Neuro Section Of Ped's Test
Stuff from the neuro muscular section. . .
- 1.
The most common permanent disability in children.
- A.
Spina Bifida
- B.
Cerebral Palsy
- C.
Glomerlular Disease
- D.
Asthma
Correct Answer
B. Cerebral PalsyExplanation
Cerebral Palsy is the most common permanent disability in children. It is a neurological disorder that affects movement, muscle tone, and coordination. It is caused by damage to the developing brain, usually before or during birth. This condition can result in various physical and cognitive impairments, such as difficulty walking, muscle stiffness, and speech problems. Cerebral Palsy can have a significant impact on a child's daily life and require ongoing medical care and therapy.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Cerebral palsy is..
- A.
Progressive
- B.
Non-progressive
- C.
Degenerative
Correct Answer
B. Non-progressiveExplanation
nonprogressive impairment of motor function control, especially muscle control and coordination.Rate this question:
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- 3.
With regards to CP, _______________plays the most significant role in the pathology of brain damage.
- A.
Genetics
- B.
Fetal alcohol syndrome
- C.
Anoxia
- D.
Premature birth
Correct Answer
C. AnoxiaExplanation
Anoxia refers to the absence or lack of oxygen supply to the brain, which can result in brain damage. This condition can occur due to various reasons, such as respiratory failure, cardiac arrest, or severe blood loss. When the brain is deprived of oxygen, it can lead to the death of brain cells and cause significant damage. Therefore, anoxia plays the most significant role in the pathology of brain damage, as it directly affects the brain's functioning and can have long-lasting consequences.Rate this question:
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- 4.
CP manifests differently in each child.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
This statement suggests that every child with CP (Cerebral Palsy) may experience different symptoms or have varying degrees of severity. CP is a neurological disorder that affects muscle control and movement, and it can present differently in each individual. This could mean that one child may have difficulty with fine motor skills while another may struggle with balance and coordination. Therefore, the statement is true as CP does indeed manifest differently in each child.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Cerebral Palsy is associated with cerebral damage; especially during: (choose all that apply)
- A.
The perinatal period
- B.
The prenatal period
- C.
Adolescence
Correct Answer(s)
A. The perinatal period
B. The prenatal periodExplanation
Cerebral Palsy is a condition that is associated with cerebral damage, which means damage to the brain. The perinatal period refers to the time immediately before and after birth, while the prenatal period refers to the time before birth. Both of these periods are crucial for brain development, and any damage that occurs during these times can lead to cerebral palsy. Adolescence, on the other hand, is not typically associated with cerebral damage and therefore is not a correct answer in this context.Rate this question:
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- 6.
An 8 month old is admitted with head injuries after falling from his high chair. The nurse closely monitors for signs of increased intracranial pressure. She should expect an 8-month old with increased ICP to have:
- A.
Diplopia
- B.
Headache
- C.
Behavior changes
- D.
A bulging fontanel.
Correct Answer
D. A bulging fontanel.Explanation
Because the anterior fontanel hasn't closed by age 8 months, an infant's head can increase in size as ICP increases. Assessing for diplopia (double vision), or headache in an infant is difficult. Behavior changes may occur, but they would be subtler than increased head size.Rate this question:
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- 7.
A 6-year old is admitted to the ER after falling from a tree. Which question helps to assess level of consciousness (LOC)?
- A.
What is your name?
- B.
Do you have a headache?
- C.
What day is it?
- D.
What happened after you fell out of the tree?
Correct Answer
A. What is your name?Explanation
Ask simple age appropriate questions such as What is your name? to assess LOC. Headache is a symptom of increased ICP, but a 6 year old may not be able to distinguish whether his headache results from the fall.Rate this question:
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- 8.
While caring for a 6 year old with a basilar skull fracture, the nurse notices that the child has developed fever and is becoming drowsy. The nurse should suspect which condition?
- A.
Meningitis
- B.
Hemorrhage
- C.
Herniation
- D.
Edema
Correct Answer
A. MeningitisExplanation
Fever, head injury, drowsiness. . .hello! lolRate this question:
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- 9.
A nurse is assessing a 3 year old who has had surgery for ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement to treat hydrocephalus. Which symptom indicates that the child has increased ICP?
- A.
Bulging Fontanel
- B.
Vomiting
- C.
Nuchal rigidity
- D.
