Ob/GYN Class- Internal Female Pelvic Anatomy Pt 2

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Ob/GYN Class- Internal Female Pelvic Anatomy Pt 2 - Quiz

Questions and Answers
  • 1. 

    The _____________ ______________ are paired, coiled muscular tubes that extend from the cornua of the uterus into the peritoneal cavity.

    Explanation
    The fallopian tubes are paired, coiled muscular tubes that extend from the cornua of the uterus into the peritoneal cavity. They serve as the pathway for eggs to travel from the ovaries to the uterus. Fertilization of the egg by sperm typically occurs within the fallopian tubes before the fertilized egg implants in the uterus.

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  • 2. 

    What are the two other names for fallopian tubes?

    Explanation
    The fallopian tubes are also known as oviducts and salpines. Another term for fallopian tubes is salpinx.

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  • 3. 

    The function of the fallopian tubes is to _____________ the ovum from the ______________ to the _____________

    Explanation
    The fallopian tubes serve the purpose of transporting the ovum from the ovary to the uterus. They provide a pathway for the egg to travel after it is released from the ovary during ovulation. The fallopian tubes have small hair-like structures called cilia that help move the egg towards the uterus. Once fertilization occurs, the fallopian tubes also provide a suitable environment for the fertilized egg to implant in the uterus for pregnancy to begin.

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  • 4. 

    The fallopian tube is lined with __________, which are essential to the movement of the egg through the tube into the uterus

    Explanation
    The fallopian tube is lined with cilia, which are tiny hair-like structures. These cilia play a crucial role in the movement of the egg through the fallopian tube towards the uterus. The coordinated beating of the cilia helps to create a current that propels the egg forward, allowing it to reach the uterus where it can potentially be fertilized. Without the presence of cilia, the egg would have difficulty navigating through the fallopian tube, hindering the chances of successful fertilization and pregnancy.

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  • 5. 

    True or false- if the cilia in the fallopian tube are damaged, the egg will still get pushed along normally

    Explanation
    if the cilia in the fallopian tube are damaged the egg may NOT get pushed along normally

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  • 6. 

    Name three things that can damage the fallopian tubes

    Explanation
    Infection, endometriosis, and scar tissue are all factors that can damage the fallopian tubes. Infections, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), can cause inflammation and scarring in the tubes, leading to blockages and impairing the movement of eggs. Endometriosis, a condition where the tissue lining the uterus grows outside of it, can also affect the fallopian tubes, causing adhesions and blockages. Scar tissue, which can result from surgeries, infections, or trauma, can also lead to tubal damage and blockages, preventing the eggs from reaching the uterus and increasing the risk of infertility.

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  • 7. 

    The fallopian tubes have three layers; an outer _________ layer, a middle ___________ layer, and an inner ____________ layer which contains ___________

    Explanation
    The fallopian tubes are composed of three layers. The outer layer is called the serosal layer, which provides protection and support to the tubes. The middle layer is the muscular layer, which helps in the movement of the eggs through the tubes. The inner layer is the mucosa layer, which contains specialized cells called cilia. These cilia help in the movement of the eggs by creating a wave-like motion, pushing them towards the uterus.

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  • 8. 

    What are the four divisions of the fallopian tube?

    Explanation
    The four divisions of the fallopian tube are interstitial, isthmus, ampulla, and infundibulum. The interstitial part is the narrowest and connects to the uterus. The isthmus is the next segment, followed by the wider ampulla. The infundibulum is the funnel-shaped end of the fallopian tube that has finger-like projections called fimbriae. These divisions play a crucial role in the transportation of the egg from the ovary to the uterus and are essential for fertilization to occur.

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  • 9. 

    This part of the fallopian tube is the narrowest portion that is enclosed within the uterine wall.

    Explanation
    The correct answer is "interstitial" because it refers to the part of the fallopian tube that is located within the uterine wall and is the narrowest portion.

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  • 10. 

    Another name for the interstitial part of the fallopian tube is>>>

    Explanation
    The correct answer is "intramural." The interstitial part of the fallopian tube is called intramural. This section of the fallopian tube is located within the wall of the uterus. It is the shortest segment of the fallopian tube and connects the isthmus to the uterine cavity.

