EMEA Breast Recon Exam Level 2

1.

The _________ is a large triangular muscle that is responsible for the movements of the arm. .

A.

Pectoralis muscle
B.

Serratus magnus
C.

Anterior muscle
D.

External oblique

Correct Answer
A. Pectoralis muscle

Explanation
The pectoralis muscle is a large triangular muscle that is responsible for the movements of the arm. It is located in the chest area and is commonly known as the "pecs." This muscle plays a major role in activities such as pushing, pulling, and lifting, as well as stabilizing the shoulder joint. It is one of the main muscles involved in upper body strength and is often targeted in exercises such as bench presses and push-ups.

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2.

The breast is made up of lobes, lobules, ducts and connective tissue, ligaments and fat.

A.

True
B.

False

Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
The breast is indeed made up of lobes, lobules, ducts, connective tissue, ligaments, and fat. Lobes are the main divisions of the breast, which are further divided into smaller lobules. Lobules are responsible for producing milk. Ducts are the channels that carry milk from the lobules to the nipple. Connective tissue provides support and structure to the breast. Ligaments help to hold the breast in place. Fat is present in varying amounts and contributes to the size and shape of the breast. Therefore, the statement is true.

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3.

Adipose tissue is responsible for the overall size and shape of the breasts.

A.

True
B.

False

Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
Adipose tissue, also known as fat tissue, is present in the breasts and contributes to their overall size and shape. This tissue provides cushioning and support to the mammary glands and helps in determining the volume and appearance of the breasts. Therefore, it is true that adipose tissue plays a role in the overall size and shape of the breasts.

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4.

There are several risk factors associated with breast cancer. (Check all that correctly apply)

A.

Age
B.

Size of the breasts
C.

Hormone replacement therapy
D.

Obesity
E.

Alcohol consumption
F.

Number of breast lobules
G.

Not performing a breast exam

Correct Answer(s)
A. Age
C. Hormone replacement therapy
D. Obesity
E. Alcohol consumption

Explanation
The correct answer is age, hormone replacement therapy, obesity, and alcohol consumption. These risk factors have been identified through research as being associated with an increased likelihood of developing breast cancer. Age is a well-established risk factor, as the incidence of breast cancer increases with age. Hormone replacement therapy, particularly long-term use of estrogen and progestin, has been found to increase the risk of breast cancer. Obesity is also linked to an increased risk, likely due to the higher levels of estrogen produced by fat cells. Alcohol consumption has been shown to increase the risk of breast cancer, possibly due to its effect on hormone levels.

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5.

__________ is the definitive test for breast cancer:

A.

Biopsy
B.

CT Scan
C.

MRI
D.

Self-breast sxam

Correct Answer
A. Biopsy

Explanation
Biopsy is the definitive test for breast cancer because it involves the removal of a small sample of breast tissue for examination under a microscope. This allows for the accurate diagnosis of breast cancer by identifying the presence of cancer cells. Other imaging tests like CT scan and MRI can provide additional information, but they are not definitive in diagnosing breast cancer. Self-breast exam is a helpful tool for early detection, but it is not a diagnostic test. Therefore, biopsy is considered the gold standard for confirming the presence of breast cancer.

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6.

Expander/Implant or two-staged reconstruction is defined as:

A.

Reconstruction using a tissue expander followed by a breast implant
B.

Reconstruction in which a period of time lapses between surgery and reconstruction
C.

Reconstruction using a breast implant
D.

Reconstruction using a patient's own tissue followed by implant

Correct Answer
A. Reconstruction using a tissue expander followed by a breast implant

Explanation
Expander/Implant or two-staged reconstruction involves a two-step process. First, a tissue expander is placed in the breast area to create space and stretch the skin. Then, a breast implant is inserted to replace the expander and create the desired breast shape and size. This method allows for gradual expansion of the breast tissue and is commonly used in breast reconstruction surgeries.

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7.

A woman has undergone 10 weeks of external radiation to her left breast. Her skin is red, swollen and darker than the contra lateral breast. The surgeon diagnoses these symptoms as:

A.

Erythema and hypopigmentation
B.

Erythema and hyperpigmentation
C.

Iridescence and hyperpigmentation
D.

Iridescence and hypopigmentation

Correct Answer
B. Erythema and hyperpigmentation

Explanation
The woman's symptoms of red, swollen, and darker skin on her left breast are consistent with erythema (redness) and hyperpigmentation (darkening of the skin). Erythema is a common side effect of radiation therapy, as it causes inflammation and irritation of the skin. Hyperpigmentation occurs when there is an increase in melanin production in response to the radiation. This can result in the affected skin appearing darker compared to the unaffected breast.

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8.

What breast landmark does a surgeon consider to be the most important reference point on the breast?

A.

Nipple-areola complex
B.

Lateral mammary fold
C.

Suprasternal notch
D.

Inframammary fold

Correct Answer
D. Inframammary fold

Explanation
The inframammary fold is considered the most important reference point on the breast by a surgeon. This fold is the natural crease where the bottom of the breast meets the chest wall. It is used as a guide for determining the placement of surgical incisions and implants during breast surgery. The inframammary fold helps the surgeon achieve symmetry and a natural-looking result.

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Emea Breast Recon Exam Level 2

The _________ is a large triangular muscle that is responsible for the movements of the arm. .

The breast is made up of lobes, lobules, ducts and connective tissue, ligaments and fat.

Adipose tissue is responsible for the overall size and shape of the breasts.

There are several risk factors associated with breast cancer. (Check all that correctly apply)

__________ is the definitive test for breast cancer:

Expander/Implant or two-staged reconstruction is defined as:

A woman has undergone 10 weeks of external radiation to her left breast. Her skin is red, swollen and darker than the contra lateral breast. The surgeon diagnoses these symptoms as:

What breast landmark does a surgeon consider to be the most important reference point on the breast?