Notes Review - AP Unit 1 - Intro And Organ Systems
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
State the 2 tenets of the concept of complementarity of structure and function. (List the two sentences in your notes.)
- 2.
Which choice is the best example of physiology?
- A.
The heart has 4 chambers.
- B.
Goblet cells secrete mucus.
- C.
Many people do not have a palmaris longus muscle.
- D.
The brain is divided into two hemispheres.
Correct Answer
B. Goblet cells secrete mucus.Explanation
Physiology is the branch of biology that deals with the functions and processes of living organisms. The best example of physiology among the given choices is "Goblet cells secrete mucus." This choice demonstrates a specific function performed by a type of cell in the body. Goblet cells are specialized cells found in the respiratory and digestive tracts that produce and secrete mucus, which plays a vital role in protecting and lubricating these surfaces. This example highlights a specific physiological process and its importance in maintaining the normal functioning of the body.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Janis is studying the gluteus maximus muscle, learning where it is located and which bones it is attached to. Janis is studying
- A.
Gross anatomy
- B.
Microscopic anatomy
Correct Answer
A. Gross anatomyExplanation
Janis is studying gross anatomy because it involves the study of larger structures in the body that can be seen with the naked eye, such as muscles, bones, and organs. In this case, Janis is specifically studying the gluteus maximus muscle, which is a large muscle located in the buttocks region. By learning about its location and the bones it is attached to, Janis is focusing on the macroscopic aspects of the body's structures, which falls under the domain of gross anatomy.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which choices are part of the integumentary system? Check ALL that apply.
- A.
Skin
- B.
Hair
- C.
Nasal membranes
- D.
Nails
Correct Answer(s)
A. Skin
B. Hair
D. NailsExplanation
The integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, and nails. These structures are all part of the body's outer covering and provide protection against external factors such as pathogens, UV radiation, and physical injury. The skin acts as a barrier, regulates body temperature, and contains sensory receptors. Hair helps to regulate body temperature and provides protection, while nails serve as a protective covering for the fingertips. Nasal membranes, on the other hand, are part of the respiratory system and are not included in the integumentary system.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which choices is NOT a function of the integumentary system?
- A.
Waterproofing
- B.
Synthesize vitamin D
- C.
Protection
- D.
Acts as levers
- E.
Collects information (sensing)
Correct Answer
D. Acts as leversExplanation
The integumentary system is responsible for various functions such as waterproofing, synthesizing vitamin D, protection, and collecting information (sensing). However, it does not act as levers. The integumentary system primarily consists of the skin, hair, nails, and glands, which work together to protect the body from external factors, regulate body temperature, and provide sensory information. Acting as levers is a function of the muscular and skeletal systems, not the integumentary system.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which choices are part of the skeletal system? Check ALL that apply.
- A.
The skull (multiple bones)
- B.
Elastic cartilage of the ear
- C.
Knee joint
- D.
Carotid artery
Correct Answer(s)
A. The skull (multiple bones)
B. Elastic cartilage of the ear
C. Knee jointExplanation
The skeletal system is made up of bones, cartilage, and joints that provide support, protection, and movement for the body. The skull, which consists of multiple bones, is a crucial part of the skeletal system as it protects the brain. The elastic cartilage of the ear is also part of the skeletal system as it provides structure and support to the ear. The knee joint is another component of the skeletal system as it connects the thigh bone to the shin bone, allowing for movement and stability. The carotid artery, however, is not part of the skeletal system as it is a blood vessel responsible for supplying blood to the head and neck.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which choices ARE functions of the skeletal system? Select ALL that apply.
- A.
Protection
- B.
Support
- C.
Acting as levers for movement
- D.
Hematopoiesis
- E.
Storage of minerals such as calcium and phosphorus
- F.
Contracting for movement - bones shorten as your body moves
Correct Answer(s)
A. Protection
B. Support
C. Acting as levers for movement
D. Hematopoiesis
E. Storage of minerals such as calcium and pHospHorusExplanation
The skeletal system performs several functions in the body. It provides protection to vital organs, such as the brain and heart, by enclosing them in bony structures. It also provides support to the body, maintaining its shape and allowing us to stand upright. The skeletal system acts as levers for movement, allowing muscles to pull on bones and produce movement. Hematopoiesis, the process of producing new blood cells, occurs in the bone marrow of certain bones. Additionally, the skeletal system stores minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, which are essential for various bodily functions. The statement "contracting for movement - bones shorten as your body moves" is incorrect as bones do not contract.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Select the 3 types of muscle tissue.