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  • 11. 

    This part of the fallopian tube is the short, straight, narrow portion

    Explanation
    The isthmus refers to the short, straight, and narrow portion of the fallopian tube. It is the segment that connects the ampulla, which is the wider and more curved part of the tube, to the uterine cavity. The isthmus serves as a crucial site for fertilization and the transportation of the fertilized egg towards the uterus.

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  • 12. 

    This part of the fallopian tube is the longest portion, most tortuous (twisty) portion and terminates in the trumpet shaped infundibulum. Fertilization usually takes place here.

    Explanation
    The ampulla is the correct answer because it is the longest and most tortuous portion of the fallopian tube, and it terminates in the trumpet-shaped infundibulum. This is the ideal location for fertilization to occur because it provides a spacious environment for the sperm and egg to meet.

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  • 13. 

    This part of the fallopian tube is the most lateral portion with a funnel shaped opening.

    Explanation
    The infundibulum is the most lateral portion of the fallopian tube with a funnel-shaped opening. It is located closest to the ovary and serves as the entry point for the released egg during ovulation. The funnel shape of the infundibulum helps to guide the egg into the fallopian tube for fertilization.

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  • 14. 

    The infundibulum has numerous fingerlike projections called...

    Explanation
    The infundibulum is a part of the female reproductive system, specifically the fallopian tubes. It is responsible for capturing the released egg from the ovary. The fingerlike projections on the infundibulum are called fimbriae. These fimbriae help in the movement of the egg towards the fallopian tube and aid in its fertilization by the sperm.

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  • 15. 

    The fallopian tube terminates at the fimbriated end of the infundibulum and opens into the ___________ ___________, adjacent to the ovary.

    Explanation
    The fallopian tube ends at the fimbriated end of the infundibulum and opens into the peritoneal cavity, which is located adjacent to the ovary. This means that the fallopian tube is connected to the peritoneal cavity, allowing for the passage of eggs from the ovary into the tube for fertilization.

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  • 16. 

    The total length of the fallopian tubes in adults is ___(#) - ___(#) cm.

    Explanation
    The total length of the fallopian tubes in adults can vary between 7 and 14 centimeters.

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  • 17. 

    The tubal lumen _________ as it moves away from the uterus.

    Explanation
    As the tubal lumen moves away from the uterus, it widens. This means that the inner space of the fallopian tube becomes larger in diameter. This widening is important for the movement of the egg from the ovary to the uterus, as it allows for easier passage through the fallopian tube.

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  • 18. 

    The ____________ portion of the fallopian tubes is the narrowest portion measuring ___(#) mm

    Explanation
    The interstitial portion of the fallopian tubes is the narrowest portion, measuring 1 mm.

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  • 19. 

    The ____________ of the fallopian tubes is the widest portion measuring ____(#) mm

    Explanation
    The ampulla is the widest portion of the fallopian tubes, measuring 6 mm.

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  • 20. 

    Sonographically, the fallopian tubes are ________ seen except when distended with fluid

    • A.

      Often

    • B.

      Rarely

    • C.

      Never

    • D.

      Always

    Correct Answer
    B. Rarely
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "rarely" because the fallopian tubes are not typically visible on a sonogram unless they are filled with fluid. This is because the fallopian tubes are small and narrow structures that are not easily visualized on ultrasound imaging.

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  • 21. 

    The interstitial part of the fallopian tubes may be seen in the _________ scanning plane

    • A.

      Sagittal

    • B.

      Transverse

    • C.

      Coronal

    • D.

      None of the above

    Correct Answer
    B. Transverse
    Explanation
    The interstitial part of the fallopian tubes may be seen in the transverse scanning plane. The transverse scanning plane refers to a cross-sectional view of the body, where the imaging probe or device is positioned perpendicular to the long axis of the fallopian tubes. This allows for a clear visualization of the interstitial part, which is the segment of the fallopian tubes that extends from the uterine wall to the ampulla. The sagittal and coronal planes would not provide the same level of detail or visibility of the interstitial part. Therefore, the correct answer is transverse.

