Ethics In America Section 1
In the simplest terms, ethics is basically the philosophical branch, which sets apart right and wrong. Ethics in America is a quiz testing on the code of ethics set by the American Constitution. Enjoy while at it.
- 1.
Which of the following philosophers started the peripatetic School
- A.
Thucydides
- B.
Plato
- C.
Aristotle
- D.
Plotinus
Correct Answer
C. AristotleExplanation
Aristotle is the correct answer because he was the philosopher who started the peripatetic school. The peripatetic school was named after the Greek word "peripatetikos," which means "walking about" or "strolling." This name was given to the school because Aristotle would often teach his students while walking around the Lyceum in Athens. The peripatetic school focused on a wide range of subjects, including philosophy, science, ethics, and politics, and it had a significant influence on Western thought for centuries.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Socrates was accused of which of these crimes?
- A.
Murder
- B.
Making slanderous and false accusations
- C.
Threatening the goverment
- D.
Corrupting the youth
Correct Answer
D. Corrupting the youthExplanation
Socrates was accused of corrupting the youth. This accusation stemmed from his teachings and philosophical discussions, which were seen as a threat to the traditional values and beliefs of the Athenian society. Socrates encouraged critical thinking and questioning, which some viewed as a dangerous influence on the younger generation. Despite his contributions to philosophy, Socrates was ultimately found guilty and sentenced to death by drinking poison hemlock.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Plotinus first Principle is best expressed through which two ideas?
- A.
Virtue and Happiness
- B.
Being and The Good
- C.
Unity and Oneness
- D.
Virtue and The Soul
Correct Answer
C. Unity and OnenessExplanation
Plotinus, a philosopher in ancient Greece, believed in the existence of a first principle that encompasses all reality. This principle is best expressed through the ideas of unity and oneness. According to Plotinus, everything in the world is interconnected and part of a greater whole. Unity refers to the idea that everything is connected and interdependent, while oneness emphasizes the concept of a single, unified existence. By understanding and embracing unity and oneness, one can gain a deeper understanding of the first principle and the nature of reality.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Plato believed which of these to be true about virtue and self-interest?
- A.
Everybody always chooses to do the virtuous thing
- B.
You can't be virtuous if you have self-interest.
- C.
People sometimes choose to do non-virtuous things.
- D.
Some people do things without any self-interest
Correct Answer
A. Everybody always chooses to do the virtuous thingExplanation
Plato believed that everybody always chooses to do the virtuous thing. According to him, virtue is inherently good and people are naturally inclined towards it. Plato argued that individuals act in their own self-interest because they believe it is virtuous to do so. He believed that by acting virtuously, individuals achieve the highest form of happiness and fulfillment. Plato's philosophy emphasized the importance of moral behavior and the pursuit of virtue in all aspects of life.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Thrasymachus statements express which two modern belief systems?
- A.
Moral Skepticism and Relativism
- B.
Self-Interest and Dominant Plitics
- C.
Punitive Justice and Force
- D.
Modernism and Relative Skepticism
Correct Answer
A. Moral Skepticism and RelativismExplanation
Thrasymachus' statements express moral skepticism and relativism. Moral skepticism is the belief that objective moral truths do not exist or cannot be known, while relativism is the belief that moral judgments are subjective and vary from person to person or culture to culture. Thrasymachus' arguments in Plato's "Republic" challenge the idea of objective morality and advocate for the idea that justice and morality are simply tools used by the powerful to maintain their dominance. This aligns with the concepts of moral skepticism and relativism.Rate this question:
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- 6.
In Plato's cave, the normal objects that we see each day are symbolized by what?
- A.
Dreams
- B.
Walls
- C.
Rocks
- D.
Shadows
Correct Answer
D. ShadowsExplanation
In Plato's cave allegory, the normal objects that we see each day are symbolized by shadows. This allegory suggests that our perception of reality is limited and that what we perceive as reality is merely a distorted reflection of the true forms or ideas. The shadows represent the illusions and false perceptions that we often mistake for reality.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The Doctrine of the Mean was created by which philosopher?
- A.
Socrates
- B.
Plato
- C.
Aristotle
- D.
