1.
What disease are rats asymptomatic carriers of, but it can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans?
Correct Answer
C. Hantavirus
Explanation
Hantavirus is the correct answer because it is a disease that rats can carry without showing symptoms, but it can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans. This virus is transmitted to humans through contact with infected rat urine, droppings, or saliva. It can lead to severe respiratory distress and kidney problems in humans, and in some cases, it can be fatal.
2.
Gerbils are good for what kinds of research?
Correct Answer(s)
A. Stroke
B. Lipid metabolism
Explanation
cytogenic studies and cardiomyopathy use hamsters
3.
What causes pseudotuberculosis in primates?
Correct Answer
B. Yersinia enterocolitica
Explanation
Yersinia enterocolitica is the cause of pseudotuberculosis in primates. Pseudotuberculosis is an infectious disease that affects various animals, including primates. Yersinia enterocolitica is a bacterium that can be transmitted through contaminated food or water. It causes symptoms such as fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. In primates, this bacterium can lead to severe illness and even death if left untreated. Therefore, Yersinia enterocolitica is the correct answer as the causative agent of pseudotuberculosis in primates.
4.
Where do you give IM injections in birds?
Correct Answer
C. Into the pectoral muscles
Explanation
In birds, IM injections are given into the pectoral muscles. These muscles are located in the chest area of the bird and are responsible for the movement of the wings. Administering injections into the pectoral muscles ensures that the medication is absorbed effectively into the bird's bloodstream. The pectoral muscles provide a suitable site for injection as they are easily accessible and have a good blood supply, allowing for efficient absorption of the medication.
5.
Why does ringtail occur in rats?
Correct Answer
B. Too dry
Explanation
Ringtail is a condition that occurs in rats when the environment becomes too dry. This causes the skin on their tails to become dehydrated and lose its elasticity, leading to constricted blood flow and eventually the tail becoming necrotic. This condition is more likely to occur in environments with low humidity levels, as the lack of moisture in the air exacerbates the dehydration of the tail. Therefore, the correct answer is "Too dry".
6.
Gills consist of structures called:
Correct Answer
C. Filaments
Explanation
Gills consist of structures called filaments. Filaments are thin, finger-like projections found in the gills of aquatic organisms. These structures increase the surface area of the gills, allowing for more efficient exchange of gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, between the organism and the surrounding water.
7.
Gerbils are prone to Hypolipidemia and Hypocholesterolemia
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
HYPERlipidemia and HYPERcholosterolemia
8.
What type of rabies virus vaccine should be administered to nonhuman primates?
Correct Answer
B. Killed
Explanation
Nonhuman primates should be administered a killed rabies virus vaccine. This type of vaccine contains inactivated rabies virus particles, which are unable to cause infection but can stimulate the immune system to produce a protective response. Killed vaccines are considered safer for use in nonhuman primates as they do not carry the risk of causing disease. Modified live vaccines, on the other hand, contain a weakened form of the virus that can replicate in the body, potentially causing disease in immunocompromised individuals. Therefore, killed vaccines are the recommended choice for nonhuman primates.
9.
What causes meliodiosis in primates?
Correct Answer
D. Burkholderia pseudomallei
Explanation
Burkholderia pseudomallei is the correct answer because it is the causative agent of melioidosis, a disease that affects both humans and primates. This bacterium is commonly found in soil and water in tropical and subtropical regions, and can enter the body through inhalation, ingestion, or through open wounds. Once inside the body, it can cause a wide range of symptoms, including fever, pneumonia, abscesses, and septicemia. Melioidosis is particularly common in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia, where the bacterium is endemic.
10.
Egg binding can be treated with
Correct Answer(s)
A. Humidifying the environment
B. Lubricating the vent
C. Calcium and oxytocin injections
Explanation
Egg binding refers to a condition where a bird is unable to lay its egg. Humidifying the environment helps to soften the eggshell, making it easier for the bird to pass the egg. Lubricating the vent helps to ease the passage of the egg through the bird's reproductive tract. Calcium and oxytocin injections can stimulate contractions in the bird's muscles, aiding in the expulsion of the egg. Opioid injections, however, are not used in the treatment of egg binding.