- A.
Intestinal
- B.
Smooth
- C.
Skeletal
- D.
Cardiac
Correct Answer(s)
B. Smooth
C. Skeletal
D. CardiacExplanation
Smooth, skeletal, and cardiac are the three types of muscle tissue. Smooth muscle tissue is found in the walls of organs and blood vessels, and is responsible for involuntary movements. Skeletal muscle tissue is attached to bones and is responsible for voluntary movements. Cardiac muscle tissue is found in the heart and is responsible for the contraction of the heart muscle.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Select ALL the functions of the muscular system.
- A.
Generate heat.
- B.
Move the skeletal system and hence the whole body.
- C.
Move fluids around the body.
- D.
Stabilize joints.
- E.
Generate heat (helps maintain homeostasis of body temperature)
Correct Answer(s)
A. Generate heat.
B. Move the skeletal system and hence the whole body.
C. Move fluids around the body.
D. Stabilize joints.
E. Generate heat (helps maintain homeostasis of body temperature)Explanation
The muscular system has several functions. It generates heat, which helps to maintain the body's temperature and homeostasis. Muscles also play a role in moving the skeletal system and hence the whole body, allowing for locomotion and movement. They are also responsible for moving fluids around the body, such as blood and lymph, aiding in circulation. Additionally, muscles stabilize joints, providing support and preventing excessive movement or dislocation.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The nervous system is divided into two main parts. Select these 2 parts.
- A.
Central nervous system
- B.
Peripheral nervous system
- C.
Accessory nervous system
- D.
Ancillary nervous system
Correct Answer(s)
A. Central nervous system
B. PeripHeral nervous systemExplanation
The nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, which are responsible for processing and coordinating information. The peripheral nervous system includes all the nerves outside of the central nervous system, which connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body and transmit signals between the body and the brain. The accessory nervous system and ancillary nervous system are not recognized divisions of the nervous system.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The nervous system is a fast-acting control system, whereas the endocrine system is a slow-acting control system.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The nervous system is considered a fast-acting control system because it uses electrical impulses to transmit signals quickly between different parts of the body. This allows for rapid responses to stimuli and immediate adjustments to maintain homeostasis. On the other hand, the endocrine system is a slow-acting control system because it relies on the release of hormones into the bloodstream, which takes time to travel to target organs and elicit a response. Hormonal responses are typically slower but longer-lasting compared to the rapid responses of the nervous system.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The nervous system produces hormones, which act as chemical messengers.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The nervous system does not produce hormones. Hormones are produced by the endocrine system, which is a separate system in the body responsible for producing and regulating hormones. The nervous system, on the other hand, is responsible for transmitting electrical signals between different parts of the body to coordinate and control bodily functions.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Select ALL of the choices that are part of the endocrine system.
- A.
Hypothalamus
- B.
Pancreas
- C.
Pineal gland
- D.
Ovaries
- E.
Pituitary gland
- F.
Thyroid
Correct Answer(s)
A. Hypothalamus
B. Pancreas
C. Pineal gland
D. Ovaries
E. Pituitary gland
F. ThyroidExplanation
The endocrine system is a collection of glands that produce and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. These hormones regulate various bodily functions and maintain homeostasis. The hypothalamus is a part of the endocrine system as it produces hormones that control the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. The pancreas is also a part of the endocrine system as it produces insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels. The pineal gland produces melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. The ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone, which regulate the female reproductive system. The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland" as it produces and releases many different hormones that control various other endocrine glands. The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The purpose of the reproduction system is to reproduce (produce offspring).
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The purpose of the reproductive system is indeed to reproduce and produce offspring. This system consists of organs and structures that enable the production and transport of gametes (sperm and eggs) and facilitate fertilization. Through sexual reproduction, organisms can pass on their genetic material to the next generation, ensuring the continuation of their species. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The purpose of the cardiovascular system is transport. Oxygen, nutrients, hormones, wastes, and many other substances may be transported by this system.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The purpose of the cardiovascular system is indeed transport. It is responsible for transporting various substances such as oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and wastes throughout the body. The heart pumps blood, which carries these substances, through a network of blood vessels to different organs and tissues. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The spleen is part of the cardiovascular system.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The spleen is not part of the cardiovascular system. It is actually part of the lymphatic system. The spleen plays a role in filtering and removing old or damaged red blood cells, storing platelets, and producing white blood cells. It also helps in immune responses by producing antibodies and removing bacteria and other foreign substances from the bloodstream.Rate this question:
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- 17.