Plotinus
Correct Answer
C. AristotleExplanation
The correct answer is Aristotle. Aristotle is known for developing the Doctrine of the Mean, which is a concept in ethics that emphasizes finding a balance between extremes. This doctrine suggests that virtue lies between two vices, and it is through moderation and finding the mean that one can achieve moral excellence. Aristotle's work on ethics and virtue ethics has had a significant influence on Western philosophy and continues to be studied and debated today.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The Doctrine of the Mean can be used for which purpose?
- A.
Calculating how virtuous we are.
- B.
Determining how much is right for us.
- C.
Determining who is nice and who is mean.
- D.
Calculating a mathematical average.
Correct Answer
B. Determining how much is right for us.Explanation
The Doctrine of the Mean is a concept in philosophy that suggests finding the balance or moderation between extremes. It encourages individuals to determine the right amount or degree of something that is appropriate for them. This principle can be applied in various aspects of life, such as determining the right amount of food, exercise, or leisure activities. It helps individuals avoid excess or deficiency and find a harmonious middle ground that is suitable for their own well-being and personal circumstances.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The type of 'mean' that falls between two extremes is which of the following?
- A.
Relative mean
- B.
Virtuous mean
- C.
Moderate mean
- D.
Absolute mean
Correct Answer
D. Absolute meanExplanation
The term "mean" typically refers to a value that falls between two extremes. In this context, the "absolute mean" would refer to a value that is not influenced by any other factors or variables, and is therefore considered to be a true representation of the middle point between the extremes. This is in contrast to the other options, which suggest a relative, virtuous, or moderate mean that may be influenced by external factors or subjective judgments. Therefore, the correct answer is "Absolute mean."Rate this question:
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- 10.
How were Jacob and Abraham related?
- A.
Jacob was the first-born son of Abraham.
- B.
Abraham was Jacob's ancestor.
- C.
Jacob and Abraham were brothers.
- D.
Jacob was Abraham's father.
Correct Answer
B. Abraham was Jacob's ancestor.Explanation
The given information states that Jacob was the first-born son of Abraham and that Abraham was Jacob's ancestor. This implies that Jacob and Abraham were not brothers or that Jacob was Abraham's father. Therefore, the correct answer is that Abraham was Jacob's ancestor, indicating that there is a generational relationship between the two individuals.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The covenant in the Bible refers to which promise?
- A.
Abraham's promise to Jacob.
- B.
God's promise to Jacob.
- C.
Jacob's promise to Abraham.
- D.
God's promise to Abraham.
Correct Answer
D. God's promise to Abraham.Explanation
The covenant in the Bible refers to the promise that God made to Abraham. In the book of Genesis, God promised to make Abraham the father of a great nation and to bless him and his descendants. This covenant included the promise of land and numerous descendants. This promise is significant because it establishes the foundation for the nation of Israel and plays a crucial role in the overall biblical narrative.Rate this question:
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- 12.
A paradox is which of the following?
- A.
Something that seems false because it is contradictory.
- B.
Something that seems to be contradictory but may be true.
- C.
Something that is contradictory but seems to be true.
- D.
Something that is true but seems to be contradictory.
Correct Answer
B. Something that seems to be contradictory but may be true.Explanation
A paradox is something that seems to be contradictory but may be true. Paradoxes often challenge our understanding and expectations by presenting ideas or situations that appear to be self-contradictory or logically impossible. They can be thought-provoking and invite us to reconsider our assumptions and beliefs.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The power given to the people increased according to which order of philosophers?
- A.
Hobbes, Rousseau, Locke.
- B.
Locke, Rousseau, Hobbes.
- C.
Locke, Jefferson, Hobbes.
- D.
Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau.
Correct Answer
D. Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau.Explanation
The correct answer is Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau. This order of philosophers represents the progression of political thought from the belief in absolute monarchy (Hobbes) to the idea of limited government and individual rights (Locke) and finally to the concept of popular sovereignty and social contract (Rousseau). This suggests that the power given to the people increased over time as these philosophers developed and refined their ideas.Rate this question:
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- 14.
According to Aquinas, the basis of natural law is which of the following?
- A.
