AP Human Geography Quiz Test 8

Russia is the correct answer because it is the largest country in the world by land area. It spans across both Eastern Europe and Northern Asia, covering a vast territory. With a land area of over 17 million square kilometers, Russia is larger than any other country. China, Canada, Alaska, and India are all large countries, but they are not as large as Russia in terms of land area.

Gerrymandering is the process of redrawing legislative boundaries in a way that favors a particular political party in power. This is typically done by manipulating the shape and composition of electoral districts to concentrate opposition voters in a few districts while spreading out supporters across multiple districts. The goal is to maximize the number of seats won by the party in power, even if it means diluting the voting power of certain groups or communities. Stacking votes, hanging chads, redlining, and blockbusting are unrelated terms and do not refer to the process described in the question.

The correct answer is Russia and the United States. This is because both countries have vast territories and diverse populations, making them multinational states. Russia is the largest country in the world, spanning across two continents and having a population composed of various ethnic groups. The United States is also a multinational state, with a diverse population consisting of people from different cultural, ethnic, and racial backgrounds.

A compact shape is the most suitable for fostering effective internal communications for a smaller state. This is because a compact shape allows for easier transportation and communication between different regions within the state. The distance between different parts of the state is minimized, making it easier for people and goods to move around and for communication networks to be established. This facilitates the flow of information and promotes better internal communication within the state.

Geography is often used to separate states based on natural features such as deserts, mountains, lakes, and rivers. However, geometry, which refers to the shape and boundaries of the land, is not a physical feature that is commonly used to separate states. Instead, it is often determined by human-made boundaries such as lines of latitude and longitude or political decisions.

The correct answer is microstates. Extremely small island-states in the world, many of which are former European colonies, are referred to as microstates. These countries have a very small land area and population, and often rely heavily on tourism and financial services for their economy. Examples of microstates include Monaco, San Marino, and the Maldives.

Colonialism refers to the act of one country exerting political control over another territory. It involves the establishment and maintenance of colonies, often for economic exploitation or strategic purposes. This can include the imposition of the colonizer's culture, language, and legal system on the colonized people. In contrast, constitutionality refers to the adherence to a country's constitution, self-determination refers to the right of a group to determine its own political status, sovereignty refers to the supreme authority of a state over its territory, and suffrage refers to the right to vote in political elections.

The correct answer is "divided among more than one state." This is because the Kurds are an ethnic group that is spread across several countries in the Middle East, including Iraq, Turkey, Syria, and Iran. They do not have their own independent state and are instead divided among these different nations.

An area organized into an independent political unit is referred to as a state. A state is a political entity with its own government, sovereignty, and control over its territory. It has the ability to make and enforce laws, maintain order, and represent itself in international affairs. Unlike a colony, which is typically controlled and governed by another country, a state has self-governance and autonomy. Nationality refers to the legal relationship between an individual and a state, while a nation is a group of people who share a common culture, language, or history. A territory refers to a geographical area without specific political connotations.

Antarctica is the correct answer because it is the only large land mass that is not part of a sovereign state. While the Arctic is a region, it is not a land mass. Greenland is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark, Siberia is a region within Russia, and Borneo is shared by three countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei). Therefore, Antarctica is the only option that is not part of any country's sovereignty.

In ancient Mesopotamia, the first states were city-states. These city-states were not only composed of the cities themselves but also included the surrounding countryside. This means that the city-state not only governed the urban areas but also had control over the rural areas and agricultural lands surrounding the city. The city-states were independent political entities with their own governments and ruling classes. They were able to maintain control over their territories by incorporating both the urban and rural areas under their authority.

Taiwan is the correct answer because although it is a highly populated country, it is not a member of the United Nations. Due to political reasons, Taiwan is not recognized as a separate country by the UN, and instead, it is considered a part of China. Therefore, it is the most populous country that is not a member of the United Nations.

A unitary state is a type of government system where power is concentrated in the hands of a central government. In this system, the central government has the authority to make decisions and enforce laws that are applicable to the entire country. There is little to no power given to regional or local governments, and they typically serve as administrative units rather than having significant decision-making powers. This is in contrast to a federal state, where power is divided between a central government and regional governments, allowing for more autonomy at the regional level.

The correct answer is "has increased by more than a hundred." This is because the question is asking about the change in the number of sovereign states in the world over the past half century. The options "has remained approximately the same," "has increased by a couple of dozen," and "has decreased by a couple of dozen" suggest small changes in the number of states, which is not consistent with the time frame of half a century. The options "has increased by more than a hundred" and "has increased by more than a thousand" suggest larger increases, but since the correct answer is "has increased by more than a hundred," it indicates that the number of sovereign states has increased significantly over the past fifty years.

In 2002, the Organization of African Unity was replaced by the African Union. The African Union is a continental union consisting of 55 member states in Africa. It was established to promote unity, cooperation, and development among African nations. The African Union has a broader mandate than its predecessor and aims to enhance political and economic integration, promote peace and security, and advance the socio-economic development of Africa.

The conflicting claims to the Arctic are mostly due to the potential for energy resources. The region is believed to have vast reserves of oil, gas, and minerals, which has attracted the attention of several countries. As the ice in the Arctic melts due to climate change, it becomes more accessible for exploration and exploitation of these resources. This has led to competing territorial claims and disputes between countries, as they seek to secure their economic and strategic interests in the region.