11.
What is the life span of a gerbil's RBC?
Correct Answer
A. 10 days
Explanation
LOTS OF RETICULOCYTES
12.
The part of a fish that detects motion and vibration is:
Correct Answer
D. The lateral line
Explanation
The lateral line is a sensory organ found in fish that detects motion and vibration in the water. It is a series of small sensory organs called neuromasts that are located along the sides of the fish's body. These neuromasts are sensitive to changes in water pressure, allowing the fish to detect movement and vibrations in its surroundings. This sensory system is crucial for fish to navigate their environment, detect prey, and avoid predators.
13.
What effect, if any, does lactation have on gestation period of a gerbil?
Correct Answer
B. Gestation length is longer
Explanation
lactation delays implantation
14.
What mycotic disease looks like tuberculosis but can be differentiated by lack of hilar lymph node involvement?
Correct Answer
C. Nocardiosis
Explanation
Nocardiosis is a mycotic disease that can resemble tuberculosis but can be distinguished by the absence of hilar lymph node involvement. Nocardiosis is caused by a bacteria called Nocardia, not a fungus like the other options. It primarily affects the lungs, causing symptoms similar to tuberculosis such as cough, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. However, unlike tuberculosis, nocardiosis does not typically involve the hilar lymph nodes, which are located in the chest near the lungs. Therefore, the lack of hilar lymph node involvement helps differentiate nocardiosis from tuberculosis.
15.
How many generations need to be inbred to create a genetically homogenous strain?
Correct Answer
C. 20
Explanation
To create a genetically homogenous strain, inbreeding is necessary to eliminate genetic variation. Inbreeding involves mating closely related individuals over several generations. As each generation progresses, the genetic diversity decreases, resulting in a more genetically uniform strain. Therefore, it would take approximately 20 generations of inbreeding to create a genetically homogenous strain.
16.
If a macaw came into your clinic with a suspected case of Psittacosis, what color would you expect the urates to be?
Correct Answer
B. Lime green
Explanation
Psittacosis is a bacterial infection that commonly affects parrots, including macaws. One symptom of this infection is a change in the color of the urates, which are the solid waste products excreted by birds. Normally, urates should be white in color. However, in cases of Psittacosis, the urates can turn lime green due to the infection. Therefore, if a macaw came into the clinic with a suspected case of Psittacosis, we would expect the urates to be lime green.
17.
How do you treat Psittacosis (also known as Chlamydiosis)?
Correct Answer
A. Doxycycline
Explanation
Doxycycline is the correct treatment for Psittacosis, also known as Chlamydiosis. Psittacosis is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia psittaci. Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that effectively kills the bacteria and helps in treating the infection. It is the preferred choice of treatment for Psittacosis due to its effectiveness in targeting the specific bacteria responsible for the infection. Ampicillin, prednisone, and imidazole are not suitable treatments for Psittacosis and may not effectively eliminate the bacteria causing the infection.
18.
Which herpes virus causes fever blisters in humans?
Correct Answer
B. Herpes simplex virus
Explanation
The correct answer is Herpes simplex virus. Herpes simplex virus is the main cause of fever blisters, also known as cold sores, in humans. It is a highly contagious virus that can be transmitted through direct contact with an infected person or through sharing personal items such as utensils or towels. Fever blisters typically appear as small, fluid-filled blisters on or around the lips, and can be accompanied by symptoms such as tingling or burning sensations. While there are other herpes viruses that can infect humans, such as Saimiriine herpesvirus 1, Ateline herpesvirus, and Macacine herpesvirus 1, they are not specifically associated with causing fever blisters in humans.
19.
What would the feathers of a bird with Psittacine beak and feather disease look like?
Correct Answer
C. They would be club shaped
Explanation
Feathers of a bird with Psittacine beak and feather disease would be club-shaped. This disease affects the feathers, causing them to become deformed and malformed. Instead of having a normal, smooth shape, the feathers would appear thickened and bulbous, resembling a club. This is a characteristic symptom of the disease and can help in identifying birds affected by it.