God.
- B.
Divine Providence.
- C.
The way we naturally are.
- D.
Human nature.
Correct Answer
C. The way we naturally are.Explanation
Aquinas believed that the basis of natural law is the way we naturally are. He argued that human nature is inherently inclined towards certain moral principles and that these principles can be discovered through reason. According to Aquinas, natural law is universal and unchanging, as it is grounded in the fundamental nature of human beings. This understanding of natural law suggests that ethical principles are not arbitrarily imposed by external sources such as God or divine providence, but rather are inherent in our own nature as rational beings.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The two classes of duties, according to Kant, are which of the following
- A.
Perfect duties and imperfect duties.
- B.
Perfect duties to oneself and imperfect duties to oneself.
- C.
Duties to oneself and duties to others.
- D.
Perfect duties to others and imperfect duties to others.
Correct Answer
C. Duties to oneself and duties to others.Explanation
According to Kant, there are two classes of duties: duties to oneself and duties to others. Duties to oneself refer to obligations and responsibilities that individuals have towards themselves, such as developing their talents, improving their well-being, and avoiding self-harm. On the other hand, duties to others involve obligations and responsibilities towards other people, such as respecting their autonomy, not lying or stealing from them, and helping them when in need. These two classes of duties encompass the moral principles that Kant believed individuals should follow in order to act morally and fulfill their moral obligations.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The first two paragraphs in the Declaration of Independence give an account of what?
- A.
Social justice.
- B.
Inalienable rights.
- C.
Justice as fairness.
- D.
Natural rights.
Correct Answer
B. Inalienable rights.Explanation
The first two paragraphs in the Declaration of Independence give an account of inalienable rights. These paragraphs state that all individuals are endowed with certain unalienable rights, including life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The document asserts that these rights are inherent and cannot be taken away by any government or authority. The Declaration of Independence serves as a proclamation of these fundamental rights and lays the foundation for the principles of democracy and individual freedom.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Aquinas three natural inclinations are which of the following?
- A.
Inclinations to self-preservation, reproduction and reason.
- B.
Inclinations to Divine law, natural law and self-preservation.
- C.
Inclinations to self-reservation, reproduction and care of offspring.
- D.
Inclinations to sovereign rule, legislative rule, and rule by the people.
Correct Answer
A. Inclinations to self-preservation, reproduction and reason.Explanation
Aquinas identifies three natural inclinations in human beings: self-preservation, reproduction, and reason. Self-preservation refers to the instinctive drive to protect oneself from harm and ensure one's own survival. Reproduction is the natural inclination to procreate and continue the human species. Reason is the unique characteristic of human beings that allows them to think, understand, and make rational choices. These inclinations are seen as inherent and essential aspects of human nature according to Aquinas.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Who said "government is best which governs not at all"?
- A.
Thomas Jefferson
- B.
Mahatma Gandhi
- C.
Dr. Martin Luther King
- D.
Henry David Thoreau
Correct Answer
D. Henry David ThoreauExplanation
Henry David Thoreau is credited with the quote "government is best which governs not at all." This quote reflects Thoreau's belief in individual freedom and limited government intervention. Thoreau was a transcendentalist philosopher and writer who advocated for civil disobedience and nonviolent resistance. He believed that individuals should have the autonomy to govern themselves without interference from the government. Thoreau's ideas had a significant influence on the American abolitionist movement and later on civil rights leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. Martin Luther King.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Rousseau believed which of the following?
- A.
Totalitarianism was the best kind of goverment
- B.
People could have individual groups and still be loyal to their country.
- C.
People were hurting themselves by making independent associations.
- D.
Loyalty to one's country was shameful.
Correct Answer
C. People were hurting themselves by making independent associations.Explanation
Rousseau believed that people were hurting themselves by making independent associations. This means that he thought that individuals should not form separate groups or associations, as it would lead to division and conflict within society. Instead, he believed in the importance of a unified community where individuals work together for the common good. Rousseau's idea was that people should prioritize the collective interest of the society over their individual interests, and that independent associations would undermine this unity and harmony.Rate this question:
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- 20.
John Rawls invented his two principles on what basis?
