1.
Which skill level may be assigned to job positions such as team leaders or shift supervisors?
Correct Answer
D. Journeyman
Explanation
Journeyman may be assigned to job positions such as team leaders or shift supervisors because they have acquired a high level of skill and expertise in their trade through years of experience and training. They have demonstrated proficiency in their field and are capable of leading a team or supervising others. The term "journeyman" typically refers to someone who has completed an apprenticeship and is now considered a skilled worker in their trade.
2.
Which programming related duty is responsible to isolate and identify programming errors?
Correct Answer
B. Software developer
Explanation
A software developer is responsible for isolating and identifying programming errors. They have the knowledge and expertise to debug and troubleshoot code, identify the root cause of errors, and implement fixes or improvements to ensure the software functions correctly. They use various tools and techniques to analyze and diagnose issues, such as debugging tools, logging, and testing frameworks. By identifying and resolving programming errors, software developers ensure the reliability and functionality of the software they are working on.
3.
Operational risk management is a
Correct Answer
C. Decision-making process to systematically evaluate possible courses of action
Explanation
Operational risk management is a decision-making process that involves systematically evaluating possible courses of action. It helps organizations identify potential risks and develop strategies to mitigate them. By considering various options and their potential outcomes, operational risk management enables organizations to make informed decisions that can minimize the likelihood of occupational injuries and illnesses, enhance readiness, and accomplish their mission effectively.
4.
Which of the following is not a responsibility of Air Force Occupational Safety and Health Standards?
Correct Answer
A. Analyze risk control measures
Explanation
The responsibility of Air Force Occupational Safety and Health Standards does not include analyzing risk control measures. This means that it is not their responsibility to assess or evaluate the effectiveness of measures put in place to mitigate risks. Their responsibilities, as stated in the other options, include using risk management to identify and reduce risks, notifying supervisors about job-related injuries or health issues, and reporting any job-related injuries or exposure to hazardous materials.
5.
Approximately what percentage of all accidents is due to human error?
Correct Answer
D. 95%
Explanation
The correct answer is 95%. This suggests that a large majority of accidents are caused by human error. This implies that human factors such as negligence, distraction, or lack of skill play a significant role in accidents, while other factors like mechanical failure or environmental conditions have a lesser impact. This statistic emphasizes the importance of improving human behavior, training, and awareness to reduce the occurrence of accidents.
6.
How many months of OJT must a member have before being upgraded to the 7 skill level?
Correct Answer
C. 12 months
Explanation
To be upgraded to the 7 skill level, a member must have 12 months of OJT. This means that they need to complete a full year of on-the-job training before they can progress to the 7 skill level. This duration allows the member to gain sufficient experience and knowledge in their field to reach the required skill level for the upgrade.
7.
Which software engineering goal acts like a bridge between the problem and its solution?
Correct Answer
A. Understandability
Explanation
Understandability is the software engineering goal that acts as a bridge between the problem and its solution. It refers to the ability of the software to be easily comprehended by humans, including the users, developers, and maintainers. When software is understandable, it enables effective communication and collaboration between stakeholders, facilitates problem-solving, and reduces the chances of errors and misunderstandings. It ensures that the solution is clear and can be easily interpreted and modified if needed.
8.
The software system that is effcient when it operates using available resources optimally defines the software egineering goal of
Correct Answer
D. Efficiency
Explanation
Efficiency is the correct answer because the question is asking for the software engineering goal that focuses on the optimal utilization of available resources. Efficiency in software engineering refers to the ability of a software system to perform its tasks using the least amount of resources, such as memory, processing power, and time. By operating efficiently, the software system can maximize its performance and minimize any wastage or unnecessary resource consumption. Therefore, efficiency aligns with the goal of utilizing available resources optimally.
9.
The purpose of information hiding is to
Correct Answer
B. Make nonessential details transparent to the user
Explanation
The purpose of information hiding is to make nonessential details transparent to the user. This means that the user does not need to be concerned with the inner workings or implementation details of a module. By hiding these nonessential details, it allows for easier understanding and use of the module, as the user can focus on the essential functionality without being overwhelmed by unnecessary information. Additionally, information hiding also helps to reduce the details that programmers need to worry about at any given level, allowing for more efficient and manageable development.
10.
Which software engineering principle tells us that related modules should be in the same physical part of the program?