20.
Which herpes virus is known as Herpes B Virus?
Correct Answer
D. Macacine herpesvirus 1
Explanation
Macacine herpesvirus 1 is known as Herpes B Virus.
21.
Where can you do a TB skin test on a primate?
Correct Answer
D. Palpebra of eye
Explanation
The correct answer is palpebra of eye. This is because the palpebra of the eye, also known as the eyelid, provides a suitable location for conducting a TB skin test on a primate. The skin on the eyelid is thin and easily accessible, making it an ideal spot for administering the test.
22.
A rat's left lung has ____ lobes, and the right lung has ____ lobes.
Correct Answer
A. 1, 4
Explanation
A rat's left lung has one lobe, while the right lung has four lobes. This is the correct answer because it accurately reflects the anatomical structure of a rat's lungs.
23.
What is EXTRA important to watch for when your gerbil is under anesthesia?
Correct Answer(s)
B. Hypothermia
C. Hypoglycemia
Explanation
hypothermia- they have a high surface area to weight ratio hypoglycemia- they have a high metabolic rate
24.
What is the correct order of the nitrogen cycle?
Correct Answer
D. Feces/urine --> ammonia --> ammonium --> nitrite --> nitrate
Explanation
converting toxic ammonia to ammonium (with nitrosomonas) creates toxic nitrite, which then must be converted to nitrate with nitrobacter
25.
Poxviruses are self-limiting and only epidermal changes are seen.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Poxviruses are a group of viruses that typically cause self-limiting infections, meaning that they resolve on their own without treatment. These infections primarily affect the skin, resulting in characteristic epidermal changes such as skin lesions or rashes. Therefore, it is true that only epidermal changes are seen in poxvirus infections.
26.
When a male mouse is introduced to a group of females and they begin to cycle, this is called
Correct Answer
D. The Whitten effect
Explanation
The Whitten effect refers to the phenomenon where the introduction of a male mouse to a group of females causes them to synchronize their estrous cycles. This synchronization occurs due to the release of pheromones by the male, which influences the hormonal activity of the females. This effect is named after its discoverer, Dr. Whitten.
27.
Rabbits differ from rats/mice/hamsters in that they are born with:
Correct Answer
B. Ears open
Explanation
Rabbits differ from rats/mice/hamsters in that they are born with their ears open. This means that unlike rats, mice, and hamsters, rabbits are born with their ears fully developed and functional. This is an important characteristic as it allows newborn rabbits to immediately hear and respond to their environment, providing them with a better chance of survival.
28.
There is a vaccine for Avian Polyoma Virus.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The statement is true because there is indeed a vaccine available for Avian Polyoma Virus. Avian Polyoma Virus is a contagious viral infection that affects birds, particularly young ones, and can cause severe illness and death. Vaccination is an effective preventive measure to protect birds from contracting the virus and developing the associated disease. The availability of a vaccine provides bird owners and breeders with a means to protect their birds and prevent the spread of Avian Polyoma Virus.
29.
Which species have a dental formula of 2(1/1, 0/0, 0/0, 3/3) ?
Correct Answer(s)
A. Rats
B. Mice
D. Hamsters
E. Gerbils
Explanation
The dental formula 2(1/1, 0/0, 0/0, 3/3) indicates that the species have two upper and two lower incisors (1/1), no canines (0/0), no premolars (0/0), and three molars (3/3). Rats, mice, hamsters, and gerbils all have this dental formula, which means they have the same number and type of teeth.
30.
Viruses causing hemorrhagic fever are a major concern in imported animals
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
They are screened for these before being imported.
31.
Gerbil facial eczema is due to increased secretions of what gland?
Correct Answer
B. Harderian
Explanation
The correct answer is harderian. Gerbil facial eczema is caused by increased secretions of the harderian gland. This gland is found in the eye socket and is responsible for producing tears and other secretions that help lubricate and protect the eyes. When there is an overproduction of these secretions, it can lead to inflammation and irritation of the skin around the face, resulting in facial eczema.