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  • 22. 

    When a fertilized ovum implants in any area outside the endometrial cavity it is called...

    Correct Answer
    ectopic pregnancy
    Explanation
    When a fertilized egg implants anywhere other than the uterus, it is known as an ectopic pregnancy. This can occur in various locations such as the fallopian tubes, cervix, or even the abdomen. Ectopic pregnancies are not viable and can be life-threatening for the mother if not detected and treated promptly.

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  • 23. 

    _____(#) % of ectopic gestations occur in the fallopian tubes

    Correct Answer
    97
  • 24. 

    Name two non-tubal sites for an ectopic pregnancy

    Correct Answer
    ovaries, abdomen
    Explanation
    An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus. The fallopian tubes are the most common site for an ectopic pregnancy, but it can also occur in other locations. The ovaries are one possible non-tubal site for an ectopic pregnancy. In this case, the fertilized egg implants directly on the surface of the ovary. The abdomen is another non-tubal site where an ectopic pregnancy can occur. In this situation, the fertilized egg implants on the peritoneal lining in the abdominal cavity. These non-tubal ectopic pregnancies are less common than tubal ectopic pregnancies but can still pose serious risks to the mother.

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  • 25. 

    ____(#) - ____(#) % of women have repeat ectopics due to tubal scarring. This increases up to ____(#)% after two ectopics

    Correct Answer
    10, 16, 30
    Explanation
    The given answer indicates the percentages of women who have repeat ectopics due to tubal scarring. Initially, 10% of women experience repeat ectopics. This percentage increases to 16% after two ectopics, and further increases to 30%. This suggests that the risk of repeat ectopics due to tubal scarring progressively rises with the number of previous ectopic pregnancies a woman has had.

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  • 26. 

    The most common site for an ectopic pregnancy is the _________ of the fallopian tube

    Correct Answer
    ampulla
    Explanation
    The ampulla is the most common site for an ectopic pregnancy in the fallopian tube. This is because the ampulla is the widest and most distal part of the fallopian tube, providing an ideal environment for the fertilized egg to implant and develop. The ampulla has a rich blood supply and is lined with ciliated cells that help transport the fertilized egg towards the uterus. However, if the fertilized egg implants in the ampulla instead of the uterus, it can lead to an ectopic pregnancy.

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  • 27. 

    What are three symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy?

    Correct Answer
    pain, bleeding, pelvic mass
    Explanation
    Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants itself outside the uterus, typically in the fallopian tube. This abnormal implantation can cause various symptoms. Pain is a common symptom, usually felt on one side of the abdomen or pelvis. Bleeding may occur, often heavier or different from regular menstrual bleeding. A pelvic mass can also be present, which is a result of the growing pregnancy outside the uterus. These three symptoms, pain, bleeding, and pelvic mass, are indicative of an ectopic pregnancy and should be promptly evaluated by a healthcare professional.

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  • 28. 

    A ___________ pregnancy is the most dangerous because it is surrounded by myometrium, which allows for greater growth compared to the thin walls of the tube.

    Correct Answer
    cornual
    Explanation
    A cornual pregnancy is the most dangerous because it occurs in the cornua, which is the area where the fallopian tube meets the uterus. This type of pregnancy is surrounded by myometrium, the muscular layer of the uterus, which allows for greater growth compared to the thin walls of the fallopian tube. This can lead to complications such as rupture of the cornual pregnancy, which can result in severe bleeding and endanger the life of the mother.

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  • 29. 

    Maternal veins lie ___________ to the cornua which may  cause massive hemorrhaging from late ectopic rupture

    Correct Answer
    adjacent
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "adjacent." Maternal veins lying adjacent to the cornua can cause massive hemorrhaging from late ectopic rupture. This means that when the maternal veins are located close to the cornua, there is a higher risk of severe bleeding if there is a rupture in a later stage of an ectopic pregnancy.

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  • 30. 

    This is the simultaneous intrauterine and extrauterine implantation. It is rare but increasing in number due to the increase in infertility treatments.