Correct Answer
B. Localization
Explanation
Localization is the software engineering principle that tells us that related modules should be in the same physical part of the program. This principle emphasizes the importance of organizing and grouping related modules together, making it easier to understand and maintain the codebase. By localizing related modules, it enhances code readability, reduces complexity, and promotes better code organization and structure.
11.
The purpose of CASE tools is to
Correct Answer
A. Help you by enforcing standards throughout a particular project
Explanation
CASE tools, which stands for Computer-Aided Software Engineering tools, are designed to assist in the development and maintenance of software systems. They provide various functionalities to help enforce standards and improve productivity throughout a project. These tools can include features such as code generation, documentation generation, version control, and automated testing, among others. By using CASE tools, developers can ensure that consistent standards are followed, leading to better quality and maintainability of the software being developed.
12.
What is a toolkit?
Correct Answer
C. Loosely integrated collections of products easily extended by aggeregating different tools
Explanation
A toolkit refers to a loosely integrated collection of products that can be easily extended by combining various tools. This means that a toolkit is not a single tool or software, but rather a combination of multiple tools that work together to provide a comprehensive solution. These tools can be added or removed as needed, allowing for flexibility and customization. The term "loosely integrated" suggests that the tools may not be tightly connected or dependent on each other, but can still work together effectively. This type of toolkit enables users to have a wide range of options and adaptability in their workflow.
13.
What is methodology?
Correct Answer
C. The branch of logic dealing with the general principles of the formation of knowledge
14.
A characteristic or quality is known as
Correct Answer
C. An attribute
Explanation
An attribute refers to a characteristic or quality of something. It is a term commonly used in various fields such as programming, statistics, and database management. In programming, an attribute is a variable or property that defines the characteristics or behavior of an object. It provides additional information about an object's state or behavior. Therefore, the given correct answer, "an attribute," accurately describes a characteristic or quality.
15.
A descritpion or characteristic that is applicable to some number of objects is
Correct Answer
A. A class
Explanation
A class is a description or characteristic that is applicable to some number of objects. It represents a blueprint or template for creating objects that share similar properties and behaviors. By defining a class, we can create multiple instances or objects that possess the same attributes and methods defined in the class. Therefore, a class is the correct answer in this context.
16.
Encapsulation supports which software engineering principle?
Correct Answer
A. Modularity
Explanation
Encapsulation supports the software engineering principle of modularity. Modularity is the concept of breaking down a complex system into smaller, self-contained modules that can be developed and tested independently. Encapsulation allows the data and methods within a module to be encapsulated or hidden from other modules, ensuring that each module can operate independently without affecting or being affected by other modules. This promotes code reusability, maintainability, and scalability in software development.
17.
A person, place, thing, or a physical or conceptual entity is known as
Correct Answer
C. An object
Explanation
An object refers to a person, place, thing, or a physical or conceptual entity. It is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming and represents a specific instance of a class. Objects have their own unique properties and behaviors, which are defined by the class they belong to. They can interact with other objects and perform actions based on their defined functionalities.
18.
Persistence is
Correct Answer
B. An object that continues to exist, maintaining its state, behavior, and identity
Explanation
Persistence refers to the ability of an object to continue existing and maintaining its state, behavior, and identity. This means that even after the object is no longer actively being used or accessed, it still retains its data and properties. Persistence is important in many applications, such as storing data in databases or saving progress in a video game. By maintaining its state, behavior, and identity, the object can be retrieved and used again later, ensuring continuity and consistency in the application or system.
19.
The ability of two or more classes of objects to respond to the same message, each in its own way is known as
Correct Answer
C. PolymorpHism
Explanation
Polymorphism refers to the ability of objects of different classes to respond to the same message, each in its own way. It allows objects to be treated as instances of their own class or as instances of their superclass, providing flexibility and reusability in object-oriented programming. This concept is essential in achieving code modularity, extensibility, and abstraction.
20.
What is the first step in OOD?
Correct Answer
B. Define the problem
Explanation
The first step in Object-Oriented Design (OOD) is to define the problem. This involves understanding the requirements and constraints of the problem at hand. By clearly defining the problem, it becomes easier to identify the objects, operations, and develop a problem solution statement. Without a clear problem definition, it would be challenging to proceed with the rest of the OOD process effectively.
21.
In which step of the OOD is an object list created?
