1.
New Media is a term that refers to:
Correct Answer
A. Digital or computer based technology
Explanation
New Media is a term that refers to digital or computer-based technology. This includes any form of media that is created, distributed, and accessed through digital platforms such as the internet, social media, mobile devices, and computer software. This definition encompasses various forms of media including websites, blogs, podcasts, online videos, social networking sites, and digital art. New Media has revolutionized the way information is shared, consumed, and interacted with, allowing for greater accessibility, interactivity, and customization.
2.
Digital media can be reproduced exactly every time because they are reproductions themselves.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Digital media, such as images, videos, and audio files, are created and stored as digital files. These files can be copied and reproduced without any loss in quality or fidelity. This is because digital media is made up of binary code, which can be easily replicated and transmitted. Unlike analog media, which can degrade over time or during duplication, digital media remains unchanged and can be reproduced exactly every time. Therefore, the statement that digital media can be reproduced exactly every time because they are reproductions themselves is true.
3.
New media affects which of the following stages of production?
Select all the correct answers.
Correct Answer(s)
A. Pre production
B. Production
C. Post production
D. Distribution
E. Consumption
Explanation
New media affects all stages of production - pre-production, production, post-production, distribution, and consumption. In pre-production, new media allows for easier research, planning, and collaboration. During production, new media tools and techniques can be used for filming, editing, and special effects. In post-production, new media enables advanced editing, sound mixing, and visual effects. Distribution of media has been greatly impacted by new platforms and technologies, allowing for wider reach and accessibility. Finally, consumption of media has been transformed by new media, with audiences now able to access and engage with content in various ways through digital platforms.
4.
New media technologies can affect the quality of productions because:
Correct Answer
D. All of the above
Explanation
New media technologies can affect the quality of productions because all of the above options are true. Media producers, distributors, and consumers can all make exact copies of the product. This can lead to issues such as piracy, unauthorized distribution, and loss of control over the quality of the content. It can also impact the revenue and profitability of media creators and distributors.
5.
New media technologies can affect the proliferation of media products because:
Correct Answer
A. New media texts and forms can be easily created and reproduced
Explanation
New media technologies allow for the easy creation and reproduction of media texts and forms. This means that individuals and organizations can easily produce and distribute their own media products, leading to a greater proliferation of media in various forms. Additionally, these technologies enable interaction between media producers, distributors, and audiences, allowing for feedback, collaboration, and customization. Furthermore, new media forms and texts often converge and combine to create innovative and new forms of media. Therefore, all of the above statements contribute to the impact of new media technologies on the proliferation of media products.
6.
New media technologies can affect the convergence of media products because:
Correct Answer
A. Media texts and forms converge to create new texts and forms
Explanation
New media technologies can affect the convergence of media products because media texts and forms converge to create new texts and forms. This means that different types of media, such as print, audio, and video, can come together to create new and innovative forms of media. This convergence allows for the blending of different media elements and the creation of new ways to communicate and share information. It also allows for the integration of traditional and digital media formats, leading to the development of new media products and experiences.
7.
The 'digital divide' refers to:
Select all the correct answers.
Correct Answer(s)
A. The contrast between information rich and information poor audiences
C. Not everyone having the same access to technology and information
Explanation
The 'digital divide' refers to the contrast between information rich and information poor audiences, as well as the fact that not everyone has the same access to technology and information. It is not specifically about people who were born in the 'digital' age or people who argue about the safety of the Internet.
8.
A 'digital native' is:
Correct Answer
A. A person born after the introduction of digital technology
Explanation
A 'digital native' refers to a person who was born after the introduction of digital technology. This means that they have grown up in a world where digital devices and technologies are prevalent and have become an integral part of their lives. Being exposed to digital technology from an early age, digital natives tend to have a higher level of familiarity and comfort with using digital devices and navigating the digital world compared to those who were born before the introduction of digital technology.
9.
