Protein Power: Important Functions Of Protein Quiz

1.

Proteins are organic molecules because they contain ...

A.

Carbon, Hydrogen
B.

Nitrogen, carbon
C.

Oxygen, carbon

Correct Answer
A. Carbon, Hydrogen

Explanation
Proteins are organic molecules because they contain carbon and hydrogen. Organic molecules are defined as compounds that contain carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. Proteins are large, complex molecules composed of amino acids, which are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. However, the presence of carbon and hydrogen is a defining characteristic of organic molecules, making the combination of carbon and hydrogen the correct answer.

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2.

Proteins that speed up reactions are called _____ .

Correct Answer
Enzymes

Explanation
Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in living organisms. They do so by lowering the activation energy required for a reaction to occur, allowing it to happen more quickly. Enzymes are highly specific, meaning that each enzyme is designed to catalyze a particular reaction or group of reactions. They are essential for the proper functioning of cells and are involved in various metabolic processes, such as digestion, energy production, and DNA replication.

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3.

Protein also contains the following elements

A.

Nitrogen
B.

Sulphur
C.

Phosphorous
D.

Oxygen

Correct Answer(s)
A. Nitrogen
B. SulpHur
D. Oxygen

Explanation
Protein is a macronutrient composed of amino acids, and it is essential for the growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues. Nitrogen is a key component of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. Sulphur is also found in certain amino acids, such as cysteine and methionine, which play important roles in protein structure and function. Oxygen is present in the protein molecule due to its presence in amino acids and other organic compounds. Phosphorus, although not mentioned in the answer, is also an important element found in proteins, as it is a component of nucleic acids and ATP, which are involved in protein synthesis and energy metabolism.

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4.

Some proteins are involved in the ______ of other molecules.

Correct Answer(s)
Transport

Explanation
Proteins play a crucial role in the transportation of molecules within cells and across cell membranes. They can act as carriers, channels, or pumps to facilitate the movement of molecules such as ions, nutrients, and signaling molecules. This process of transporting molecules is essential for various cellular processes, including nutrient uptake, waste removal, and cell signaling. Therefore, proteins are indeed involved in the transport of other molecules.

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5.

Some proteins provide _____ for various structures in organisms.

A.

Support
B.

Molecules
C.

Atoms

Correct Answer
A. Support

Explanation
Proteins play a crucial role in providing support for various structures in organisms. They are involved in the formation of structural components such as collagen in connective tissues, actin and myosin in muscle fibers, and keratin in hair, nails, and skin. These proteins provide the necessary framework and stability for these structures to function properly. Additionally, proteins also provide support at the molecular level by acting as enzymes, receptors, and transporters, facilitating various biochemical processes within cells. Therefore, the correct answer is support.

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6.

What is involved in coordinating bodily activities by stimulating responses in certain tissues and organs ?

A.

Hormones
B.

Cells
C.

Signals

Correct Answer
A. Hormones

Explanation
Hormones are involved in coordinating bodily activities by stimulating responses in certain tissues and organs. Hormones are chemical messengers that are produced by various glands in the body and are released into the bloodstream. They travel to target cells or organs and bind to specific receptors, triggering a response. This response can include regulating growth and development, metabolism, reproductive processes, and maintaining homeostasis. Hormones play a crucial role in maintaining the overall balance and functioning of the body.

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7.

Some proteins function in allowing cells to respond to various signals. what are they known as?

A.

Receptor proteins
B.

Signal proteins
C.

Versatile proteins
D.

Contractile proteins

Correct Answer
A. Receptor proteins

Explanation
Receptor proteins are known for their function in allowing cells to respond to various signals. These proteins are located on the cell membrane or inside the cell and bind to specific molecules, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Once bound, they initiate a signal cascade within the cell, leading to a cellular response. Receptor proteins play a crucial role in cell communication and are essential for processes like cell growth, development, and immune response.

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8.

Proteins that allow organisms to move are called

A.

Contractile proteins
B.

Signal proteins
C.

Hormones
D.

Steroids

Correct Answer
A. Contractile proteins

Explanation
Contractile proteins are responsible for the movement of organisms. These proteins are found in muscles and enable them to contract and relax, allowing for various types of movement. They play a crucial role in processes such as muscle contraction, cell division, and cell migration. Signal proteins, hormones, and steroids have different functions in the body and are not directly involved in the movement of organisms.

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9.

some proteins are involved in our and aid in defending organisms against attack

Correct Answer
immune response

Explanation
Proteins play a crucial role in our immune response by defending our bodies against attacks. They help in identifying and neutralizing harmful foreign substances such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins. These proteins, known as antibodies, bind to specific antigens on the surface of these foreign invaders, marking them for destruction by immune cells. Additionally, proteins called cytokines regulate the immune response by signaling immune cells to activate or suppress their activity. Overall, proteins are essential components of our immune system, aiding in the defense of our bodies against potential threats.

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10.

The monomers that are linked to make proteins are known as ....

A.

Nucleotides
B.

Amino acids
C.

Bases
D.

Phosphates

Correct Answer
B. Amino acids

Explanation
Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids that are linked together by peptide bonds. These amino acids are the monomers, or building blocks, that make up proteins. Nucleotides are the monomers that make up nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. Bases and phosphates are components of nucleotides, but they are not the monomers that make up proteins. Therefore, the correct answer is amino acids.

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11.

There are _____ different amino acids that can be linked together to make various proteins

Correct Answer
twenty

Explanation
There are twenty different amino acids that can be linked together to make various proteins. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and each amino acid has a unique side chain or "R" group. These amino acids can be combined in different sequences to form different proteins, each with its own specific structure and function. The twenty different amino acids provide a wide range of options for creating the diverse array of proteins found in living organisms.

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12.

Amino acids are linked by _____ bonds

A.

Peptide
B.

Lipids
C.

Phosphate

Correct Answer
A. Peptide

Explanation
Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds. Peptide bonds are formed through a condensation reaction between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid. This bond formation results in the formation of a peptide chain, which is the primary structure of a protein. Lipids and phosphates are not involved in the bonding of amino acids.

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13.

All amino acids have the following components

A.

Central carbon atom
B.

An amino group, and acidic or carboxyl group
C.

R group
D.

Oxygen

Correct Answer(s)
A. Central carbon atom
B. An amino group, and acidic or carboxyl group
C. R group

Explanation
The correct answer is central carbon atom, an amino group, acidic or carboxyl group, and R group. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and they all share these components. The central carbon atom is bonded to the amino group, which contains nitrogen, and the acidic or carboxyl group, which contains carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. The R group, also known as the side chain, varies among different amino acids and gives each amino acid its unique properties. Oxygen is not a component of all amino acids, so it is not included in the answer.

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