- A.
He wanted to help the poor and disadvantaged.
- B.
Everyone would choose these principles if they were ignorant of individual status.
- C.
These principles naturally follow from the definition of justice.
- D.
He believed these principles would establish fairness.
Correct Answer
B. Everyone would choose these principles if they were ignorant of individual status.Explanation
John Rawls invented his two principles on the basis that everyone would choose these principles if they were ignorant of individual status. This means that Rawls believed that if people were not aware of their own social position or personal circumstances, they would naturally choose principles that ensure fairness and justice for all. By making this assumption, Rawls aimed to create a theory of justice that is impartial and unbiased, focusing on the needs of the least advantaged members of society.Rate this question:
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- 21.
John Rawls supported which philosopher's theory of morality?
- A.
Jacques Rousseau
- B.
Thomas Hobbes
- C.
Immanuel Kant
- D.
John Locke
Correct Answer
C. Immanuel KantExplanation
John Rawls supported Immanuel Kant's theory of morality. Rawls was heavily influenced by Kant's ideas on ethics, particularly his concept of the categorical imperative. Rawls believed in the importance of fairness and justice in society, and he argued that individuals should act according to principles that could be universally applied. This aligns with Kant's belief in the moral duty to act in accordance with rational principles that could be universally accepted. Rawls drew upon Kant's ideas to develop his own theory of justice, known as "justice as fairness," which emphasizes equal rights and opportunities for all individuals.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Mill said what about Kant's Categorical Imperative?
- A.
The Categorical Imperative was false.
- B.
The Categorical Imperative was the same as Utilitarianism
- C.
The Categorical Imperative was true.
- D.
The Categorical Imperative was only Deontological
Correct Answer
B. The Categorical Imperative was the same as Utilitarianism -
- 23.
Three virtue ethicists that we have discussed so far are which of the following?
- A.
Epicurus, Bentham and Mill
- B.
Epicurus, Plato and Aristotle
- C.
Plato, Aristotle and Aquinas
- D.
Plato, Aristotle and Kant
Correct Answer
C. Plato, Aristotle and AquinasExplanation
The correct answer is Plato, Aristotle, and Aquinas. These three philosophers are all considered virtue ethicists because they focus on the development of moral character and virtues. Plato believed that virtues were innate and could be cultivated through education, while Aristotle emphasized the importance of virtuous actions and habituation. Aquinas, influenced by both Plato and Aristotle, integrated their ideas into Christian theology, arguing that virtues are necessary for attaining salvation.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Utilitarianism states which of the following?
- A.
Actions were right according to their own nature.
- B.
Actions were right when they promoted happiness
- C.
Actions were right when the person performing them was virtous
- D.
Actions were right when they served the common good.
Correct Answer
B. Actions were right when they promoted happinessExplanation
Utilitarianism is a moral theory that suggests actions are considered right when they promote happiness. This means that the morality of an action is determined by its ability to maximize overall happiness or well-being for the greatest number of people. It focuses on the consequences of an action rather than the intentions or inherent nature of the action itself. Therefore, the correct answer is "Actions were right when they promoted happiness."Rate this question:
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- 25.
Epicurus thought which of the following?
- A.
Prudence came from developing ones virtue.
- B.
Prudence was the highest virtue possible.
- C.
Prudence was one of the many virtues
- D.
Virtues were all forms of prudence.
Correct Answer
D. Virtues were all forms of prudence.Explanation
Epicurus believed that all virtues were different forms of prudence. This means that he saw prudence as encompassing and including all other virtues. According to his philosophy, prudence was the highest virtue and developing one's virtue was a way to cultivate prudence. Therefore, virtues were seen as interconnected and ultimately rooted in prudence for Epicurus.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Three considerations in Felicific Calculus were which of the following?
- A.
Intensity, duration and certainty.
- B.
Pleasure, pain and activity
- C.
Good consequence, bad consequences and activity
- D.
