Introduction To Computers Vocabulary

Software refers to the programs and data that enable computer hardware to function. It includes applications, operating systems, and other instructions that allow users to perform specific tasks on a computer. Without software, the hardware would be useless as it would not have any instructions or programs to execute. Software can be installed, downloaded, and updated to enhance the functionality and capabilities of computer systems.

Processing refers to the manipulation of data by a microprocessor or embedded processor. This manipulation is carried out based on instructions provided by a program or embedded in the chip itself. Therefore, the statement that processing involves the manipulation of data by a microprocessor or embedded processor according to instructions given to it by a program or embedded in the chip itself is true.

The main circuit board of a computer, known as the motherboard, houses the microprocessor and provides the means of connecting all the components that make up the computer. It also allows for the addition of special control units, such as sound boards, through expansion slots or sockets. The motherboard is a crucial component that enables the computer to function properly by providing communication and power connections between all the hardware components.

Artificial Intelligence is the correct answer because it refers to the branch of computer science that aims to replicate human intelligence in machines. This involves developing computer systems with the ability to learn from experience, reason, and solve problems or adapt to new situations. Artificial Intelligence encompasses various techniques and approaches, such as machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision, to achieve these goals.

The term "input" refers to the data that is entered into a computer. It can be any form of information, such as text, numbers, or commands, that is provided to the computer for processing. This can be done through various input devices, such as keyboards, mice, or touchscreens. Input is an essential part of the computer's operation as it allows users to interact with the system and provide the necessary instructions or data for processing.

An integrated circuit refers to a complete circuit that is constructed on a single chip using a chip fabrication process. It combines various electronic components such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors into a compact and interconnected unit. This allows for the integration of multiple functions and enhances the performance and efficiency of electronic devices.

Optical disks are indeed used to store computer or media data. Common formats such as CD-ROM, CD RW, DVD, HD-DVD, and Blu-ray are examples of optical disks. Optical drives utilize laser light to read the data stored on these disks. Additionally, optical drives have the capability to both record and read data. Therefore, the statement is true.

The term "hardware" refers to the physical components of a computer system that can be physically touched and interacted with, such as the keyboard, monitor, and computer case. This distinguishes it from software, which refers to the programs and instructions that run on the hardware. The other options listed, such as disk drive, RAM, and data, are all examples of specific types of hardware components that make up a computer system.

A hard disk is the main device that a computer uses to store information. It is a rigid aluminum or glass disk that is coated with ferromagnetic material and rotates around a central axle. Data is transferred magnetically by a read/write head. In a personal computer, a hard disk is about 3.5 inches in diameter, and in a laptop, it is smaller. A hard disk for a personal computer may contain as many as eight hard disks, rotating around the same axle. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Electronics is the correct answer because it is the adjective used to describe a device or result that relies on the action of electrons to function. Electronics encompasses the study, design, and use of electronic circuits and systems, which are built using electronic components that manipulate the flow of electrons to perform various tasks.

An embedded processor is a chip designed with a specific set of usable instructions that cannot be changed by the user. It is programmed to understand these instructions and perform specific tasks. Unlike an electrical current or electron, which are forms of energy, or electronic mail (email), which is a communication method, an embedded processor is specifically designed to process instructions and carry out tasks.

Data refers to raw facts or statistics that are collected or stored. It lacks context and meaning on its own. However, when data is conveyed in a context that is understandable and relevant to people, it becomes information. This means that data needs to be processed, organized, and interpreted in order to provide value and meaning to individuals or organizations. Therefore, data becomes information when it is presented in a meaningful and useful way.

RAM stands for random access memory. It is a type of computer memory that is used to store data that is being actively used by the computer's operating system, software programs, and applications. Unlike other types of memory, such as hard drives or solid-state drives, RAM is volatile, meaning that its contents are lost when the computer is powered off or restarted. RAM allows for quick and efficient access to data, as it can be read from and written to in any order, hence the term "random access." It plays a crucial role in determining the overall performance and speed of a computer system.

DVDs have greater capacity and bandwidth than CDs, making them a suitable storage medium for multimedia and data. DVDs can store more data and have faster data transfer rates compared to CDs, allowing for higher quality video and audio content. They are commonly used for movies, TV shows, and other forms of multimedia, as well as for backing up and storing large amounts of data.

A microprocessor is the main processing unit of a computer or information processing device. It is responsible for carrying out instructions, performing calculations, and interacting with the components used to operate the computer. It can be considered as the "brains" of the machine, as it is responsible for executing tasks and controlling the overall functioning of the computer system. The other options mentioned, such as motherboard, floppy disk, and data, are not the main processing unit of a computer and do not perform the same functions as a microprocessor.

Output refers to the computer-generated information that is presented to the user in a recognizable format, such as on a screen display, printed page, or through sound. It is the result of processing input data or performing operations on it. In this context, output can be seen as the final product or outcome of the information processing that occurs within a computer system.

Removable media refers to portable devices that allow for the storage of computer data. Examples of removable media include Memory Sticks, magnetic tapes, CD-ROM, and DVD R. These devices can be easily connected to a computer and used to transfer or store data. They are called removable media because they can be easily removed from the computer system when not in use.

The correct answer is "upload". To transfer information stored in the user's system to a remote computer system, the process of uploading is used. This involves sending data from the user's device to a remote server or computer system. It is the opposite of downloading, where data is transferred from a remote system to the user's device. The terms "internet" and "web" are related to the overall network and the World Wide Web, but they do not specifically refer to the act of transferring information from the user's system to a remote computer system.

Storage is the correct answer because it refers to any device or medium used to store information in computing. This can include hard drives, solid-state drives, optical discs, USB flash drives, and even cloud storage. Storage is an essential component in a computer system as it allows for the long-term retention of data, programs, and files. Without storage, the information would be lost once the power is turned off.

RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It is a type of computer memory that is used to store data and programs that are currently being processed by the computer. Unlike other types of memory, RAM is volatile, which means that its contents are automatically erased when the power is turned off. This makes it a temporary storage space for the computer. Any information in the RAM that needs to be stored for future use must be saved onto a disk or a tape. Therefore, the correct answer is RAM.

To transfer files or data from one computer to another, the process of downloading is used. Downloading refers to receiving files or data from another computer. On the other hand, uploading refers to transmitting files or data to another computer. Therefore, the correct answer is download.

A hard drive is a type of storage device in a computer system that holds permanent, stored instructions. It retains its contents even when the power is turned off, making it a non-volatile storage medium. Unlike random-access memory (RAM), which is volatile and loses its data when the power is turned off, a hard drive stores data on a magnetic disk or solid-state drive, allowing it to be accessed and retrieved even after a power cycle. Therefore, a hard drive fits the description of a system's permanent, stored instructions that are never changed and hold their contents when the power is turned off.

The given answer "information processing" correctly captures the main function of a computer, which is to capture, store, update, and retrieve data and information. Computers are designed to process and manipulate data in various forms, such as text, images, and videos. They perform tasks like calculations, data analysis, and communication, all of which involve processing information. Therefore, "information processing" accurately describes the core purpose of a computer.

The term "media" refers to the physical material used for storing computer-based information, such as paper, hard disks, CD-ROMs, DVDs, and optical disks. It encompasses any tangible medium that can hold data and is commonly used to refer to storage devices or formats.