Unit 2 Target 4 & 5-cell Organelle Functions Quiz
Questions and Answers
- 1.
An organelle found in a liver cell would best be identified as a lysosome if its primary function was which of the following?
- A.
Processing and packaging of cellular materials prior to export
- B.
Harvesting of light energy to produce carbohydrates
- C.
Detoxification of poisonous molecules within the cell
- D.
Digestion of macromolecules and old organelles
Correct Answer
D. Digestion of macromolecules and old organellesExplanation
A lysosome is a type of organelle that is responsible for the digestion of macromolecules and old organelles. It contains enzymes that break down these materials, allowing the cell to recycle and reuse their components. This function is crucial for maintaining the overall health and functionality of the cell. Therefore, if an organelle found in a liver cell primarily functions in the digestion of macromolecules and old organelles, it would be best identified as a lysosome.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Naomi adds cyclohexamide to cells grown in a test tube. Within minutes, she identifies short incomplete segments of proteins in the cells. On which organelle does cyclohexamide act?
- A.
Endoplasmic reticulum
- B.
Golgi apparatus
- C.
Nucleus
- D.
Ribosome
Correct Answer
D. RibosomeExplanation
Cyclohexamide is a protein synthesis inhibitor that specifically targets the ribosomes, the cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis. By adding cyclohexamide to cells and observing the formation of short incomplete segments of proteins, Naomi can conclude that the drug is acting on the ribosomes, preventing them from completing the synthesis of proteins.Rate this question:
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- 3.
After Tyler adds a chemical to normally functioning cells, proteins begin to accumulate in the cells’ endoplasmic reticula. This chemical most likely prevents movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to which organelle
- A.
Golgi apparatus
- B.
Lysosome
- C.
Mitochondria
- D.
Ribosome
Correct Answer
A. Golgi apparatusExplanation
The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins that are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. If proteins are accumulating in the endoplasmic reticulum after the addition of a chemical, it suggests that the chemical is preventing the movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. This disruption in protein trafficking can lead to abnormal cellular function and potentially impact various cellular processes.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The plasma/cell membrane
- A.
Encloses the contents of a cell.
- B.
Allows material to enter and leave the cell.
- C.
Is selectively permeable.
- D.
All of the answers are correct.
Correct Answer
D. All of the answers are correct.Explanation
The plasma/cell membrane is a crucial component of a cell as it encloses the contents of the cell, providing structure and protection. It also allows materials to enter and leave the cell through various mechanisms such as diffusion, osmosis, and active transport. Additionally, the plasma/cell membrane is selectively permeable, meaning it regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell to maintain homeostasis. Therefore, all of the given answers are correct as they accurately describe the functions and characteristics of the plasma/cell membrane.Rate this question:
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- 5.
A particularly active cell might contain large numbers of
- A.
Chromosomes.
- B.
Vacuoles.
- C.
Mitochondria.
- D.
Walls.
Correct Answer
C. Mitochondria.Explanation
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. They are present in large numbers in active cells that require a lot of energy, such as muscle cells. Therefore, it can be inferred that a particularly active cell might contain large numbers of mitochondria.Rate this question:
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- 6.
One important organelle that helps maintain homeostasis by moving supplies from one part of the cell to the other is the
- A.
Endoplasmic reticulum.
- B.
Mitochondrion.
- C.
Nucleus.
- D.
Cytoplasm.
Correct Answer
A. Endoplasmic reticulum.Explanation
The endoplasmic reticulum is an important organelle that helps maintain homeostasis by moving supplies from one part of the cell to another. It plays a crucial role in protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and the detoxification of drugs and toxins. The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranous tubules and sacs that extends throughout the cytoplasm of the cell. It is involved in the transport of proteins and lipids within the cell, as well as the synthesis of membrane components. Therefore, the endoplasmic reticulum is the correct answer in this case.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The packaging and distribution center of the cell is the
- A.
Nucleus.
- B.
Golgi apparatus.
- C.
Central vacuole.
- D.
Nuclear envelope.