A digital immigrant is:
Correct Answer
B. A person born before the introduction of digital technology
Explanation
A digital immigrant is a person who was born before the introduction of digital technology. This term is used to describe individuals who have had to adapt to and learn about digital technology later in life. They may have had limited exposure to digital technology during their formative years and may find it more challenging to navigate and understand digital devices and platforms compared to those who were born after the introduction of digital technology.
10.
A digital native is a person who is born before the Internet, for whom the language, metaphors and online communication had to be learnt.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement is false because a digital native is a person who is born after the advent of the Internet and has grown up using digital technology from a young age. They are considered to have a natural familiarity and understanding of technology and online communication, without the need for extensive learning or adaptation.
11.
The definition of ‘medium’ is:
Correct Answer
C. A means or instrument for storing or communication information
Explanation
The definition of 'medium' refers to a means or instrument that is used for storing or communicating information. It can include various forms of technology such as film, television, and mobile phones. Additionally, 'medium' can also refer to a specific media product like Despicable Me, Modern Family, or Instagram. The term 'medium' can also be used in a French context to mean 'type' and is used to categorize texts.
12.
The definition of ‘media form’ is:
Correct Answer
B. Categories of media based on the technology used to create and distribute them – for example: film, television, mobile pHones
Explanation
The definition of 'media form' refers to the categories of media based on the technology used to create and distribute them. This includes various forms such as film, television, and mobile phones. It does not refer to a specific media product or a means of storing or communicating information. Additionally, it is not a French term meaning 'type', nor is it used to describe the way we categorize texts.
13.
The definition of ‘media text’ is:
Correct Answer
B. A particular media product – for example: Despicable Me, Modern Family, Instagram
Explanation
The definition of 'media text' refers to a specific media product such as Despicable Me, Modern Family, or Instagram. It does not encompass categories of media based on technology, means of storing or communicating information, or a French term for 'type' used to categorize texts.
14.
The definition of ‘genre’ is:
Correct Answer
D. A French term meaning ‘type’. A term used to describe the way we catagorise texts
Explanation
The correct answer is "A French term meaning ‘type’. A term used to describe the way we categorize texts." This answer accurately describes the definition of "genre" as a French term that refers to the categorization or classification of texts based on their type or characteristics. It implies that genre is a way to organize and classify different types of texts, allowing for easier understanding and analysis.
15.
A 'target audience' is:
Correct Answer
A. The audience or market the producers of a media product have in mind when they create and promote a product
Explanation
The correct answer is "A 'target audience' is the audience or market the producers of a media product have in mind when they create and promote a product." This means that when creating and promoting a media product, producers have a specific group of people in mind that they are trying to reach and appeal to. They consider the preferences, interests, and demographics of this target audience in order to tailor the product to their needs and interests.
16.
The definition of ‘character’ is:
Correct Answer
D. A person or entity that exists in a media text
Explanation
The correct answer is "A person or entity that exists in a media text." This definition accurately describes a character as a fictional creation within a media text, such as a film, book, or television show. Characters can be human, animal, or even inanimate objects, and they play a crucial role in advancing the story and engaging the audience.
17.
The definition of ‘actor’ is:
Correct Answer
B. The real life person who pretends to be the character in a film.
Explanation
The correct answer is "The real life person who pretends to be the character in a film." This definition accurately describes the role of an actor in the context of film. Actors are individuals who portray characters in movies, assuming their roles and bringing them to life through their performance. They use their acting skills to pretend to be someone else, effectively embodying the character and conveying their emotions, thoughts, and actions to the audience. This definition distinguishes actors from other possibilities mentioned, such as a specific person or entity within a text or a location within a text.
18.
The definition of ‘narrative’ is:
Correct Answer
A. A chain of events in cause and effect occurring in space and time
Explanation
The correct answer is "A chain of events in cause and effect occurring in space and time." This definition of "narrative" refers to the sequence of events that unfold in a story, where each event is connected to the previous one and has a cause and effect relationship. It emphasizes the chronological and logical progression of events in a story, highlighting the interconnectedness of different elements within the narrative. This definition helps to distinguish narrative from other possible interpretations such as the main story, the formatted written text of a film, or a series of drawings and written directions representing all shots in a film.