32.
What is the most common cause of viral respiratory disease in mice?
Correct Answer
D. Sendai
Explanation
Sendai virus is the most common cause of viral respiratory disease in mice. This virus belongs to the paramyxovirus family and primarily affects the respiratory tract of mice, causing symptoms such as sneezing, nasal discharge, and labored breathing. Sendai virus is highly contagious and can spread rapidly among mouse colonies, making it a significant concern in research facilities and animal breeding establishments. It is important to implement strict biosecurity measures to prevent the introduction and spread of Sendai virus in mouse populations.
33.
What parasite causes malaria?
Correct Answer
A. Plasmodium
Explanation
Plasmodium is the correct answer because it is the parasite that causes malaria. Malaria is a life-threatening disease transmitted through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Plasmodium parasites infect and multiply within red blood cells, causing symptoms such as fever, chills, headache, and fatigue. There are several species of Plasmodium that can cause malaria in humans, including Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, and Plasmodium ovale. Proper diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications and reduce the spread of malaria.
34.
Which kind of bird is most likely to get Avian Polyoma Virus?
Correct Answer
D. Parakeet
Explanation
Parakeets are most likely to get Avian Polyoma Virus. This virus is known to affect a wide range of bird species, but parakeets are particularly susceptible to it. They can easily contract the virus through direct contact with infected birds or contaminated surfaces. It can cause various symptoms such as weight loss, feather abnormalities, and immune system suppression. Therefore, it is important to take proper precautions and provide a clean and healthy environment for parakeets to prevent the spread of Avian Polyoma Virus.
35.
Besides Tyzzers, what other mouse disease can cause white foci on the liver?
Correct Answer
D. Mouse Hepatitis Virus
Explanation
Mouse Hepatitis Virus is the correct answer because it is a well-known mouse disease that can cause white foci on the liver. This virus primarily affects the liver and respiratory system of mice, leading to inflammation and damage. The white foci on the liver are a characteristic pathological finding in mice infected with Mouse Hepatitis Virus. Other options like Heliobacter, Pseudomonas, and Sendai are not known to cause white foci on the liver in mice.
36.
What kind of disease is Pacheco's Parrot Disease?
Correct Answer
C. Herpesvirus
Explanation
Pacheco's Parrot Disease is caused by a herpesvirus. Herpesviruses are a family of viruses that can cause various diseases in animals, including birds. Pacheco's Parrot Disease specifically affects parrots and is highly contagious. It can cause severe respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms, leading to high mortality rates in infected birds. This disease is often transmitted through direct contact or contaminated surfaces, making it important to practice strict biosecurity measures to prevent its spread.
37.
What color would you expect the urates of a bird with Pacheco's Parrot disease to be?
Correct Answer
B. Yellow
Explanation
Birds with Pacheco's Parrot disease often have yellow urates. This is because the disease affects the liver, leading to liver dysfunction and the accumulation of bile pigments in the urates. As a result, the urates become yellow in color.
38.
Which is the only lab animal species to have canines (excluding primates)?
Correct Answer
D. Ferrets
Explanation
Ferrets are the only lab animal species, excluding primates, that have canines. Canines are long, pointed teeth that are used for tearing and gripping food. While guinea pigs, rabbits, and hamsters have different types of teeth, none of them have canines. Ferrets, on the other hand, have long, sharp canines that are used for catching and biting prey. Therefore, the correct answer is Ferrets.
39.
What is the house mouse louse?
Correct Answer
B. Polyplax serrata
Explanation
Polyplax serrata is a species of louse that infests house mice. Lice are ectoparasites that live on the external surface of their host's body and feed on their blood. Polyplax serrata specifically targets house mice as its host. This louse species is known for its serrated claws, which help it attach to the fur of the mouse. By infesting house mice, Polyplax serrata can cause irritation, itching, and potential health issues for the host.
40.
If you feed a bird a seed only diet, which of the following is likely to occur?