    Correct Answer
    heterotopic pregnancy
    Explanation
    Heterotopic pregnancy refers to the occurrence of simultaneous intrauterine and extrauterine implantation, where a woman is pregnant with both an embryo implanted in the uterus and another implanted outside the uterus, typically in the fallopian tube. This condition is considered rare but has been on the rise due to the increased use of infertility treatments, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF). The embryo in the uterus may continue to develop normally, while the extrauterine pregnancy usually requires medical intervention or surgery to prevent complications.

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  • 31. 

    These are paired almond shaped organs that lie on the posterior segment of the broad ligament.

    Correct Answer
    ovaries
    Explanation
    The given statement describes the location and shape of the organs, which are almond-shaped and located on the posterior segment of the broad ligament. The only organs that fit this description are the ovaries. The ovaries are paired organs in the female reproductive system that produce eggs and hormones.

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  • 32. 

    The surface of the ovary is not covered by the peritoneum, but by a single layer of ___________

    Correct Answer
    epithelium
    Explanation
    The surface of the ovary is not covered by the peritoneum, but by a single layer of epithelium. Epithelium is a type of tissue that covers the external and internal surfaces of organs and lines body cavities. In the case of the ovary, the epithelium forms a protective layer on its surface. This layer of epithelium helps to maintain the integrity and function of the ovary by providing a barrier against potential damage or infection.

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  • 33. 

    The position of the ovaries vary but typically, they lie _______________ to the uterus within the _____________

    Correct Answer
    posterolateral, adnexa
    Explanation
    The ovaries are positioned in the body in a variable manner, but typically they are located posterolateral to the uterus within the adnexa. The term "posterolateral" indicates that the ovaries are positioned towards the back and sides of the uterus, while "adnexa" refers to the area near the uterus where the ovaries are found.

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  • 34. 

    The ___________ of the ovary is the central portion containing loose connective tissue, vessels and nerves.

    Correct Answer
    medulla
    Explanation
    The medulla of the ovary refers to the central portion that contains loose connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves. This region plays a crucial role in providing support and nourishment to the ovarian follicles. Additionally, the medulla also houses the ovarian blood supply and lymphatic vessels.

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  • 35. 

    The ___________ of the ovary is made up of dense connective tissue and ovarian follicles

    Correct Answer
    cortex
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "cortex". The cortex of the ovary is composed of dense connective tissue and ovarian follicles. This region of the ovary is responsible for the production and maturation of eggs, as well as the secretion of hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. The dense connective tissue provides structural support to the ovary, while the ovarian follicles contain the developing eggs.

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  • 36. 

    The ___________ _____________ of the ovary is tough, white fibrous connective tissue. It is not seen on ultrasound.

    Correct Answer
    tunica albuginea
    Explanation
    The tough, white fibrous connective tissue surrounding the ovary is called the tunica albuginea. This structure is not visible on ultrasound imaging.

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  • 37. 

    The ___________ is located at the attachment of the ovary to the mesovarium. This is the point of entrance for blood vessels and nerves

    Correct Answer
    hilum
    Explanation
    The hilum is a depression or slit-like opening located at the attachment of the ovary to the mesovarium. It serves as the point of entrance for blood vessels and nerves into the ovary.

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  • 38. 

    During menstruating years, ovarian size is approximately ___(#) - ___(#) cm in length

    Correct Answer
    2.5, 5
    Explanation
    During menstruating years, the size of the ovaries is approximately 2.5 to 5 centimeters in length. This range is considered normal for women during their reproductive years. The ovaries are responsible for producing and releasing eggs, and their size can vary depending on factors such as hormonal changes and the stage of the menstrual cycle.

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  • 39. 

    During menstruating years, ovarian size is approximately ___(#) - ___(#) cm in width

    Correct Answer
    1.5, 3
    Explanation
    During menstruating years, the ovarian size is approximately 1.5 to 3 cm in width. This suggests that the ovaries, which are responsible for producing eggs and releasing hormones, are relatively small in size during this period. The size of the ovaries can vary depending on factors such as age, hormonal changes, and overall health.

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  • 40. 

