Stimulation Of Plant Defenses: Quiz 1

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  • 1/12 Questions

    Whatever the kind of defense or resistance a host plant employs against a pathogen it is ultimately controlled, directly or indirectly, by the genetic material (genes) of the pathogen

    • True
    • False
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About This Quiz

Stimulation of Plant Defenses: Quiz 1 explores the mechanisms plants use to defend against pathogens. It assesses knowledge on physical barriers, fungal entry methods, types of pathogens, immune similarities between plants and animals, and the role of secondary metabolites and terpenes.

Stimulation Of Plant Defenses: Quiz 1 - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Both passive and active mode of defenses include structural and chemical defenses

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Both passive and active modes of defense include structural and chemical defenses. Passive defense mechanisms involve physical barriers such as thorns, shells, or tough outer coverings that protect organisms from predators. Active defense mechanisms, on the other hand, involve chemical substances produced by organisms to deter or harm potential threats. These chemical defenses can include toxins, irritants, or repellents. Therefore, it is true that both passive and active modes of defense utilize structural and chemical defenses to protect organisms.

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  • 3. 

    A plant lacking secondary metabolites would likely

    • Be unable to carry out photosynthesis

    • Be susceptible to infection by pathogens

    • Be resistant to predation by herbivores.

    • Paralyze animals who ingested it

    Correct Answer
    A. Be susceptible to infection by pathogens
    Explanation
    A plant lacking secondary metabolites would likely be susceptible to infection by pathogens. Secondary metabolites in plants play a crucial role in defense mechanisms against pathogens. These compounds can act as toxins or deterrents to inhibit the growth and spread of pathogens, protecting the plant from infection. Without these secondary metabolites, the plant's ability to defend itself against pathogens would be compromised, making it more vulnerable to infections.

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  • 4. 

    Fungal pathogens can enter their host by means of  :

    • Enzymes (cutinases)

    • Mechanical Force (appresoria)

    • Wounds, stomatal pores

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Fungal pathogens can enter their host through multiple means. They can use enzymes called cutinases to break down the host's protective cuticle layer. They can also exert mechanical force through specialized structures called appressoria to penetrate the host's surface. Additionally, they can exploit existing wounds or openings such as stomatal pores to gain entry. Therefore, the correct answer is that fungal pathogens can enter their host by means of enzymes, mechanical force, and wounds/stomatal pores.

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  • 5. 

     Both plant and animal immune systems can

    • Develop memory of past pathogens to more effectively deal with subsequent infections

    • Establish physical barriers to infection

    • Release molecules to fend off pathogen

    • All of these are true

    Correct Answer
    A. All of these are true
    Explanation
    Both plant and animal immune systems have the ability to develop memory of past pathogens, allowing them to mount a faster and more effective response to subsequent infections. They also establish physical barriers, such as the skin or cell walls, to prevent pathogens from entering the body. Additionally, both plant and animal immune systems release molecules, such as antibodies or antimicrobial peptides, to fend off pathogens and inhibit their growth. Therefore, all of the given statements are true.

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  • 6. 

    Phytoalexins are antimicrobial compounds that are synthesized from remote precursors

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Phytoalexins are indeed antimicrobial compounds that are synthesized from remote precursors. These compounds are produced by plants in response to microbial infection or other stresses, and they help to inhibit the growth of pathogens. This defense mechanism is an important part of a plant's immune system, allowing it to protect itself from harmful microorganisms.

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  • 7. 

    If you were a plant pathogen, what would be the first obstacle to invading a host plant that you would have to overcome?

    • Chemical toxins on the surface of a plant

    • Physical barriers on the exterior of a plant

    • Physical barriers on the exterior of a plant

    • Immune proteins in the plant tissue

    Correct Answer
    A. Physical barriers on the exterior of a plant
    Explanation
    As a plant pathogen, the first obstacle to invading a host plant would be the physical barriers on the exterior of the plant. These physical barriers can include the plant's outer layer of cells, such as the epidermis, which acts as a protective barrier against pathogens. Additionally, the plant may have structures like trichomes or thorns that can physically impede the pathogen's entry. Overcoming these physical barriers is crucial for the pathogen to establish an infection and access the plant's nutrients and resources.

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  • 8. 

    Cutin, waxes and suberins are types of secondary metabolites used in the chemical defenses

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Cutin, waxes, and suberins are not types of secondary metabolites used in chemical defenses. They are actually types of lipids that are found in the outer layers of plants and serve as protective barriers against water loss, pathogens, and other environmental stresses. While some secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids and phenolics, can be involved in chemical defenses, cutin, waxes, and suberins do not fall into this category.

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  • 9. 

     A plant pathogen is called:

    • Necrotrophic when it kills the cells of the host plant.

    • Biotrophic when plant cells are killed

    • Hemibiotrophic when plant cells remain alive throughout the infection

    • Virulent

    Correct Answer
    A. Necrotrophic when it kills the cells of the host plant.
    Explanation
    A plant pathogen is called necrotrophic when it kills the cells of the host plant. This means that the pathogen obtains nutrients and energy by killing and decomposing the host cells. It relies on the death of the host cells for its own survival and reproduction. This is in contrast to biotrophic pathogens, which obtain nutrients from living host cells, and hemibiotrophic pathogens, which initially rely on living host cells but eventually switch to killing them. The term "virulent" does not specifically describe the relationship between a plant pathogen and its host cells.

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  • 10. 

    Any type of normally pathogenic organism or virus that utilizes host resources but does not cause extensive damage or death

    • Phytoestrogen

    • Allelopathy

    • Salicylic acid

    • Avirulent pathogen

    Correct Answer
    A. Avirulent pathogen
    Explanation
    An avirulent pathogen refers to any type of normally pathogenic organism or virus that utilizes host resources but does not cause extensive damage or death. This means that while the pathogen can still infect and live off the host, it does not result in severe harm or mortality.

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  • 11. 

    Non- protein amino acids are incorporated in essential proteins

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Non-protein amino acids are not incorporated into essential proteins. Essential proteins are made up of the 20 standard amino acids that are necessary for the proper functioning of the body. Non-protein amino acids may have other functions in the body, such as serving as neurotransmitters or being involved in the synthesis of other molecules, but they are not used to build essential proteins. Therefore, the statement that non-protein amino acids are incorporated in essential proteins is false.

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  • 12. 

    Terpenes can be found in

    • Lignin

    • Chlorophyll a

    • Glucosinates

    • Nicotine

    Correct Answer
    A. Chlorophyll a
    Explanation
    Chlorophyll a is a pigment found in plants that is essential for photosynthesis. It is responsible for capturing light energy and converting it into chemical energy. Terpenes, which are organic compounds, can be found in chlorophyll a. These terpenes play a role in various biological processes in plants, including defense against herbivores and attracting pollinators. Therefore, chlorophyll a is a correct answer as it is a source of terpenes.

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  • Current Version
  • Jul 25, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Jan 04, 2014
    Quiz Created by
    Asrour
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