists in the tissue. Anoxia refers to the absence or lack of oxygen supply to the tissues. Without oxygen, the cells in that part of the body are unable to carry out their normal functions, leading to tissue damage and potentially cell death. This can occur in conditions such as a blocked blood vessel or severe injury that disrupts blood flow to a specific area.