Number of people affected, alternative courses and activity
Correct Answer
A. Intensity, duration and certainty.Explanation
The three considerations in Felicific Calculus are intensity, duration, and certainty. This means that when calculating the overall happiness or pleasure of an action, one must consider the intensity or strength of the pleasure or pain, the duration or length of time that the pleasure or pain will last, and the certainty or likelihood that the pleasure or pain will occur. These factors help to determine the overall utility or happiness that an action will bring.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Mill believed that people naturally wanted to be liked by whom?
- A.
God and family
- B.
Family and others
- C.
God and others
- D.
Themselves and others
Correct Answer
C. God and othersExplanation
Mill believed that people naturally wanted to be liked by God and others. This is because Mill's philosophy emphasized the importance of social relationships and moral obligations. He believed that individuals seek approval and acceptance from both a higher power (God) and their fellow human beings (others). By being liked by God and others, people can fulfill their desire for social connection and moral validation, which are essential for their overall well-being and happiness.Rate this question:
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- 28.
The ultimate distinction between self-regarding actions and other-regarding actions is what?
- A.
Whether it affects another person.
- B.
If the person has nay regard for another person.
- C.
If the person has regard for themselves.
- D.
If they violate the other persons obligations to themselves.
Correct Answer
D. If they violate the other persons obligations to themselves.Explanation
The ultimate distinction between self-regarding actions and other-regarding actions is whether they violate the other person's obligations to themselves. This means that self-regarding actions primarily concern the individual's own interests and do not infringe upon the obligations or rights of others. On the other hand, other-regarding actions involve considering the impact on others and ensuring that one's actions do not violate their obligations to themselves. Therefore, the key factor that sets these two types of actions apart is the potential violation of another person's obligations to themselves.Rate this question:
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- 29.
According to Mill, the only time it is ok for the state to interfere with individual's freedom is when?
- A.
To protect society.
- B.
To punish someone.
- C.
To restrict violent behavior.
- D.
To teach moral behavior.
Correct Answer
A. To protect society.Explanation
Mill believed that the state should only interfere with an individual's freedom when it is necessary to protect society. This means that the state should intervene when an individual's actions pose a direct harm or threat to others. Mill argued that individuals should have the freedom to do as they please as long as they do not harm others, and it is only when harm is likely to occur that the state should step in to ensure the safety and well-being of society as a whole.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Feminist ethics got its start around what time?
- A.
During the 1960's
- B.
Just before the 1960's
- C.
In the early 1800's
- D.
During the time of Aristotle
Correct Answer
D. During the time of AristotleExplanation
Feminist ethics emerged during the time of Aristotle. This refers to the period when Aristotle was active, which was in ancient Greece around 384-322 BC. Feminist ethics is a branch of ethical theory that focuses on analyzing and critiquing traditional ethical theories from a feminist perspective. It examines the role of gender in ethical decision-making and highlights the importance of women's experiences and perspectives in ethical discussions.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Modern approaches to feminist ethics stress which of the following?
- A.
Ethic of care over ethic of trust.
- B.
Ethic of justice over ethic of trust
- C.
Ethic of care and trust over ethic of justice and rights
- D.
Ethic of justice over ethic of care and trust
Correct Answer
C. Ethic of care and trust over ethic of justice and rightsExplanation
Modern approaches to feminist ethics prioritize the ethic of care and trust over the ethic of justice and rights. This means that they emphasize the importance of nurturing relationships, empathy, and compassion in ethical decision-making, rather than solely focusing on principles of fairness and individual rights. Feminist ethics recognize the interconnectedness of individuals and the need for a more relational and context-dependent approach to ethics, rather than a rigid adherence to abstract principles. By prioritizing care and trust, feminist ethics aim to challenge and transform traditional patriarchal power structures and promote a more inclusive and compassionate society.Rate this question:
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- 32.
In Hinduism, Dharma means
- A.
The ides presented in the Bhagavad-Gita
- B.
A set of inalienable truths
- C.
The ongoing cycle of rebirths
- D.
Religion and social duty
Correct Answer
D. Religion and social dutyExplanation
In Hinduism, Dharma refers to the moral and ethical duties and responsibilities that individuals have towards themselves, society, and the universe. It encompasses religious practices, rituals, and social obligations. Dharma guides individuals on how to lead a righteous and virtuous life, fulfilling their duties towards their families, communities, and the greater good. It emphasizes the importance of living in harmony with others and upholding moral values. Therefore, the answer "Religion and social duty" accurately captures the essence of Dharma in Hinduism.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Which of the following statements is correct?