Sunset eyes
Correct Answer
B. VomitingExplanation
vomiting is an indication that a child who has a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in place is experiencing increased ICP. A 3 year old has closed fontanels, so they wouldn't bulge. Nuchal rigidity is a sign of meningitis. Sunset eyes (both eyes forced downdward, revealing an area of the sclera above the iris? are a sign of long term increased ICP, not postoperative increased ICP. They're usually associated with unresolved, long-term hydrocephalus or tumor.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Microcephaly is usually associated with mental retardation. Which finding indicates that an infant has microcephaly?
- A.
Premature closure of single or multiple sutures of the cranial vault
- B.
Head circumference more than two standard devieations above average on growth charts.
- C.
Head circumference more that two standard deviations below average on growth charts.
- D.
Premature closure of the coronal sutures, causing the skull to become shortened.
Correct Answer
C. Head circumference more that two standard deviations below average on growth charts.Explanation
Microcephaly is dx when the infant's head circumference is more than two standard deviations below average on growth charts. Head circumferenc more than two standard deviations above the growth charts indicates hydrocephalus.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which factor accounts for the fact that a young child's response to head injury differs from that of an adolescent or an adult?
- A.
Proportionally larger head size
- B.
Thicker brain tissue
- C.
Large subdural spaces
- D.
Smaller volume of blood in the brain
Correct Answer
A. Proportionally larger head sizeExplanation
young child has larger head, greater volume of blood in brain, smaller subdural spaces and thinner softer brain tissue.Rate this question:
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- 12.
An infant was diagnosed with phenylketonuria (PKU) at age 6 weeks. At follow-up home visits, the nurse should assess for:
- A.
Hemolytic disease
- B.
Delayed development
- C.
Erythroblastosis fetalis
- D.
Hyaline membrane disease
Correct Answer
B. Delayed developmentExplanation
Delayed development because the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is lacking, phenylalanine accumulates in the bloodstream of children with PKU. This affects the brain and Central nervous system and can cause impaired cognitive development, slow language devlopment, and learning disorders.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Leading cause of head injury in children under age 5?
- A.
Nonaccidental trauma
- B.
Falls at home
- C.
MVA
- D.
Trauma caused by sibling
Correct Answer
B. Falls at homeExplanation
Falls at home are the leading cause of head injury in children under age 5. Young children are more prone to falls due to their developing motor skills and lack of coordination. They may fall from furniture, stairs, or playground equipment, which can result in head injuries. It is crucial to ensure a safe environment for young children by implementing safety measures such as using safety gates, securing furniture, and supervising them closely to prevent falls and reduce the risk of head injuries.Rate this question:
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- 14.
A 4 year old is in the emergency department for a 2 day old puncture wound that occurred when he stepped on a nail. Which assessment finding suggests tetanus?
- A.
Stiffness of the neck and jaw
- B.
Decreased LOC
- C.
Abdominal cramping and vomiting
- D.
Purulent drainage from the puncture site
Correct Answer
A. Stiffness of the neck and jawExplanation
early symptoms of tetanus include progressive stiffness and tenderness in the muscles of the neck and jaw.Rate this question:
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- 15.
A 2-year old is diagnosed with concommunicating hydrocephalus due to an Arnold-Chiari malformation. Arnold-Chiari malformation results in an accumulation of CSF within the ventricular system. This accumulation is caused by
- A.
Inadequate absorption of CSF within the subarachnoid space
- B.
Delayed closure of the skull sutures
- C.
Premature closure of the skull sutures
- D.
Obstruction of csf within the ventricles
Correct Answer
D. Obstruction of csf within the ventriclesExplanation
the accumulation of csf results from an obstruction of csf within the ventricles. Arnold Chiari malformation is a congenital malformation in which the cerebellum and medulla oblongata extend down through the foramen magnum. This prevents circulation of CSF between the ventricles, resulting in accumulation of excess csf. Hydrocephalus that results from inadequate absorption of CSF within the subarachnoid space is communicating hydrocephalus.Rate this question:
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- 16.
A 10 year old is having a tonic clonic seizure at school. What is the first intervention by the nurse?
- A.
Loosen restrictive clothing
- B.
Turn the child to a side lying position
- C.
Place the child in an upright position
- D.
Put a tongue blade in the child's mouth
Correct Answer
B. Turn the child to a side lying positionExplanation
I was surprised by this one too. A tonic clonic seizure is usually accompanied by loss of consciousness and difficulty with excess saliva. The most important action is to protect the airway by turning the child to the side to prevent aspiration. It is not necessary to loosen restrictive clothing.Rate this question:
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- 17.