Correct Answer
B. Golgi apparatus.Explanation
The Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging and distributing proteins and lipids within the cell. It receives these molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum and modifies them by adding carbohydrates or other groups. It then packages them into vesicles and sends them to their final destination within the cell or for secretion outside of the cell. The nucleus, on the other hand, contains the cell's genetic material and is involved in gene expression and control. The central vacuole is found in plant cells and functions in storage and maintaining cell turgor pressure. The nuclear envelope is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus, separating it from the rest of the cell.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The double membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the
- A.
Nucleolus.
- B.
Nuclear wall.
- C.
Nucleoplasm.
- D.
Nuclear envelope.
Correct Answer
D. Nuclear envelope.Explanation
The double membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the nuclear envelope. This envelope separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm and regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the nucleus. It consists of an inner and outer membrane, with a narrow space in between called the perinuclear space. The nuclear envelope also contains nuclear pores, which allow for the exchange of materials between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The nucleolus, on the other hand, is a distinct structure within the nucleus involved in the production of ribosomes.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the following structures is found in the cytoplasm?
- A.
Nucleolus
- B.
Ribosome
- C.
Chromatin
- D.
Cell wall
Correct Answer
B. RibosomeExplanation
Ribosomes are the structures found in the cytoplasm. They are responsible for protein synthesis and can be found either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. The nucleolus is located within the nucleus and is involved in the production of ribosomes. Chromatin refers to the DNA and proteins that make up chromosomes and is found within the nucleus. The cell wall is a rigid structure found in plant cells, not in the cytoplasm.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
- A.
Golgi apparatus
- B.
Mitochondrion
- C.
Vacuole
- D.
Ribosome
Correct Answer
D. RibosomeExplanation
Ribosomes are the structures that make proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus. They are responsible for protein synthesis, which is a vital process in all living organisms. Ribosomes read the instructions encoded in the DNA and use them to assemble amino acids into proteins. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of cells. The Golgi apparatus, mitochondrion, and vacuole are all important organelles in the cell, but they do not directly participate in protein synthesis.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use?
- A.
Chloroplast
- B.
Golgi apparatus
- C.
Endoplasmic reticulum
- D.
Mitochondrion
Correct Answer
D. MitochondrionExplanation
The mitochondrion is the organelle responsible for converting the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use. This process is known as cellular respiration, where glucose and oxygen are converted into ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the main energy currency of the cell. The mitochondria have an inner membrane with folds called cristae, which provide a large surface area for the chemical reactions involved in ATP production.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which organelles help provide cells with energy?
- A.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
- B.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- C.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- D.
Golgi apparatus and ribosomes
Correct Answer
A. Mitochondria and chloroplastsExplanation
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are organelles that help provide cells with energy. Mitochondria are known as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. Chloroplasts, on the other hand, are found in plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis, the process through which sunlight is converted into energy-rich molecules like glucose. Together, these organelles play a crucial role in energy production and are essential for the functioning of cells.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which structures carry out cell movement?
- A.
Cytoplasm and ribosomes
- B.
Nucleolus and nucleus
- C.
Microtubules and microfilaments
- D.
Chromosomes
Correct Answer
C. Microtubules and microfilamentsExplanation
Microtubules and microfilaments are the structures that carry out cell movement. Microtubules are long, hollow tubes made of protein called tubulin, which provide structural support and serve as tracks for movement of organelles within the cell. They also form the spindle fibers during cell division. Microfilaments, on the other hand, are thin, solid filaments made of protein called actin, which are involved in cell contraction and movement. These two structures work together to enable various forms of cell movement, such as cell crawling, muscle contraction, and the movement of cilia and flagella.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?
- A.
Helps the cell maintain its shape
- B.
Helps the cell move
- C.
Prevents chromosomes from separating
- D.
Helps organelles within the cell move
Correct Answer
C. Prevents chromosomes from separatingExplanation
The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that provides structural support to the cell and helps it maintain its shape. It also plays a role in cell movement by facilitating the contraction and extension of the cell. Additionally, the cytoskeleton is involved in the movement of organelles within the cell. However, it does not have a direct role in preventing chromosomes from separating during cell division. This function is primarily carried out by the spindle fibers, which are made up of microtubules and are responsible for separating the chromosomes.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The main function of the cell wall is to
- A.