- A.
In Hinduism there is no difference between the souls of animals and humans, so it is wrong to harm either in anyway.
- B.
Ahimsa literally means "do no harm" and is a central idea of Hinduism
- C.
Ahimsa supports a person's actions in self defense.
- D.
All of the above are true.
Correct Answer
D. All of the above are true.Explanation
The correct answer is "All of the above are true." This is because Hinduism teaches that there is no difference between the souls of animals and humans, so it is considered wrong to harm either. Ahimsa, which means "do no harm," is a central idea in Hinduism and promotes non-violence towards all living beings. However, it also supports a person's actions in self-defense, allowing for protection when necessary. Therefore, all three statements are correct.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Which of the following were talked about in Jesus's Sermon on the Mount?
- A.
Attitude, oaths, and forgiveness
- B.
Prayer, judgement, and false prophets
- C.
Murder, adultery and marriage
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
In Jesus's Sermon on the Mount, he talked about various topics including attitude, oaths, forgiveness, prayer, judgement, false prophets, murder, adultery, and marriage. The sermon covered a wide range of important teachings and moral principles, addressing various aspects of life and how one should conduct oneself.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Which of the following is now required of clinical studies?
- A.
Informed consent
- B.
Communication of diagnoses
- C.
Accurate reporting of test results
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
All of the options mentioned are now required of clinical studies. Informed consent is necessary to ensure that participants are fully aware of the risks and benefits of the study before they agree to participate. Communication of diagnoses is important to ensure that participants are informed about their health status and can make informed decisions about their treatment. Accurate reporting of test results is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the study and ensuring that the findings are reliable. Therefore, all of these requirements are necessary in clinical studies.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Which of the following is true of the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment?
- A.
It took place from 1832 through 1872
- B.
The ethics of the study have been questioned because they never told the subjects that they had syphilis or treated them for it.
- C.
3,000 African Americans were part of the study
- D.
The study was completely ethical because they didn't negatively affect the subjects in any way.
Correct Answer
B. The ethics of the study have been questioned because they never told the subjects that they had sypHilis or treated them for it.Explanation
The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment was a study that took place from 1932 through 1972, not 1832 through 1872. The study involved 600 African American men, not 3,000. The ethics of the study have been heavily criticized because the subjects were not informed that they had syphilis or given proper treatment for it. This lack of disclosure and treatment raises serious ethical concerns about the study.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Which of the following is NOT and example of environmental racism?
- A.
Building a new school in an area with a higher socioeconomic are, instead of a lower one.
- B.
The popularity of the practice of slavery in colonial and early American history
- C.
Placing a landfill closer to an area which is predominantly African American
- D.
All of the above are examples of environmental racism
Correct Answer
B. The popularity of the practice of slavery in colonial and early American historyExplanation
The popularity of the practice of slavery in colonial and early American history is not an example of environmental racism because it does not involve the unequal distribution of environmental burdens and benefits based on race. Environmental racism refers to the disproportionate exposure of marginalized communities, particularly communities of color, to environmental hazards and pollutants. It is a form of systemic discrimination that leads to adverse health and environmental impacts on these communities. The practice of slavery, while deeply unjust and oppressive, does not fall under the definition of environmental racism.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Which of the following is NOT a rule for human research?
- A.
The patient is fully informed and has given consent.
- B.
The patient is mentally competent to consent
- C.
The treatment is relatively fast activing
- D.
The treatment is mean to cure the patient
Correct Answer
C. The treatment is relatively fast activingExplanation
This answer is correct because the question asks for a rule that is NOT a rule for human research. The other three options are all rules for human research: the patient being fully informed and giving consent, the patient being mentally competent to consent, and the treatment being meant to cure the patient. The option "the treatment is relatively fast acting" is not a rule for human research, as the speed of the treatment is not a determining factor in the ethical considerations of conducting research on human subjects.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Which of the following was not a principle of Leopold's land ethic?
- A.