A nurse is assessing an infant after repair of a myelomeningocele. What complication is the most common with this defect?
- A.
Sepsis
- B.
Meningitis
- C.
Hydrocephalus
- D.
Central cyanosis
Correct Answer
C. HydrocepHalusExplanation
Myelomeningocele. Just remember hydrocephalus is the most common complication.Rate this question:
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- 18.
A child returns from surgery with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt for treatment of hydrocephalus. The first intervention is to :
- A.
Check the child's IV line
- B.
Take the childs vital signs
- C.
Check the head and abdominal dressings
- D.
Place the child on the nonoperative side
Correct Answer
C. Check the head and abdominal dressingsExplanation
When a child has surgery, the first action is to assess the surgical dressings. Head and abdominal dressings can be assessed without turning the child to either side.Rate this question:
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- 19.
With the exception of the Babinski reflex which lasts til around age 12 months, most infantile reflexes should be gone at around 4 months.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Clinch fists, tonic neck, tongue thrustsRate this question:
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- 20.
At 3 months infant should have head control with it being well established by 4 months.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Infants typically develop head control between 2 to 4 months of age. At 3 months, most infants should have already developed head control, meaning they can hold their head up and steady without support. By 4 months, head control should be well established, indicating that the infant can maintain their head in a stable position even when moving or being held upright. Therefore, the statement "At 3 months, an infant should have head control with it being well established by 4 months" is true.Rate this question:
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- 21.
A 3 month old infant has a ventriculoperitoneal shunt inserted. The nurse should pland to :
- A.
Keep the infant in the prone position
- B.
Apply sterile, moist dressings to the incision
- C.
Observe for signs of leakage of cerebrospinal fluid
- D.
Teach the parents the signs of increased intracranial pressure
Correct Answer
D. Teach the parents the signs of increased intracranial pressureExplanation
The parents must be taught to identify signs of increased intracranial pressure because this can develop if shunt malfunction occurs.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The nurse should teach the parents of an infant with cerebral palsy to:
- A.
Maintain immobility of limbs with splints
- B.
Focus on cognitive rather than motor skills
- C.
Preserve muscle tone to prevent contractures
- D.
Continue to offer the special formula to limit gagging
Correct Answer
C. Preserve muscle tone to prevent contracturesExplanation
Children with CP are especially prone to muscle tone disorders, including spasticity, which can lead to contractures.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Depending on the severity of the disability, the child may not be diagnosed with CP until up to 3 years of age, even if brain injury occurs before or at the time of birth.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement implies that a child may not be diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP) until up to 3 years of age, even if they experienced a brain injury before or during birth. This suggests that the symptoms of CP may not be immediately apparent and may take time to manifest or be recognized. Therefore, the answer "True" is correct, as it aligns with the information provided in the statement.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Which of the following statements are true regarding CP? (choose all that apply)
- A.
Early recognition is the key to obtaining optimal development.
- B.
It is a permanent disorder.
- C.
Anoxia plays the most significant role in the pathology of associated brain damage
- D.
It is a progressive disorder
Correct Answer(s)
A. Early recognition is the key to obtaining optimal development.
B. It is a permanent disorder.
C. Anoxia plays the most significant role in the pathology of associated brain damageExplanation
It is a non-progressive disorderRate this question:
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- 25.
This classification of CP presents as Floppy with diminished reflex response, as well as positive parachute reflex beyond 6 months.
- A.
Hypotonia
- B.
Hypertonia (spastic)
- C.
Athetoid (dyskinetic
- D.
Atxaxia
Correct Answer
A. HypotoniaExplanation
Hypotonia is the correct answer because it is characterized by decreased muscle tone and a floppy presentation. This is evident in the given information where it states that the classification of CP presents as floppy. Additionally, the presence of diminished reflex response further supports the diagnosis of hypotonia. The mention of a positive parachute reflex beyond 6 months is also consistent with hypotonia as this reflex is typically seen in infants with low muscle tone.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Classification of CP that may involve one or both sides of body, tense muscles, uncoordinated impaired fine gross and gross motor activity that is rigid and spastic, scissoring
- A.
Hypotonia
- B.
Hypertonia (spastic)
- C.
Athetoid (dyskinetic)
- D.