19.
The definition of ‘plot’ is:
Correct Answer
D. The main story
Explanation
The definition of 'plot' refers to the main story of a literary work or a film. It encompasses the sequence of events that occur in a cause and effect manner, unfolding in both space and time. The plot is the central narrative that drives the story forward, involving the development of characters, conflicts, and resolutions. It is distinct from the other options provided, such as the formatted written text of a film or a series of drawings and directions representing shots, as these pertain more specifically to the technical aspects of filmmaking rather than the overall story.
20.
The definition of ‘script’ is:
Correct Answer
A. The formatted written text of a film
Explanation
The correct answer is "The formatted written text of a film." This definition refers to the script of a film, which includes all the dialogue, actions, and descriptions that are written out before the film is produced. The script serves as a blueprint for the film and guides the actors, directors, and other crew members in bringing the story to life on screen.
21.
The definition of ‘storyboard’ is:
Correct Answer
C. A series of drawings and written directions representing all shots in a film
Explanation
The correct answer is "A series of drawings and written directions representing all shots in a film." This definition accurately describes a storyboard, which is a visual representation of the shots and scenes in a film. It helps filmmakers plan and organize their shots, camera angles, and sequences before actually filming them. The storyboard typically includes sketches or illustrations of each shot, along with written directions or notes that explain the action, dialogue, and camera movements.
22.
Editing is best described as:
Correct Answer
C. Combining shots, sound and vision – mixed, rearranged and cut together to create a final product
23.
Denotation is:
Correct Answer
B. The simple description of what can be seen or heard
Explanation
The given answer correctly defines denotation as the simple description of what can be seen or heard. Denotation refers to the literal or dictionary definition of a word or the basic meaning of an image or sound. It is the objective and straightforward representation of something without any additional connotations or implied meanings.
24.
Connotation is:
Correct Answer
A. The meaning that words, images and sounds suggest beyond the literal description
Explanation
Connotation refers to the additional meanings and associations that words, images, and sounds evoke beyond their literal or dictionary definitions. It encompasses the emotions, attitudes, and cultural associations that are attached to a particular word or symbol. Connotation adds depth and nuance to communication, allowing for subtle shades of meaning and creating a richer understanding of language and art.
25.
The three essential elements for a narrative story are:
Correct Answer
B. Audience, purpose, structure
Explanation
In order for a narrative story to be effective, it must have three essential elements: audience, purpose, and structure. The audience refers to the intended readers or listeners of the story, as their interests and preferences will shape the content and style. The purpose is the reason behind telling the story, whether it is to entertain, inform, or persuade. Lastly, the structure refers to the organization and arrangement of the story, including the plot, characters, and events, which helps to create a coherent and engaging narrative.
26.
Purpose (in the narrative) is very important when creating your own stories.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Purpose is indeed very important when creating narratives. The purpose of a story helps to guide the plot, develop the characters, and engage the audience. Without a clear purpose, a story may lack direction and fail to resonate with readers. By establishing a purpose, authors can effectively convey their intended message and create a meaningful and impactful narrative.
27.
Choose the word that best fills the blank in the following sentence.
The structure of a story is dependent on the _________ that delivers it.
Correct Answer
C. Medium
Explanation
The structure of a story is dependent on the medium that delivers it. The medium refers to the form or channel through which the story is conveyed, such as a book, film, or play. Different mediums have their own unique characteristics and limitations, which influence the way the story is structured and presented. For example, a novel may allow for more detailed descriptions and internal thoughts of characters, while a film may rely more on visual and auditory elements to convey the story. Therefore, the medium chosen to deliver a story plays a crucial role in determining its structure.
28.