People are rulers of the earth and since it is in their care, they should take care of it.
- B.
The land is a community, not an object to be controlled by men.
- C.
It is the responsibility of mankind to take care of the land.
- D.
Humans are a part of the environment.
Correct Answer
A. People are rulers of the earth and since it is in their care, they should take care of it.Explanation
Leopold's land ethic emphasizes the idea that the land is not simply an object to be controlled by humans, but rather a community that humans are a part of. It highlights the responsibility of mankind to take care of the land and recognizes the interconnectedness between humans and the environment. However, the statement "People are rulers of the earth and since it is in their care, they should take care of it" implies a hierarchical relationship where humans have dominion over the land. This contradicts Leopold's principle of viewing the land as a community rather than something to be ruled over.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Which of the following describes the principle of Ahimsa?
- A.
Literally "do no harm" the principle of Ahimsa bans the harming of humans or animals.
- B.
Ahimsa does not support violence of any kind, including that in self defense.
- C.
Ahimsa openly supports violence, especially in the case of self defense
- D.
Ahimsa works in direct contrast with the theory of karma. instead it believes that there are no actual consequences for a person's actions.
Correct Answer
A. Literally "do no harm" the principle of Ahimsa bans the harming of humans or animals.Explanation
The principle of Ahimsa, which means "do no harm," prohibits the harming of both humans and animals. This principle promotes non-violence and opposes any form of violence, including self-defense. Ahimsa is in direct contrast with the theory of karma as it believes that there are actual consequences for a person's actions.Rate this question:
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- 41.
In what book did Leopold set forth the idea of the land ethic?
- A.
Aldo Leopold: land ethic
- B.
Round River
- C.
The Sand County Almanac
- D.
Game Management
Correct Answer
C. The Sand County AlmanacExplanation
In his book "The Sand County Almanac," Aldo Leopold introduced the concept of the land ethic. This book is a collection of essays in which Leopold explores his philosophy of land ethics, emphasizing the importance of respecting and caring for the natural world. He argues that humans should view themselves as part of the ecological community and have a moral responsibility to protect and preserve the land and its inhabitants. Leopold's ideas in "The Sand County Almanac" have had a significant influence on environmental ethics and conservation movements.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Which of the following is NOT a main component of the Belmont Report?
- A.
Respect for persons
- B.
Beneficence
- C.
Justice
- D.
Honesty
Correct Answer
D. HonestyExplanation
The Belmont Report is a foundational document in the field of ethics and research involving human subjects. It outlines three main ethical principles: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. These principles guide the ethical conduct of research involving human subjects. Honesty, although an important ethical value, is not explicitly mentioned as a main component of the Belmont Report.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Which of the following is an example of active euthanasia?
- A.
Disconnecting the life support machine from a person who still has brain function.
- B.
Refusing to perform a potentially life saving surgery
- C.
Legally taking a person in a coma off of life support
- D.
Knowingly administering a lethal overdose of prescribed medication
Correct Answer
D. Knowingly administering a lethal overdose of prescribed medicationExplanation
The correct answer is knowingly administering a lethal overdose of prescribed medication. Active euthanasia refers to the intentional act of causing the death of a person, usually to relieve their suffering. In this case, administering a lethal overdose of medication with the intention of ending someone's life is an example of active euthanasia. Disconnecting the life support machine from a person with brain function, refusing life-saving surgery, and taking a person in a coma off life support are not examples of active euthanasia, as they involve allowing natural death to occur rather than actively causing it.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Which of the following is NOT true?
- A.
Reason and rationality were two main components of the Enlightenment.
- B.
The purpose of the enlightenment was to combat ignorance and superstition
- C.
One enlightenment thinker was Immanuel Kant
- D.
Supporters of Enlightenment worked to support Catholic beliefs using science
Correct Answer
D. Supporters of Enlightenment worked to support Catholic beliefs using scienceExplanation
During the Enlightenment, reason and rationality were indeed two main components, as thinkers emphasized the importance of using logic and evidence to understand the world. The purpose of the Enlightenment was to combat ignorance and superstition, as intellectuals sought to promote knowledge and critical thinking. Immanuel Kant was indeed an Enlightenment thinker who made significant contributions to philosophy. However, it is not true that supporters of the Enlightenment worked to support Catholic beliefs using science. In fact, many Enlightenment thinkers challenged religious authority and advocated for the separation of church and state.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Which philosopher believed that suicide was acceptable only when serving a bigger purpose?