Ataxia
Correct Answer
B. Hypertonia (spastic)Explanation
The given symptoms of tense muscles, uncoordinated impaired fine gross and gross motor activity, rigidity, and scissoring are indicative of hypertonia (spastic) in cerebral palsy. Hypertonia refers to increased muscle tone, causing stiffness and difficulty with movement. In spastic cerebral palsy, this hypertonia affects one or both sides of the body, leading to muscle tightness and impaired coordination. The presence of spasticity and the specific motor impairments mentioned align with the symptoms of hypertonia (spastic) in cerebral palsy.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Classification of CP that affects the child's balance and depth perception, causing poor and irregular muscle coordination and an unsteady WIDE GAIT.
- A.
Hypotonia
- B.
Hypertonia (spastic)
- C.
Athetoid (dyskinetic)
- D.
Ataxia
Correct Answer
D. AtaxiaExplanation
Ataxia is the correct answer because it is a classification of cerebral palsy that affects the child's balance and depth perception, causing poor and irregular muscle coordination and an unsteady wide gait. Ataxia is characterized by difficulties in controlling movements and maintaining balance, which results in a lack of coordination and stability. This leads to an unsteady and wide gait, making it difficult for the child to walk or perform tasks that require precise movements.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Classification of CP abnormal, involuntary, slow, uncontrollable WRITHING movements of hands, feet, legs, more distally. Constant worm like WRITHING movements that usually involve all extremities.
- A.
Hypotoonia
- B.
Hypertonia (spastic)
- C.
Athetoid (dyskinetic)
- D.
Ataxia
Correct Answer
C. Athetoid (dyskinetic)Explanation
The correct answer is Athetoid (dyskinetic). The given description mentions abnormal, involuntary, slow, uncontrollable WRITHING movements of hands, feet, legs, more distally. These constant worm-like WRITHING movements typically involve all extremities. This description is characteristic of athetoid or dyskinetic movements, which are often seen in individuals with cerebral palsy. Athetoid movements are characterized by slow, writhing, and involuntary movements that affect the distal parts of the body.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Spina Bifida is a neural tube defect.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
a defect(s) in neural tube closure in the first 3-5 weeks of gestation. May involve the entire length of the neural tube or may be restricted to a small area.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Spina bifida is a failure of the spinal bony covering to close.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Spina bifida is a birth defect where the spinal column does not fully develop and close properly during pregnancy. This can result in an incomplete spinal cord and the exposure of the spinal nerves. It is caused by a failure of the spinal bony covering to close, leading to various complications and disabilities. Therefore, the statement "Spina bifida is a failure of the spinal bony covering to close" is true.Rate this question:
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- 31.
A defect in the bony spine invisible to the eye with no manifestations or problems.
- A.
Spina bifida occulta
- B.
Meningocele
- C.
Myelomeningocele
Correct Answer
A. Spina bifida occultaExplanation
Spina bifida occulta is a condition where there is a defect in the bony spine, but it is not visible to the naked eye and does not cause any symptoms or issues. Unlike meningocele and myelomeningocele, which are more severe forms of spina bifida that involve the protrusion of the spinal cord and its covering through the defect, spina bifida occulta is a milder form. It is often discovered incidentally during imaging tests or physical examinations and typically does not require any treatment or intervention.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Spinal defect and the sac-like protrusion are present, but only spinal fluid and meninges are present in the sac. After the sac is repaired no further symptoms are usually seen since spinal nerves are not damaged.
- A.
Spina bifida occulta
- B.
Meningocele
- C.
Myelomeningocele
Correct Answer
B. MeningoceleExplanation
Meningocele is the correct answer because it is a type of spina bifida where there is a sac-like protrusion containing spinal fluid and meninges, but the spinal nerves are not damaged. After repairing the sac, no further symptoms are usually seen because there is no nerve involvement. Spina bifida occulta refers to a hidden form of spina bifida where the spinal cord and meninges may be present, but there is no sac or protrusion. Myelomeningocele, on the other hand, is a more severe form of spina bifida where the sac contains spinal fluid, meninges, and the spinal cord itself, leading to potential nerve damage and symptoms.Rate this question:
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- 33.
The term spina bifida is usually used to refer to this condition. There is a visible defect in the spine with a sacklike protrusion at any level of the spinal column at the midline of the bac. The sac contains meninges, spinal fluid , and nerves
- A.
Spina bifida occulta
- B.