What are the functions of the lymphatic system? Check ALL that apply.
- A.
Clean blood
- B.
Return fluid to blood
- C.
Participate in the body's immune response
- D.
Transport hormones
Correct Answer(s)
A. Clean blood
B. Return fluid to blood
C. Participate in the body's immune responseExplanation
The lymphatic system performs multiple functions in the body. Firstly, it helps in cleaning the blood by filtering out waste products, toxins, and foreign substances. Secondly, it returns excess fluid from tissues back into the bloodstream, maintaining fluid balance in the body. Additionally, the lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the body's immune response by producing and transporting immune cells, helping to defend against infections and diseases. However, it does not transport hormones.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The respiratory system is responsible for transporting gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide in and out of the body.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The respiratory system is indeed responsible for transporting gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide in and out of the body. It consists of organs such as the lungs, trachea, and bronchi, which work together to facilitate the exchange of gases between the body and the external environment. Oxygen is taken in through inhalation and transported to the cells, while carbon dioxide, a waste product, is expelled through exhalation. This process is vital for the body's overall functioning and maintaining a balance of gases necessary for cellular respiration. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Select ALL the choices that are part of the respiratory system.
- A.
Esophagus
- B.
Larynx
- C.
Pharynx
- D.
Bronchi
- E.
Lungs
- F.
Trachea
Correct Answer(s)
B. Larynx
C. pHarynx
D. Bronchi
E. Lungs
F. TracheaExplanation
The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. The larynx, pharynx, bronchi, lungs, and trachea are all part of this system. The larynx is the voice box, located at the top of the trachea. The pharynx is the throat, which connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx and esophagus. The bronchi are the two main branches of the trachea that lead to the lungs. The lungs are the main organs of respiration, where oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is expelled. The trachea, also known as the windpipe, connects the larynx to the bronchi.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which is NOT a function of the digestive system?
- A.
Break down food
- B.
Eliminate indigestible waste
- C.
Deliver nutrients to blood
- D.
Transport nutrients throughout the body
Correct Answer
D. Transport nutrients throughout the bodyExplanation
The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food, eliminating indigestible waste, and delivering nutrients to the blood. However, it is not responsible for transporting nutrients throughout the body. This task is carried out by the circulatory system, specifically the blood vessels, which distribute nutrients to different organs and tissues.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Select ALL of the choices that make up the digestive system.
- A.
Esophagus
- B.
Mouth
- C.
Small intestines
- D.
Stomach
- E.
Trachea
- F.
Bladder
Correct Answer(s)
A. EsopHagus
B. Mouth
C. Small intestines
D. StomachExplanation
The correct answer choices, esophagus, mouth, small intestines, and stomach, all make up the digestive system. The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach, allowing food to pass through. The mouth is where digestion begins, as it breaks down food through chewing and mixes it with saliva. The small intestines are responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption from digested food. The stomach is a muscular organ that further breaks down food through the secretion of gastric juices.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Select ALL of the functions of the urinary system.
- A.
Maintains water and electrolyte (salts, etc.) balance
- B.
Adds red blood cells to blood
- C.
Maintains the pH of blood
- D.
Removes wastes from blood
Correct Answer(s)
A. Maintains water and electrolyte (salts, etc.) balance
C. Maintains the pH of blood
D. Removes wastes from bloodExplanation
The functions of the urinary system include maintaining water and electrolyte (salts, etc.) balance, maintaining the pH of blood, and removing wastes from blood.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which choice is NOT part of the urinary system?
- A.
Spleen
- B.
Ureter
- C.
Bladder
- D.
Urethra
- E.
Bladder
Correct Answer
A. SpleenExplanation
The spleen is not part of the urinary system. The urinary system consists of the ureters, bladder, and urethra, which are responsible for the production, storage, and elimination of urine. The spleen, on the other hand, is part of the lymphatic system and is involved in filtering and removing old or damaged red blood cells from the bloodstream.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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