- A.
Sir Francis BAcon
- B.
John Dewey
- C.
John Locke
- D.
Aristotle
Correct Answer
C. John LockeExplanation
John Locke believed that suicide was acceptable only when serving a bigger purpose. He argued that individuals have the right to take their own lives if they are facing unbearable suffering or if their continued existence would be a burden to society. Locke believed that suicide could be justified as an act of self-preservation or as a means to promote the greater good. This perspective highlights Locke's emphasis on individual rights and the importance of personal autonomy.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Why did Locke believe that suicide was unethical?
- A.
Locke did not believe that suicide was unethical. on the contrary, he believed that every person had the right to determine ho and when their life would end.
- B.
He believed that suicide is a form of murder and it should legally and ethically just as wrong
- C.
Because it is unfair to all the other people that the person knows.
- D.
He believed that human beings belong to God, making it His decision how long they live.
Correct Answer
D. He believed that human beings belong to God, making it His decision how long they live. -
- 47.
Which of the following does NOT relate to medical ethics.
- A.
Doctor patient relations
- B.
Informed consent
- C.
Human experimentation
- D.
Where the patient lives
Correct Answer
D. Where the patient livesExplanation
The concept of "where the patient lives" does not directly relate to medical ethics. Medical ethics primarily focuses on the moral principles and values that guide healthcare professionals in their interactions with patients, decision-making, and treatment choices. Doctor-patient relations, informed consent, and human experimentation, on the other hand, are all important aspects of medical ethics. Doctor-patient relations involve building trust, maintaining confidentiality, and providing respectful care. Informed consent ensures that patients have the necessary information to make autonomous decisions about their healthcare. Human experimentation involves ethical considerations such as voluntary participation, minimizing harm, and ensuring informed consent.Rate this question:
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- 48.
How does the Native American philosophy compare to European philosophy of nature?
- A.
Native American philosophy is much more in tune with nature.
- B.
European philosophy is much more in tune with nature
- C.
Neither philosophy is in tune with nature at all
- D.
There is no difference between the two philosophies. both are equally in tune with nature.
Correct Answer
A. Native American pHilosopHy is much more in tune with nature.Explanation
Native American philosophy is often characterized by a deep connection and respect for nature. It emphasizes the interconnectedness of all living beings and the importance of living in harmony with the natural world. In contrast, European philosophy, particularly during the Enlightenment period, tends to prioritize reason and human dominance over nature. This difference in perspective is reflected in the way Native American cultures traditionally lived in close relationship with the land, while European societies often exploited and sought to control nature. Therefore, the statement that Native American philosophy is much more in tune with nature is a valid explanation.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Which of the following is NOT considered euthanasia?
- A.
Taking a brain dead person, whose heart and lungs are still functioning, off of life support.
- B.
Knowingly administering a lethal overdose of a prescribed medication to a patient.
- C.
DNR
- D.
Taking a person in a coma off life support
Correct Answer
A. Taking a brain dead person, whose heart and lungs are still functioning, off of life support.Explanation
Euthanasia refers to the deliberate act of ending a person's life to relieve their suffering. In the given options, all except for "Taking a brain dead person, whose heart and lungs are still functioning, off of life support" involve intentionally causing the death of a person. In this case, removing life support from a brain dead person does not involve actively causing their death but rather allows nature to take its course.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Which of the following correctly describes a way in which pacifism applies to ethics?
- A.
Companies which sell pacifiers are often unethical in their treatment of employees.
- B.
It is unethical for groups which are opposed to the government to protest war.
- C.
Pacifism has no actually or accepted application to ethics.
- D.
Many people question whether it is unethical to force a pacifist to fight in a war.
Correct Answer
D. Many people question whether it is unethical to force a pacifist to fight in a war. -
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Mar 20, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Mar 13, 2014Quiz Created by
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