The Aozou Strip is described as having a specific shape and size, which suggests that it is an example of a geometric boundary. A geometric boundary refers to a boundary that is defined by a specific shape, such as a straight line or a specific geometric pattern. This is different from a physical boundary, which is typically defined by natural features like rivers or mountains. The term "prorupted boundary" refers to a boundary that has a protrusion or extension, but there is no indication in the question that the Aozou Strip has this characteristic. The terms "mathematical frontier" and "perforated frontier" are not commonly used to describe boundaries.

In 1980, Ireland was a member of the European Community but not NATO.

Cultural boundaries refer to the divisions between different cultures or groups of people. They are typically based on factors such as ethnicity, religion, and language. Geomorphic boundaries, on the other hand, are physical features of the Earth's surface, such as mountains or rivers, that can act as natural boundaries between regions. Therefore, geomorphic boundaries are not considered cultural boundaries because they are not based on cultural factors.

The statement "Al-Qaeda is a single unified organization" is not true. Al-Qaeda is a decentralized terrorist organization, consisting of various loosely affiliated groups and cells operating in different regions. It does not have a centralized command structure, but rather operates through a network of individuals and groups sharing a common ideology and goals.

The correct answer is an economic and cultural alliance of states once part of the British Empire. This is because the Commonwealth is a voluntary association of 54 countries, most of which were territories of the former British Empire. The main purpose of the Commonwealth is to promote economic cooperation, political dialogue, and cultural understanding among its member states.

The question asks about the most populous remaining colony, and the correct answer is the United States. This means that out of the given options, the United States has the largest population in its remaining colony compared to the other countries.

The correct answer is a mountainous region inhabited by heterogeneous ethnicities which share responsibility for maintaining an independent government and a standing army. This option describes a state that is characterized by diverse ethnic groups living in a mountainous region. Despite their differences, these ethnicities work together to maintain an independent government and a standing army. This suggests a level of self-governance and cooperation among the different ethnic groups in the region.

The first widespread use of the nation-state concept came in Western Europe. This region saw the emergence of nation-states in the late Middle Ages and early modern period. The concept of a nation-state involves a political entity where the state and the nation are congruent, meaning that the boundaries of the state align with the cultural, linguistic, and ethnic boundaries of the nation. Western Europe witnessed the rise of nation-states such as England, France, and Spain, which consolidated power and established centralized governments based on a shared sense of national identity.

During the period between the 1940s and 1980s, a distinctive feature of the world's superpowers was that the number of superpowers was much lower than in the past. This era was characterized by the dominance of two major superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, who emerged as global powers for the first time. Unlike previous eras, where multiple countries held significant power and influence, this period was defined by the bipolarity of the world order, with these two superpowers competing for global supremacy.

The conflict over the Aozou Strip involves a disputed border and Libya's claims of sovereignty over the zone. This suggests that there is disagreement and conflict between two parties regarding the ownership and control of the Aozou Strip. Libya claims that the strip belongs to them, while there is a dispute from the other party regarding the border. This conflict likely involves negotiations, legal arguments, and potential military tensions as both sides assert their claims over the territory.

Gerrymandering is a political tactic used to manipulate district boundaries in order to gain an advantage for a particular political party. When gerrymandering takes place, the opposition party's votes are "wasted" by spreading them across many districts where they are in the minority. This strategy is called a "wasted vote" strategy because it minimizes the opposition's overall impact on the election outcome. Therefore, the correct answer is "wasted vote."

In 1979, the U.S.-supported leader of Iran was overthrown, leading to the seizure of the U.S. embassy in Iran by supporters of the ayatollah. This event resulted in the hostage crisis, where 62 Americans were held captive until January 20, 1981.

Both China and Taiwan were once ruled by the Nationalists, and both have official relationships with the United States. This means that at some point in history, both China and Taiwan were under the rule of the Nationalists, and currently, both countries maintain official diplomatic relationships with the United States.

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The UN experts concluded that Iraq had destroyed its weapons of mass destruction in 1991 after its Desert Storm defeat. This means that Iraq had gotten rid of its weapons of mass destruction. However, officials in the U.S. president George W. Bush's administration attempted to argue that the UN experts were wrong.

The Aozou Strip is a disputed zone that is located between Niger and Sudan. It is an elongated strip of land that is claimed by both Chad and Egypt. The conflict over the Aozou Strip has resulted in tensions and disputes between these countries.

The question states that Austria was a member of NATO and the European Community, but the correct answer states that Austria remained nonaligned with either NATO or the Warsaw Pact. This means that Austria did not align itself with either of these alliances during the late 20th century.

The term "excess vote" refers to the strategy of concentrating opposition voters into a small number of districts, which allows the party in power to gain control of numerous other districts. This strategy is a form of gerrymandering where the opposing party's votes are "excess" or not utilized effectively across multiple districts, giving the party in power an advantage.

The best example of a nation among the options is a group of islands inhabited by a homogeneous ethnicity, although the westernmost islands pertain to the territory of one country whereas the easternmost islands pertain to another country. This example represents a situation where a group of islands is inhabited by people who share a common ethnic identity. However, due to geopolitical factors, the islands are divided between two separate countries. This scenario demonstrates the concept of a nation with a distinct ethnic identity that is divided by political boundaries.