An audience always brings expectations with them. These are mostly based on:
Correct Answer
A. Previous experience
Explanation
The correct answer is "Previous experience." This is because when an audience attends a performance or event, they often have certain expectations based on their past experiences. These experiences can shape their preferences, tastes, and opinions about what they are about to witness. For example, if they have previously seen similar shows or performances, they may have certain expectations about the quality, style, or content. Therefore, previous experience plays a significant role in shaping the audience's expectations.
29.
Audience expectations may be about:
Select all the correct answers.
Correct Answer(s)
A. Genre
C. Actors
E. Directors
Explanation
Audience expectations are influenced by the genre of a film, as different genres have different conventions and audience preferences. The actors involved in a film can also shape audience expectations, as certain actors have a dedicated fan base or are known for specific types of roles. Directors can also play a role in audience expectations, as their previous work or reputation can create anticipation or certain expectations for their films. Therefore, the correct answers are Genre, Actors, and Directors.
30.
The classic Noir film that we studied in class was:
Correct Answer
D. Double Indemnity (1944)
Explanation
The correct answer is Double Indemnity (1944). This film is considered a classic Noir film because it embodies the characteristics of the genre, such as a morally ambiguous protagonist, a femme fatale, and a dark and atmospheric visual style. It tells the story of an insurance salesman who gets involved in a murder plot with a woman who wants to kill her husband for the insurance money. The film explores themes of greed, betrayal, and the consequences of immoral actions, which are common in Noir films.
31.
Film Noir was most popular in which decade:
Correct Answer
B. 1940s
Explanation
Film Noir was most popular in the 1940s because this was the decade when the genre reached its peak in Hollywood. Film Noir is characterized by its dark and moody visual style, complex and morally ambiguous characters, and themes of crime, corruption, and betrayal. The 1940s saw the release of iconic Film Noir classics such as "Double Indemnity" (1944), "The Maltese Falcon" (1941), and "The Big Sleep" (1946), which helped establish the genre's popularity and influence in the film industry.
32.
Noir films were traditionally shot is which film format:
Correct Answer
A. Black and White
Explanation
Noir films were traditionally shot in black and white because this film format effectively conveyed the dark and moody atmosphere that is characteristic of the genre. The absence of color heightened the contrast and shadows, creating a visually striking aesthetic that enhanced the mysterious and suspenseful nature of the narratives. The monochromatic palette also allowed filmmakers to focus on the interplay of light and shadow, emphasizing the moral ambiguity and moral darkness often explored in noir films.
33.
The popular female stereotype that stars in leading roles in Film Noir narratives is:
Correct Answer
C. Femme Fatale
Explanation
The correct answer is Femme Fatale because in Film Noir narratives, the female characters often play the role of seductive and dangerous women who manipulate and deceive the male protagonist. The Femme Fatale is typically portrayed as mysterious, cunning, and sexually alluring, using her charm to manipulate men for her own gain. This archetype is a key element in Film Noir, adding tension and complexity to the storyline.
34.
Complete this sentence: New media technologies that make it easier to copy music, films, and television programs, are challenging traditional.
Write your answer in all lower case. Do not include the word 'and' and leave only a single space between words. Spelling must be accurate.
Correct Answer
copyright laws
Explanation
New media technologies that make it easier to copy music, films, and television programs are challenging traditional copyright laws. These technologies have made it simpler for individuals to reproduce and distribute copyrighted content without permission or payment. This poses a significant challenge to the existing copyright laws, which were primarily designed for traditional forms of media distribution. The ease of copying and sharing content online has led to widespread piracy and copyright infringement, necessitating the need for updated and more robust copyright laws to protect the rights of creators and copyright holders.
35.
Fill the blanks: New media technologies can have both _______ and _______ effects on audiences.
Write your answer in all lower case. Do not include the word 'and' and leave only a single space between words. Spelling must be accurate.
Correct Answer
positive negative
negative positive
Explanation
New media technologies can have both positive and negative effects on audiences. These technologies can provide access to a vast amount of information, facilitate communication and collaboration, and offer new forms of entertainment and self-expression, which are all positive effects. However, they can also lead to information overload, decreased face-to-face interaction, privacy concerns, and addiction, which are negative effects. Overall, the impact of new media technologies on audiences is a combination of both positive and negative outcomes.