Support and protect the cell.
- B.
Store DNA.
- C.
Direct the activities of the cell.
- D.
Help the cell move.
Correct Answer
A. Support and protect the cell.Explanation
The cell wall is a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane in plant cells, fungi, and bacteria. Its main function is to provide support and protection to the cell. It helps maintain the shape of the cell and prevents it from bursting under osmotic pressure. Additionally, the cell wall acts as a barrier against external threats such as pathogens and physical damage. Therefore, the correct answer is "support and protect the cell."Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which sequence correctly traces the path of a protein in the cell?
- A.
Ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, released from the cell
- B.
Ribosome, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, released from the cell
- C.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, Golgi apparatus, released from the cell
- D.
Mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, cell membrane, released from the cell
Correct Answer
A. Ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, released from the cellExplanation
The correct answer is ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, released from the cell. This sequence correctly traces the path of a protein in the cell. Proteins are synthesized by ribosomes, then transported to the rough endoplasmic reticulum where they undergo further processing and modification. From there, the proteins are transported to the Golgi apparatus where they undergo additional processing and sorting. Finally, the proteins are packaged into vesicles and released from the cell.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The organelles associated with photosynthesis are the
- A.
Mitochondria.
- B.
Chloroplasts.
- C.
Golgi apparatus.
- D.
Vacuoles.
Correct Answer
B. Chloroplasts.Explanation
The correct answer is chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are the organelles associated with photosynthesis. They contain chlorophyll, which captures sunlight and converts it into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis. Mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration, Golgi apparatus is involved in protein modification and packaging, and vacuoles are involved in storage and waste management. However, only chloroplasts have the necessary components and enzymes to carry out photosynthesis.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Plant cells have a large membrane-bound space in which water, waste products, and nutrients are stored. This place is known as a
- A.
Mitochondrion.
- B.
Chloroplast.
- C.
Golgi apparatus.
- D.
Central vacuole.
Correct Answer
D. Central vacuole.Explanation
Plant cells have a large membrane-bound space called the central vacuole, which is responsible for storing water, waste products, and nutrients. The central vacuole helps maintain the cell's shape, regulate cell volume, and store important substances needed for cell growth and development. The mitochondrion is responsible for energy production, the chloroplast is involved in photosynthesis, and the Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging and distributing molecules within the cell.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?
- A.
Stores DNA
- B.
Controls most of the cell’s processes
- C.
Contains the information needed to make proteins
- D.
All of the answers are correct
Correct Answer
D. All of the answers are correctExplanation
The nucleus is responsible for storing DNA, which contains the genetic information needed for protein synthesis. It also controls most of the cell's processes, including cell growth, division, and metabolism. Therefore, all of the given answers are correct as they describe different functions performed by the nucleus.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The function of the centriole is to
- A.
Make proteins.
- B.
Separate chromosomes during cell division.
- C.
Make lipids.
- D.
Separate DNA during DNA replication.
Correct Answer
B. Separate chromosomes during cell division.Explanation
The centriole is a small organelle found in animal cells that plays a crucial role in cell division. It functions as a microtubule organizing center and helps in the formation of the spindle fibers. During cell division, the centrioles duplicate and move to opposite poles of the cell. They then assist in the separation of chromosomes by forming the mitotic spindle, which attaches to the chromosomes and pulls them apart. Therefore, the correct answer is that the function of the centriole is to separate chromosomes during cell division.Rate this question:
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- 21.
A structure within a cell that carries out specific activities inside the cell is called a(n)
- A.
Organelle.
- B.
Cytoplasm.
- C.
Nucleus.
- D.
Membrane.
Correct Answer
A. Organelle.Explanation
An organelle is a structure within a cell that carries out specific activities inside the cell. It is responsible for performing various functions, such as energy production, protein synthesis, and waste removal. Examples of organelles include the mitochondria, which produce energy, and the endoplasmic reticulum, which is involved in protein synthesis. The other options, cytoplasm, nucleus, and membrane, are not specific structures within the cell that carry out activities, but rather refer to different components of the cell.Rate this question:
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Mar 16, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Sep 03, 2014Quiz Created by
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