Correct Answer
A. Identify the objects
Explanation
In the step of identifying the objects in the OOD (Object-Oriented Design) process, an object list is created. This step involves analyzing the problem domain and determining the relevant objects or entities that will be part of the solution. The object list helps in understanding the structure and behavior of the system, and serves as a foundation for further design and implementation steps.
22.
In which step of the OOD are the objects grouped with the operations?
Correct Answer
B. Establish interfaces
Explanation
In the step of "Establish interfaces" in Object-Oriented Design (OOD), the objects are grouped with the operations. This step involves defining the interfaces or contracts that specify the methods and properties of each object. By establishing interfaces, the interactions between objects are defined, allowing for better organization and communication between them. This step is crucial in designing a system that is modular, extensible, and promotes code reusability.
23.
Data stores are
Correct Answer
A. Time-delayed repositories of data
Explanation
Data stores are time-delayed repositories of data, meaning that they are locations where data is stored for a certain period of time before being accessed or used. This suggests that data stores are not real-time sources of data, but rather hold information that may have been collected or generated at an earlier point in time. The term "repositories" implies that data stores serve as centralized locations for storing and organizing data. Therefore, the correct answer is that data stores are time-delayed repositories of data.
24.
Which of these is not one of the four data flow diagram elements?
Correct Answer
C. Specification
Explanation
The correct answer is "Specification" because a data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the flow of data within a system, and it consists of four main elements: processes, data stores, sources, and sinks. The specification is not considered one of the elements in a DFD. The specification typically refers to the detailed documentation or requirements for the system, rather than being a component within the diagram itself.
25.
How is the data flow represented on a DFD?
Correct Answer
B. Arrows
Explanation
On a Data Flow Diagram (DFD), the data flow is represented by arrows. These arrows indicate the direction in which data is moving between different processes, entities, and data stores. The arrows show the flow from a source (such as an entity or a process) to a destination (such as a process or a data store). This representation helps to visualize the movement of data within a system and understand how different components interact with each other.
26.
How is a source/sink represented on a DFD?
Correct Answer
C. Rectangle
Explanation
A source/sink is represented on a Data Flow Diagram (DFD) using a rectangle. A rectangle is commonly used to depict external entities or processes that are the origin or destination of data flows. It represents a system or entity that produces or consumes data within the context of the DFD. The rectangle symbolizes the boundary of the source/sink and helps to visually distinguish it from other components of the diagram.
27.
What is the DFD conservation rule?
Correct Answer
C. The only outputs from a process are those that can be generated using its inputs
Explanation
The DFD conservation rule states that the only outputs from a process are those that can be generated using its inputs. This means that a process should not produce any outputs that are not derived from its inputs. This rule ensures that the data flow within a system is logical and consistent, as the outputs are directly related to the inputs. It helps to maintain the integrity and accuracy of the information being processed in the system.
28.
What is the DFD persistence rule?
Correct Answer
A. A process is always running
Explanation
The DFD persistence rule states that a process is always running. This means that once a process starts, it continues to execute until it is explicitly terminated. This rule ensures that processes in a Data Flow Diagram (DFD) model are continuously active and able to perform their intended functions. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining the flow of data and the continuous processing of information within the system.
29.
What is the DFD ordering rule?
Correct Answer
D. Data flow is processed as it is received; however, data in a data store can be accessed at any time and in any order
Explanation
The DFD ordering rule states that data flow is processed as it is received, meaning that it is processed in the order it arrives. However, data in a data store can be accessed at any time and in any order, indicating that there is no specific order in which data in a data store needs to be accessed. This rule helps ensure that the flow of data within a system is efficient and follows a logical sequence.
30.
What happens to input data during a DFD change of nature?
Correct Answer
B. Some type of editing or computation is done on the input data flow
Explanation
During a DFD change of nature, some type of editing or computation is done on the input data flow. This means that the input data is modified or processed in some way before being used further in the system. This could involve editing the data to remove errors or inconsistencies, performing calculations or transformations on the data, or applying business rules or algorithms to manipulate the data. The purpose of this editing or computation is to ensure that the input data is in the desired format or state for the subsequent stages of processing in the system.
31.
What does a DFD change of organization mean?
