Exercise Physiology - Qp1

The human skeleton is indeed made up of 206 bones. The skeletal system provides support, protection, and movement for the body. It also plays a crucial role in producing blood cells and storing minerals. The skeleton consists of different types of bones, such as long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones, which together form the framework of the human body.

The fibula is a bone located in the lower leg that runs parallel to the tibia. It provides support to the ankle joint and helps stabilize it during movements such as walking, running, and jumping. Additionally, the fibula serves as an attachment point for various muscles in the lower leg, including the calf muscles. Therefore, it can be concluded that the fibula acts as a support to both the ankle and the muscles of the lower leg.

The appendicular skeleton refers to the bones that make up the appendages or limbs of the body, including the arms, legs, shoulders, and hips. These bones are responsible for movement and provide support and stability to the body. Therefore, it is correct to say that the appendicular skeleton includes all the appendages.

Cartilage is a type of connective tissue found in the body. It provides support, flexibility, and cushioning to various structures. There are three basic types of cartilage found in the body: hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage. Hyaline cartilage is the most common type and is found in areas such as the nose, trachea, and ends of long bones. Elastic cartilage contains elastic fibers and is found in structures like the outer ear and epiglottis. Fibrocartilage is the toughest type and is found in areas that require extra support, such as the intervertebral discs and knee joints.

The skeletal system provides support to the body, allowing it to maintain its shape and structure. It also plays a crucial role in movement, as the bones act as levers for muscles to pull on, enabling various types of movement. Additionally, the skeletal system serves as a mineral storage site, storing important minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, which are essential for various bodily functions.

During exercise, the internal intercostals do not contract to pull the ribcage upwards. Instead, it is the external intercostals that contract to lift the ribcage during inhalation. The internal intercostals are involved in forced exhalation, where they contract to pull the ribcage downwards and decrease the volume of the thoracic cavity. Therefore, the statement that the internal intercostals contract and help to pull the ribcage upwards during exercise is false.

Exercise has many beneficial effects for the skeletal system. Skeletal tissues become stronger because exercise stresses the bones, which leads to increased bone density and strength. Tendons also thicken with exercise, allowing them to withstand greater muscular force and reducing the risk of injury. Additionally, exercise can cause ligaments to stretch slightly, which improves flexibility and enables a greater range of movement at the joint. These effects of exercise on the skeletal system contribute to overall bone and joint health.

The statement suggests that the skeleton continues to grow in length and strength well into the early teens. However, this is not entirely accurate. While the skeleton does continue to grow during the teenage years, the majority of bone growth and development occurs during childhood. By the time an individual reaches their early teens, most of their bones have already reached their adult size and strength. Therefore, the statement is false.