36.
'Representation' in Media means words, images, sounds, or stories that stand for something else such as ideas, groups, people, places, emotions, or things.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Representation in media refers to the use of words, images, sounds, or stories to symbolize or depict ideas, groups, people, places, emotions, or things. It involves the portrayal or depiction of these elements in a way that represents or stands for something else. This can include the use of stereotypes, archetypes, or symbolic imagery to convey meaning or communicate messages. Therefore, the given statement that representation in media means words, images, sounds, or stories that stand for something else is true.
37.
The elements used to construct representations are recognisable from:
Correct Answer
B. Our daily lives and experience
Explanation
The correct answer is "Our daily lives and experience" because representations are constructed based on the things we encounter and are familiar with in our everyday lives. These elements can include objects, events, situations, and people that we interact with or observe regularly. By drawing from our own experiences, we can create representations that are relatable and meaningful to others.
38.
Representations gradually naturalise: that is, they come to be seen as normal. Media creators do this by using well know and recognised ____________ and ________________.
Write the two missing words using all lower case and leave only a single space between the words. The spelling must be correct.
Correct Answer
codes conventions
conventions codes
Explanation
Media creators gradually naturalize representations by using well-known and recognized codes and conventions. These codes and conventions refer to the established and widely accepted systems of symbols, signs, and practices that are commonly understood by audiences. By employing these codes and conventions, media creators make their representations more familiar and relatable to the audience, thereby normalizing them and making them appear as a standard part of the media landscape.
39.
The definition of code is:
Correct Answer
D. The signs that communicate meaning
Explanation
The correct answer is "The signs that communicate meaning." This definition of code aligns with the understanding that codes are systems of signs that convey meaning. Codes can be verbal or non-verbal, and they are used to communicate messages within various contexts and media forms. By understanding the signs and symbols used in a particular code, individuals can interpret and understand the intended meaning behind the communication.
40.
The definition of the convention is:
Correct Answer
A. The ways in which signs are combined that are particular to media forms or text types
Explanation
The correct answer is "The ways in which signs are combined that are particular to media forms or text types." This definition refers to the concept of conventions, which are the established practices or rules for representing and communicating meaning in specific media forms or text types. Conventions can include things like camera angles and shots in film, font styles and layouts in print media, or grammar and structure in written texts. By understanding and following these conventions, creators can effectively convey their intended messages to their audiences.
41.
The definition of stereotype is:
Correct Answer
B. An oversimplified representation of a person, group, place or idea that has been repeated so often that it appears natural
Explanation
The correct answer defines stereotype as an oversimplified representation of a person, group, place, or idea that has been repeated so often that it appears natural. This definition highlights the idea that stereotypes are simplified and often inaccurate generalizations that are widely perpetuated in society. The repetition of these stereotypes over time leads to their acceptance as natural or true, despite lacking nuance or individuality. Stereotypes can be harmful as they can perpetuate biases, discrimination, and unfair treatment towards individuals or groups based on these oversimplified representations.
42.
The definition of countertype is:
Correct Answer
A. A positive stereotype, a reverse stereotype
Explanation
The correct answer is "A positive stereotype, a reverse stereotype". This definition refers to the concept of countertype, which is a representation that challenges or subverts traditional stereotypes. It includes both positive stereotypes, which are exaggerated but favorable representations, and reverse stereotypes, which are unexpected or unconventional portrayals. This definition highlights the role of countertype in breaking away from conventional and repetitive depictions, presenting alternative perspectives and promoting diversity in media and text.
43.
Which of the following is a film character stereotype:
Correct Answer
H. All of the above
Explanation
All of the options listed in the question are examples of film character stereotypes. A femme fatale is a seductive and manipulative woman, a cat lady is a single woman who owns many cats, a geek/nerd is typically portrayed as socially awkward and highly intelligent, a crazy scientist is a character who is obsessed with their experiments, a blonde bimbo is a stereotypically dumb and attractive woman, a bad boy/rebel is a rebellious and rule-breaking character, and a jock is a stereotypical athletic and popular character. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above."