Correct Answer
C. The output data is the same as the input data, but the data is arranged differently
Explanation
A DFD change of organization means that the output data remains the same as the input data, but the way the data is organized or arranged is different. This could involve reordering the data, grouping it differently, or presenting it in a different format. The actual data values themselves do not change, only their arrangement.
32.
What should be ignored on a DFD?
Correct Answer
A. Initialization and termination details
Explanation
On a Data Flow Diagram (DFD), initialization and termination details should be ignored. These details refer to the specific steps involved in starting and ending a process or system, such as initializing variables or closing database connections. While important for implementation, these details are not relevant to the high-level representation of data flows and processes in a DFD. Instead, a DFD focuses on illustrating the flow of data between processes, entities, and data stores, as well as the transformations that occur.
33.
It is important to use guidelines when developing DFDs to
Correct Answer
D. Clarify the design approach and ensure a quality design product
Explanation
When developing Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs), it is important to use guidelines to clarify the design approach and ensure a quality design product. Guidelines help in providing a structured and consistent methodology for creating DFDs, which aids in understanding the system's functionality, data flow, and processes. By following guidelines, designers can ensure that the DFD accurately represents the system and its requirements, leading to a well-designed solution. Additionally, guidelines help in identifying any potential flaws or gaps in the design, allowing for improvements and adjustments to be made before implementation.
34.
What is the system detailed design based on?
Correct Answer
D. Structured specification documentation
Explanation
The system detailed design is based on structured specification documentation. This documentation provides a detailed outline of the system's design, including its components, modules, and their interactions. It serves as a blueprint for the development team to follow during the implementation phase. The structured specification documentation ensures that the system is designed and developed according to the specified requirements and standards, making it easier to understand, maintain, and modify in the future.
35.
When considering errors made on DFDs, one that is not a common error is the
Correct Answer
C. DFD excludes initialization and termination details
Explanation
One common error in DFDs is when the process creates output from data that is not input. This means that the process is generating information without receiving any input data. Another common error is when the DFD has ambiguous data flow names, which can lead to confusion and misinterpretation of the data flows. Additionally, having "dead end" data flows that are input but never used is also a common error. However, the DFD excluding initialization and termination details is not considered a common error as these details are often not included in the DFD as they are not directly related to the data flow.
36.
What are the two main types of data in the DD?
Correct Answer
A. Elementary and Composite
Explanation
The correct answer is "Elementary and Composite." In the context of the given question, the two main types of data in the DD (possibly referring to Data Dictionary) are elementary and composite. Elementary data refers to basic data elements that cannot be further divided, such as characters or numbers. On the other hand, composite data refers to data elements that are made up of multiple elementary data elements, such as records or structures.
37.
A related collection of records is a
Correct Answer
A. File
Explanation
A related collection of records is referred to as a file. A file is a container that holds related data records, which can be accessed and manipulated by computer programs. It is a common way to organize and store data in a structured manner. Files can be stored on various storage devices such as hard drives, solid-state drives, or cloud storage. They allow efficient storage, retrieval, and management of data, making it easier for applications to access and process the information they need.
38.
What must be considered when evaluating DD software applications?
Correct Answer
B. Purpose
Explanation
When evaluating DD software applications, the purpose of the software must be considered. This is important because different software applications serve different purposes and have different functionalities. Evaluating the purpose of the software helps determine if it aligns with the specific needs and requirements of the user or organization. It ensures that the software will be able to fulfill the intended tasks and provide the desired outcomes.
39.
What is the overall goal when you are selecting a DD?
Correct Answer
D. Select the dictionary that meets as many of the requirements as possible
Explanation
The overall goal when selecting a DD is to choose the dictionary that fulfills the most requirements. This means considering all the necessary criteria and selecting the option that meets as many of these requirements as possible. By doing so, you can ensure that the chosen DD will be able to fulfill the desired objectives and functions effectively.
40.
Which E-R can have one entity occurrence of the first type that can relate to, at most, one entity occurrence of the second type and vice versa?
Correct Answer
A. One-to-one
Explanation
A one-to-one relationship in an entity-relationship (E-R) model means that one entity occurrence of the first type can only relate to, at most, one entity occurrence of the second type, and vice versa. This type of relationship ensures a unique and direct connection between the two entities, where each entity has a single counterpart in the other entity type. It is often used when there is a strict one-to-one correspondence between the entities being modeled.
41.
