Know Your Nation

Jawahar Lal Nehru hoisted the Indian Flag in Lahore session of Indian National Congress on December 31, 1929. This was followed by the Declaration of the Independence of India, which was promulgated by the Indian National Congress on January 26, 1930.

Alauddin Khilji declared himself as Sikandar-I-Sani. This title means "the second Alexander" and reflects Khilji's ambitions of conquest and empire-building. He aimed to emulate the military successes and grandeur of Alexander the Great, hence adopting this title. Khilji's reign was marked by his military campaigns, expansion of the Delhi Sultanate, and establishment of a centralized administration. He is known for his military prowess and his efforts to consolidate and strengthen the Sultanate's power.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak is the correct answer because he also launched a Home Rule Movement in India, along with Annie Besant. The Home Rule Movement was a campaign to demand self-government and constitutional reforms for India. Tilak believed that Indians should have the right to govern themselves and actively worked towards achieving this goal. He organized public meetings, published newspapers, and mobilized people to participate in the movement. Tilak's efforts, along with Besant's, played a significant role in raising awareness and mobilizing support for the cause of self-rule in India.

Harshavardhana established a large Buddhist monastery at Nalanda. Nalanda was a renowned ancient center of learning and a thriving Buddhist university. It attracted scholars and students from all over the world and was a hub of intellectual and cultural exchange. The establishment of a monastery at Nalanda reflects Harshavardhana's support for Buddhism and his patronage of education and knowledge.

Savatthi was the capital of Kosala, one of the 16 Mahajanpadas. The Mahajanpadas were ancient kingdoms or republics in India during the 6th to 4th centuries BCE. Kosala was a prominent Mahajanpada located in northern India, with Savatthi as its capital.

During Gandhi's last sojourn to a British prison in 1944, he went on a 21-day fast which resulted in his failing health. The prime minister of England at that time was Winston Churchill. Informed about Gandhi's deteriorating health and his intention to starve to death, Churchill reluctantly ordered his release. This suggests that Winston Churchill is the prime minister of England referred to in the question.

The Mughal emperor during the time when the Rajputs of Mewar submitted to the Mughals for the first time was Jahangir.

Iltutmish was the Sultan of Delhi when the Mongols appeared for the first time in India's soil. He ruled from 1211 to 1236 and successfully defended Delhi against the Mongol invasion led by Genghis Khan's grandson, Hulagu Khan, in 1221. Iltutmish's military prowess and strategic decisions played a crucial role in repelling the Mongols and protecting Delhi from their conquest.

The Chandelas dynasty is known to have constructed the temples at Khajuraho. The temples at Khajuraho are famous for their intricate carvings and architectural beauty. The Chandelas ruled over the region during the 10th to 12th centuries and were patrons of art and architecture. They built numerous temples at Khajuraho, which were dedicated to both Hindu and Jain deities. These temples are now UNESCO World Heritage sites and are a major tourist attraction in India.

The Government of India Act 1858 provided for direct control of Indian Affairs by the British Government. This act was passed after the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny. It abolished the East India Company's rule and transferred the administration of India from the company to the British Crown. The act established the Secretary of State for India, who was a member of the British Cabinet and directly responsible for Indian Affairs. It also created a new administrative structure and expanded the powers of the British government in India.

The correct answer is the Ghadar Party. The Ghadar Party was formed in Germany in 1914 by Indian students and political activists who were residing in the country during World War I. The party aimed to fight for India's independence from British colonial rule and sought support from other countries to achieve this goal. The Ghadar Party played a significant role in mobilizing Indians both within and outside of India to participate in the struggle for independence.

Huen-tsang is the correct answer because he was a Chinese Buddhist monk who traveled to India during the reign of Harshavardhana. He recorded his observations and experiences in his book, "Records of the Western World," which provides detailed information about the cultural, social, and political aspects of ancient India. In his writings, Huen-tsang mentions the use of Ghati yantra, which were pots used for watering fields during Harshavardhana's time.

The Abhidhamma Pitaka is a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material appearing in the Suttas, according to schematic classifications. It is one of the three divisions of the Pali Canon, the scriptures of Theravada Buddhism. The Abhidhamma Pitaka is known for its systematic analysis and categorization of various aspects of human experience, such as consciousness, mental factors, and the nature of reality. It provides a deeper understanding and interpretation of the teachings found in the Suttas, making it a comprehensive and detailed exposition of Buddhist doctrine.

The Vinaya Pitaka is the correct answer because it is a part of the Buddhist Canon that specifically deals with rules and regulations for monks and nuns. This text contains guidelines on discipline, conduct, and ethical practices for those who have chosen the monastic life. The Sutta Pitaka, on the other hand, contains the discourses of the Buddha, while the Abhidhamma Pitaka focuses on philosophical and psychological analysis. Therefore, the Vinaya Pitaka is the most relevant choice in relation to rules for monks and nuns.

The movement that started with Dandi during the Freedom Struggle of India was the Civil Disobedience Movement. This movement was led by Mahatma Gandhi and aimed to challenge the unjust British laws and taxes by encouraging Indians to peacefully disobey them. The movement gained momentum with the Salt March, where Gandhi and his followers marched to the coastal town of Dandi to produce salt in defiance of the British monopoly. This movement played a significant role in India's struggle for independence and brought international attention to the cause.

Ramsay MacDonald is the correct answer because he was the British Prime Minister at the time and he introduced the Communal Award in August 1932. The Communal Award provided separate electorates for different religious communities in India, including Muslims, Sikhs, and Christians. This was done in an attempt to address the demands of various religious groups for political representation. MacDonald's decision to implement separate electorates was controversial and sparked debates and protests in India.