Meningocele
- C.
Myelomeningocele
Correct Answer
C. MyelomeningoceleExplanation
Myelomeningocele is the correct answer because it refers to a type of spina bifida where there is a visible defect in the spine with a sac-like protrusion at any level of the spinal column. This sac contains meninges, spinal fluid, and nerves. Spina bifida occulta refers to a less severe form of spina bifida where the defect is not visible externally. Meningocele refers to a type of spina bifida where the sac only contains meninges and spinal fluid, but not nerves.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Neural tube defect has been linked to insufficient folic acid in the maternal diet.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
up to 70% of cases of spina bifida are thought to be preventable if women of childbearing age take 400 mcg of folic acid daily before becoming pregnant.Rate this question:
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- 35.
A woman who is pregnant is undergoing an amniocentesis. During the test, elevated lefels of AFP are found. What further diagnostic tests will be performed? Check all that apply
- A.
MRI
- B.
CT Scan
- C.
Radiograph
- D.
Kernig's
Correct Answer(s)
A. MRI
B. CT Scan
C. RadiograpHExplanation
If alpha-fetoprotein levels are elevated in amniotic fluid, the primary care provider will order and MRI, CT scan, radiograph, or other test to determine what type of neural tube defect the fetus might have.Rate this question:
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- 36.
An infant is born with a myelomeningocele at the high lumbar level. What nursing assessments and interventions should the nurse prepare for after the child is born and before the infant's initial surgery to repair the defect? Choose all that apply:
- A.
Protect the sac over the infant's spinal cord with a clear sterile dressing and avoid pressure to the area.
- B.
Place the infant in supine position until surgery is performed.
- C.
Observe for signs of hydrocephalus by monitoring for bulging fontanels and measuring serial head circumference.
- D.
Monitor the infant's skin integrity and prevent pressure sores, observe the infant's ability to move extremities, and take the infant's temperature (may indicate infection)
Correct Answer(s)
A. Protect the sac over the infant's spinal cord with a clear sterile dressing and avoid pressure to the area.
C. Observe for signs of hydrocepHalus by monitoring for bulging fontanels and measuring serial head circumference.
D. Monitor the infant's skin integrity and prevent pressure sores, observe the infant's ability to move extremities, and take the infant's temperature (may indicate infection)Explanation
infant should be placed PRONE and in frog leg position until surgery is performed.Rate this question:
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- 37.
A 6-year old child with spina bifida (myelomeningocele) is not yet toilet trained for either bowel or bladder. Nursing interventions of this child are based on the knowledge that the child with spina bifida:
- A.
Has intellectual delays that may delay the ability to toilet train her.
- B.
Cannot be toilet trained because she is in a wheelchair and has difficulty usint the toilet.
- C.
Has decreased enervation to bowel and bladdeer and requires special strategies to manage bowel and bladder function.
- D.
Has difficulty with toilet training due to the inability to coordinate the use of arms and legs.
Correct Answer
C. Has decreased enervation to bowel and bladdeer and requires special strategies to manage bowel and bladder function.Explanation
Decreased enervation,caused by damage to the spinal cord above the area that affects bowel and bladder control (lower sacral area), is present in all children with spina bifida. The child will require special strategies to manage bowel and bladder control, Intellectual delays occur in some children with spina bifida, but theses are not the cause of toilet training problems. Being in a wheelchair or having coordingation problems are not the cause of the child's bowel and bladder difficulties.Rate this question:
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- 38.
A child with spina bifida should be instructed in intermittent bladder cathetization using a clean latex catheter.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
False: although the child may learn to catheterize himself intermittently, it is important to use a nonlatex catheter due to the child's potential risk for latex allergy.Rate this question:
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- 39.
A priority nursing diagnosis for a child who sits in a wheelchair all day is risk for impaired skin integrity.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Due to decreased sensation, the child with paralysis who sits in a wheelchair is at very high risk for pressure ulcers.Rate this question:
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- 40.
A school age child with spina bifida has a shunt in place for hydrocephalus. Which of the following signs and symptoms are manifestations of increased intracranial pressure? (select all that apply).
- A.
Fever
- B.
Hypotension
- C.
Headache
- D.
Lethargy
- E.
Bulging anterior fontanel
- F.
Seizures
- G.