Which E-R can have one entity occurrence of the first type relating to zero, one, or multiple occurrences of the second type, as well as one occurrence of the second type relating to zero, one, or multiple occurrences of the first type?
Correct Answer
D. Many-to-many
Explanation
A many-to-many relationship in an entity-relationship (E-R) model allows for one entity occurrence of the first type to be related to zero, one, or multiple occurrences of the second type, and vice versa. This means that multiple instances of the first type can be associated with multiple instances of the second type, creating a many-to-many relationship between the two.
42.
What type of description ensures that all input and output data flows and all procedures related to the process are defined?
Correct Answer
C. Complete
Explanation
Complete description ensures that all input and output data flows and all procedures related to the process are defined. It means that the description includes all the necessary information and leaves no room for ambiguity or confusion. A complete description provides a comprehensive understanding of the process and ensures that all aspects are covered, leaving no gaps or missing details. This type of description is crucial for ensuring clarity and accuracy in the execution of the process.
43.
What is commonly used during the sturctured code development process to give details of a funtional primitive?
Correct Answer
D. Structured English
Explanation
Structured English is commonly used during the structured code development process to give details of a functional primitive. Structured English is a form of pseudocode that uses a combination of natural language and programming constructs to describe the logic and flow of a program. It helps in breaking down complex algorithms into smaller, more manageable steps, making it easier to understand and implement. Using structured English allows developers to communicate the intended functionality of a program in a clear and concise manner, facilitating the development process.
44.
A decision tree is characterized by
Correct Answer
D. Portraying a hierarchy of independent conditions and the activities resulting form each valid combination of conditions
Explanation
A decision tree is a graphical representation that depicts a hierarchy of independent conditions and the corresponding activities that occur based on the valid combination of these conditions. It allows for the visualization of different possible outcomes and paths based on the evaluation of certain conditions. Each condition acts as a branch in the tree, leading to different activities or actions depending on whether the condition is true or false. This hierarchical structure helps in understanding the flow of decisions and actions in a systematic and organized manner.
45.
What is an algorithm used for?
Correct Answer
C. Outlining the final solutions that you must translate into a specific programming language with syntactical structures
Explanation
An algorithm is used to outline the final solutions that need to be translated into a specific programming language with syntactical structures. It provides a step-by-step plan or set of instructions for solving a problem or completing a task. The algorithm acts as a blueprint for the implementation of the solution in a programming language, ensuring that the solution is accurately and efficiently executed.
46.
What are reserved words?
Correct Answer
D. Words having special meaning to a particular programming language
Explanation
Reserved words are words that have a special meaning in a specific programming language. These words are reserved by the language and cannot be used for any other purpose, such as variable names or function names. They are typically used to define the syntax and structure of the language, and using them for any other purpose would result in a syntax error. Examples of reserved words in programming languages include "if", "while", "for", "int", "float", etc. These words are essential for writing code that follows the rules and conventions of the language.
47.
What is an iterative primitive solution?
Correct Answer
C. Code structured for repetitive execution
Explanation
An iterative primitive solution refers to a code structure that is designed for repetitive execution. It involves using loops or iterations to perform a certain set of instructions repeatedly until a specific condition is met. This approach allows for efficient processing of tasks that require repetitive actions, as it eliminates the need for writing the same code multiple times. By structuring the code in this way, it becomes easier to manage and maintain, leading to more efficient and scalable solutions.
48.
Data items arranged in the order in which they were stored and the same manner that they will be addressed describes the use of a/an
Correct Answer
B. Ordered list
Explanation
An ordered list is a data structure in which the data items are arranged in the order they were stored and will be addressed. This means that the elements are stored sequentially and accessed in a specific order. Unlike a linked list, an ordered list does not require any pointers or references to connect the elements. It provides efficient searching and retrieval of elements based on their position in the list. Therefore, an ordered list is the most suitable choice for the given description.
49.
A tree sturcutre is best used to display database records that have what type of fields?
Correct Answer
A. Repetitive
Explanation
A tree structure is best used to display database records that have repetitive fields. This is because a tree structure allows for efficient organization and retrieval of data that has repetitive patterns. Each node in the tree represents a record, and the branches represent the repetitive fields within that record. This allows for easy navigation and searching of the database, especially when there are multiple occurrences of the same field value.
50.
Another structure name for a network is
Correct Answer
A. Plex