1.
Despite its apparent _____, much of early Greek philosophical thought was actually marked by a kind of unconscious dogmatism that led to _____ assertions.
Correct Answer
A. Liberality ... doctrinaire
Explanation
Early Greek philosophical thought may have appeared to be open-minded and accepting (liberality), but in reality, it was characterized by a rigid adherence to established beliefs and principles (doctrinaire). This suggests that despite the initial impression of openness, Greek philosophers were actually dogmatic in their assertions.
2.
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's _____ proved keenest when he accurately predicted that his books would someday appear in his native Russia.
Correct Answer
A. Foresight
Explanation
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's foresight proved keenest when he accurately predicted that his books would someday appear in his native Russia. This suggests that Solzhenitsyn had the ability to anticipate and envision future events or outcomes, specifically regarding the availability and reception of his books in his home country. His foresight implies that he had a deep understanding of the political and social climate in Russia, as well as the potential impact of his literary works.
3.
The simple and direct images in Dorothea Lange's photographs provide _____ reflection of a bygone social milieu.
Correct Answer
B. A candid
Explanation
The simple and direct images in Dorothea Lange's photographs provide a candid reflection of a bygone social milieu. This means that the photographs capture the reality and truthfulness of the social environment from the past, without any embellishments or exaggerations. The images are straightforward and honest, allowing viewers to get a genuine glimpse into the historical context.
4.
Kate's impulsive nature and sudden whims led her friends to label her _____.
Correct Answer
A. Capricious
Explanation
Kate's impulsive nature and sudden whims indicate that she is unpredictable and prone to changing her mind or behavior without warning. This aligns with the definition of "capricious," which means to be impulsive or unpredictable. The other options, bombastic, loquacious, dispassionate, and decorous, do not accurately describe someone who is impulsive and prone to sudden whims.
5.
Neurosurgeon Alexa Canady maintained that choosing a career was a visceral decision rather than ______ judgment; that is, it was not so much rational as ______.
Correct Answer
D. A deliberate ... instinctive
Explanation
Alexa Canady, a neurosurgeon, believed that choosing a career was a deliberate decision rather than an instinctive judgment. This means that it was a carefully thought-out and intentional choice, rather than a spontaneous or impulsive decision. Canady's view suggests that one's career choice should be based on careful consideration and planning, rather than purely relying on instinct or gut feeling.
6.
Creative business stratagems frequently become ______ as a result of ______, their versatility, and their adaptability destroyed by their transformation into rigid policies.
Correct Answer
C. Ossified ... bureaucratization
Explanation
Creative business stratagems frequently become ossified as a result of bureaucratization, their versatility, and adaptability destroyed by their transformation into rigid policies. Bureaucratization refers to the process of implementing excessive rules and regulations in an organization, which can stifle creativity and flexibility. When creative strategies are subjected to bureaucratization, they lose their ability to adapt to changing circumstances and become rigid and inflexible. This hampers innovation and prevents the organization from effectively responding to new challenges and opportunities. Therefore, the term "ossified" accurately describes the negative impact of bureaucratization on creative business stratagems.
7.
Known for her ______, Miranda eagerly welcomes anyone into her home.
Correct Answer
C. Hospitality
Explanation
Miranda is known for her hospitality, which means she eagerly welcomes anyone into her home. This implies that she is friendly, welcoming, and accommodating towards guests or visitors. The word "hospitality" is the best fit for this context as it aligns with the given information about Miranda's behavior.
8.
Not surprisingly, supporters of the governor's plan to set aside land for a forest preserve were disappointed when a court decision _____ the plan.
Correct Answer
B. Derailed
Explanation
Supporters of the governor's plan to set aside land for a forest preserve were disappointed when a court decision derailed the plan. This means that the court decision caused the plan to fail or be obstructed, which is why the supporters were disappointed. The word "derailed" implies that the plan was on track or progressing, but the court decision caused it to come to a halt or be diverted from its intended course.
9.
Because playing a musical instrument increases brain activity, it is sometimes used as a _____ to promote learning in children.
Correct Answer
C. Stimulus
Explanation
Playing a musical instrument increases brain activity and stimulates cognitive functions. Therefore, it can be used as a stimulus to promote learning in children.
10.
The ambassador argues that, in diplomacy, there is a subtle but important difference between a country's showing a willingness to _____ and to a too-obvious readiness to make _____.
Correct Answer
A. Negotiate ... concessions
Explanation
In diplomacy, showing a willingness to negotiate is important as it demonstrates a willingness to find a mutually agreeable solution. However, showing a too-obvious readiness to make concessions can be detrimental as it may weaken a country's position and bargaining power. Therefore, finding the right balance between negotiation and making concessions is crucial in diplomatic relations.