Change in school performance
Correct Answer(s)
C. Headache
D. Lethargy
F. Seizures
G. Change in school performanceExplanation
Headache, lethargy, seizures, change in school performance or personality , and nausea/vomiting are some of the manifestations of increased ICP. Body temp changes are not a sign increased ICP. Hypertension and widening pulse pressure may be signs of increased ICP, but hypotension is not. The anterior fontanel should be closed in children after 18 months.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Duchenne Muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common form of MD.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Inherited as an x-linked recessive trait, DMD has an onset between 3 and 5 years of age. Life expectancy for DMD reaches into early adulthood.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a group of inherited disorders with progressive degeneration of symmetric skeletal muscle groups.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Muscular dystrophy is indeed a group of inherited disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration of symmetric skeletal muscle groups. This means that the condition affects multiple muscle groups in a symmetrical pattern and worsens over time. Therefore, the statement "Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a group of inherited disorders with progressive degeneration of symmetric skeletal muscle groups" is true.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Scenario: A child was diagnosed with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy 2 years ago. He is now confined to a wheelchair and often needs supplemental oxygen to maintain adequate oxygenation. He is admitted to the pediatric unit with bilateral bacterial pneumonia and is receiving intravenous antibiotics.What assessments will be needed daily for this child? Select all that apply.Assess:
- A.
Respiratory and cardiac status
- B.
LOC
- C.
Mobility
- D.
Fluid and electrolyte status
- E.
Skin integrity
Correct Answer(s)
A. Respiratory and cardiac status
C. Mobility
D. Fluid and electrolyte status
E. Skin integrityExplanation
The child with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy is at a higher risk for respiratory and cardiac complications due to the progression of the disease. Therefore, daily assessments of respiratory and cardiac status are necessary to monitor for any changes or worsening of symptoms. Additionally, since the child is confined to a wheelchair, assessing mobility is important to ensure that the child is comfortable and able to move around without any issues. Duchenne's muscular dystrophy can also affect the muscles involved in swallowing, leading to difficulty in maintaining adequate fluid and electrolyte balance. Therefore, daily assessment of fluid and electrolyte status is necessary. Lastly, since the child is immobile and may have compromised skin integrity due to prolonged sitting, daily assessment of skin integrity is important to prevent pressure ulcers and other skin-related complications.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Scenario: A child was diagnosed with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy 2 years ago. He is now confined to a wheelchair and often needs supplemental oxygen to maintain adequate oxygenation. He is admitted to the pediatric unit with bilateral bacterial pneumonia and is receiving intravenous antibiotics. What comfort measures need to be provided for this child? Choose all that apply:
- A.
Support joints and extremities
- B.
Turn frequently
- C.
Ice swollen joints
- D.
Provide diversional activities appropriate for the child's age
Correct Answer(s)
A. Support joints and extremities
B. Turn frequently
D. Provide diversional activities appropriate for the child's ageExplanation
There isn't joint swelling.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Duchenne's Muscular dystrophy is inherited by X-linked recessive trait.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
An x-linked recessive trait means the mother of the child is the carrier of the disease.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Most myelomeningoceles involve the lumbar and lumbosacral area.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Myelomeningoceles are a type of birth defect where the spinal cord and surrounding tissues do not properly develop. They typically occur in the lumbar and lumbosacral area, which is the lower back region. Therefore, it is true that most myelomeningoceles involve the lumbar and lumbosacral area.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Hydrocephalus is frequently associated with spina bifida/myelomeningocele.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
True 90-95% have hydrocephalusRate this question:
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- 48.
Encephalocele is herniation of the brain through a skull defect.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Encephalocele refers to the condition where the brain protrudes through a defect in the skull. This can occur due to a birth defect or trauma. It is a true statement because encephalocele is indeed a herniation of the brain through a skull defect.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Ancephaly is an interchangeable term with microcephaly.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Anacephaly is the absence of the brain with exposed vascular mass with no bony covering. May use transillumination for diagnosis.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Tethered Cord is another problem sometimes associated with Spina Bifida where there is pulling and stretching on the fixed spinal cord.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Tethered Cord is indeed another problem that can be associated with Spina Bifida. This condition occurs when the spinal cord is abnormally attached to the surrounding tissues, causing it to be pulled or stretched. This can lead to various neurological symptoms and complications. Therefore, the statement "Tethered Cord is another problem sometimes associated with Spina Bifida where there is pulling and stretching on the fixed spinal cord" is true.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Feb 19, 2011Quiz Created by
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