44.
A countertype character is often described as a:
Correct Answer
B. Token character
Explanation
A countertype character is often described as a token character because they represent a specific group or archetype within a larger narrative. These characters are used to symbolize certain ideas, themes, or social issues, and they often have exaggerated traits or behaviors that make them easily recognizable. By using countertype characters, authors can explore different perspectives and challenge societal norms or expectations.
45.
Conventions are patterns of construction that are common to each medium or type of media production. Conventions are the 'rules' that a genre should follow. Which of the following is NOT an example of a genre-based convention?
Correct Answer
E. None of the above
Explanation
The given options are all examples of genre-based conventions. They represent common patterns or themes found in specific genres. The first option represents a common convention in horror films, where a character investigates a scary noise. The second option represents a convention in superhero movies, where the hero faces off against their ultimate enemy. The third option represents a convention in film noir, where a femme fatale manipulates her lover into committing a crime. The fourth option represents a convention in science fiction, where an alien threat puts Earth in danger and a hero must save it. Therefore, none of the options is an example of a genre-based convention.
46.
All media texts are constructed. Important decisions are made about how subjects will be represented including such things as lighting, camera angle, visual composition, etc. As a result, media texts often reflect the __________ and __________ of those who create them.
Correct Answer
A. Views and values
Explanation
Media texts are constructed with careful consideration of how subjects will be represented. This includes decisions about lighting, camera angle, and visual composition. As a result, media texts often reflect the views and values of those who create them. This means that the creators' perspectives, beliefs, and opinions are embedded in the media texts, influencing the way they portray certain subjects or issues.
47.
Which of the following are the six 'principles of media representation'
Select all the correct answers
Correct Answer(s)
A. The media produces meaning using media codes and conventions to construct a text
B. Each media form has its own codes and conventions
C. Media forms borrow codes and conventions from each other and from society
E. Audiences create meaning by reading, interpreting and understanding the codes and conventions in texts
F. Media codes and conventions have a history, they develop and change over time
G. Conventions are not natural but cultural and are specific to particular cultures although globalisation of media production and distribution means that they are increasingly universally understood
Explanation
The answer includes all the correct principles of media representation. These principles explain how the media creates meaning through the use of codes and conventions, how different media forms have their own unique codes and conventions, how media forms borrow from each other and society, how audiences interpret and understand these codes and conventions to create meaning, how codes and conventions evolve over time, and how conventions are cultural and specific to particular cultures but are becoming more universally understood due to globalization of media production and distribution.
48.
Representations are neutral.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
This statement is false because representations are not inherently neutral. Representations can be influenced by various factors such as cultural biases, personal perspectives, and power dynamics. These factors can shape the way information is portrayed and interpreted, leading to potential biases or distortions in the representation. Therefore, it is important to critically analyze and question representations to understand their underlying biases and perspectives.
49.
Representations reflect the values of the people and society which produces them.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
This statement suggests that the representations, such as art, literature, or media, are a reflection of the beliefs, attitudes, and values held by the individuals and the society that creates them. In other words, these representations are influenced by the cultural, social, and historical context in which they are produced. This implies that the ideas and perspectives portrayed in these representations are not objective or universal truths, but rather subjective interpretations shaped by the society's values and norms.
50.
The media in general (and advertising in particular) has often been accused of perpetuating stereotypical gender roles. Many media representation of women falls into two categories. They are:
Correct Answer
C. Housewives or sex kittens
Explanation
The given answer suggests that the media often portrays women in stereotypical roles, either as housewives or as overly sexualized objects. These portrayals limit the representation of women to these narrow categories, reinforcing traditional gender roles and objectifying women. By depicting women primarily as either domestic caretakers or sexual objects, the media perpetuates harmful stereotypes and fails to represent the diverse range of roles and identities that women can have.