Correct Answer
D. All of the above
Explanation
Feeding a bird a seed-only diet can lead to hypovitaminosis A, calcium deficiency, and protein deficiency. Seeds are not sufficient in providing all the essential nutrients that a bird needs for optimal health. Hypovitaminosis A can occur due to a lack of vitamin A in the diet, which is important for the bird's vision and immune system. Calcium deficiency can lead to weak bones and eggshell problems in birds. Protein deficiency can result in poor feather quality, muscle wasting, and overall weakness. Therefore, all of the above conditions are likely to occur if a bird is fed a seed-only diet.
41.
What causes epistaxis in macaques?
Correct Answer
D. Moraxella catarrhalis
Explanation
Epistaxis in macaques is caused by Moraxella catarrhalis. This bacterium is known to cause upper respiratory tract infections, including sinusitis and otitis media, which can lead to nosebleeds. Moraxella catarrhalis is commonly found in the respiratory tract of humans and animals, and it can be transmitted through respiratory droplets. In macaques, infection with Moraxella catarrhalis can result in inflammation and damage to the nasal mucosa, leading to epistaxis.
42.
What is true about guinea pigs?
Correct Answer
B. They have a freeze or flight response
Explanation
Guinea pigs have a freeze or flight response, which means that when they feel threatened, they may either freeze in place or try to flee from the situation. This is a common instinctive behavior in many animals, including guinea pigs, as a way to protect themselves from potential harm.
43.
What does nitrite do that makes it so dangerous to the fishies?
Correct Answer
B. It binds with hemoglobin
Explanation
"brown blood disease"
44.
Which animal would not be covered under the Animal Welfare Act?
Correct Answer
B. A laboratory bred mouse used in cancer studies
Explanation
The Animal Welfare Act covers animals used in research, testing, and exhibition, but it does not cover laboratory bred mice used in cancer studies. This is because laboratory bred mice are specifically bred for research purposes and are not considered to be "animals" under the Act. The Act primarily focuses on the welfare of animals that are in commercial trade or exhibition, as well as animals used in federal research facilities. Therefore, the laboratory bred mouse used in cancer studies would not be covered under the Animal Welfare Act.
45.
What breed of rabbit is most popular for use in research?
Correct Answer
C. New Zealand White
Explanation
New Zealand White rabbits are the most popular breed for use in research due to their docile nature, ease of handling, and availability. They are commonly used in a variety of research fields, including toxicology, pharmacology, and genetics. Their white fur color also makes it easier to observe any changes or abnormalities during experiments.
46.
Cholesteatoma effects what part of a gerbil?
Correct Answer
B. Ears
Explanation
a keratin mass forms in the external ear canal
47.
How are guinea pigs born?
Correct Answer(s)
A. With fur
B. Eyes open
C. Ears open
Explanation
Guinea pigs are born with fur, their eyes open, and their ears open. Unlike some other animals, guinea pigs are born fully developed and ready to explore their surroundings. Their fur helps to keep them warm, and their open eyes and ears allow them to immediately start interacting with their environment. This is different from other animals, such as kittens or puppies, which are born with closed eyes and ears and are more dependent on their mothers for care and protection.
48.
What percent of a fish's body weight is blood?
Correct Answer
A. 5%
Explanation
The correct answer is 5%. This means that approximately 5% of a fish's body weight is made up of blood. Blood is an essential component of an animal's body, and while the percentage may vary slightly among different species of fish, 5% is a reasonable estimate. Blood plays a crucial role in transporting oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the fish's body, maintaining its overall health and functionality.
49.
Which disease of primates would cause yellow caseous nodules on lungs and hilar lymph nodes?
Correct Answer
A. Tuberculosis
Explanation
Tuberculosis is the correct answer because it is a disease that can cause yellow caseous nodules on the lungs and hilar lymph nodes. Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which primarily affects the lungs but can also spread to other parts of the body. The formation of yellow caseous nodules is a characteristic feature of tuberculosis infection, indicating the presence of necrotic tissue. Other diseases mentioned in the options do not typically cause these specific symptoms.
50.
What percent of a fish's blood can you safely take?
Correct Answer
C. 30-50%
Explanation
that's a lot!