    During menstruating years, ovarian size is approximately ___(#) - ___(#) cm in A/P dimension

    Correct Answer
    .6, 2.2
    Explanation
    During menstruating years, the ovarian size in the anteroposterior (A/P) dimension is approximately 0.6 cm to 2.2 cm.

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  • 41. 

    Following menopause, the ovary ____________ and follicles ______________

    Correct Answer
    atrophies, disappear
    Explanation
    After menopause, the ovary undergoes atrophy, which means it shrinks in size and loses its normal function. This is because the production of estrogen and progesterone, which are hormones responsible for the menstrual cycle and fertility, decreases significantly. As a result, the follicles, which contain the eggs, also gradually disappear. This is a natural process that occurs as a woman ages and reaches the end of her reproductive years.

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  • 42. 

    Ovarian volume is calculated using the formula  (____ x ____ x ____)/____(Letters and numbers)

    Correct Answer
    L, W, H, 2
    Explanation
    The correct answer is L, W, H, 2. This formula is used to calculate ovarian volume. L represents the length, W represents the width, and H represents the height of the ovary. By multiplying these three dimensions and dividing the result by 2, we can determine the volume of the ovary.

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  • 43. 

    Pre-menarchal ovarian volume is ____ cm ^3

    Correct Answer
    3
    3.0
    Explanation
    The correct answer is 3 or 3.0 because pre-menarchal ovarian volume is typically measured in cubic centimeters (cm^3). Both 3 and 3.0 represent the same value, which is the standard unit of measurement for ovarian volume.

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  • 44. 

    Ovarian volume during menstruating years should be no greater than ____ cm^3

    Correct Answer
    9.8
    Explanation
    During menstruating years, the normal ovarian volume should not exceed 9.8 cm^3. This is because an increase in ovarian volume could indicate the presence of ovarian cysts or other abnormalities. Monitoring ovarian volume is important for detecting and diagnosing conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or ovarian tumors. Therefore, a volume greater than 9.8 cm^3 may require further investigation and medical intervention.

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  • 45. 

    Post menopausal ovarian volume is ___ cm^3

    Correct Answer
    5.8
    Explanation
    The post menopausal ovarian volume is 5.8 cm^3.

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  • 46. 

    The ovary is located on the _____________ surface of the ____________ ligament

    Correct Answer
    posterior, broad
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "posterior, broad." The ovary is located on the posterior surface of the broad ligament. The broad ligament is a double-layered fold of peritoneum that attaches the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries to the pelvic sidewall. The posterior surface of the broad ligament refers to the side that is closer to the back of the body. Therefore, the ovary is situated on the back surface of the broad ligament.

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  • 47. 

    Name the three ligaments that anchor the ovary

    Correct Answer
    ovarian ligament, infundibulopelvic ligament, mesovarium
    ovarian, infundibulopelvic, mesovarium
    Explanation
    The three ligaments that anchor the ovary are the ovarian ligament, infundibulopelvic ligament, and mesovarium. These ligaments provide support and stability to the ovary within the pelvic cavity. The ovarian ligament attaches the ovary to the uterus, while the infundibulopelvic ligament connects the ovary to the pelvic sidewall. The mesovarium is a fold of peritoneum that suspends the ovary from the posterior surface of the broad ligament.

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  • 48. 

    Although ovarian location varies, they generally are __________ to the uterus and _________ to the internal iliac arteries.

    Correct Answer
    lateral, anterior
    Explanation
    The correct answer is lateral, anterior. The ovaries are typically located on the sides of the uterus, which makes them lateral to the uterus. They are also positioned in front of or anterior to the internal iliac arteries.

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  • 49. 

    Each ovary is connected by the _______________ ligament to the broad ligament

    Correct Answer
    mesovarium
    Explanation
    The mesovarium is a ligament that connects each ovary to the broad ligament. This ligament provides support and stability to the ovary within the pelvic cavity. It also contains blood vessels and nerves that supply the ovary, allowing for proper functioning and hormone production. Overall, the mesovarium plays a crucial role in maintaining the position and function of the ovaries within the female reproductive system.

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  • 50. 

    The lateral and posterior borders of each ovary are ________

    Correct Answer
    free
    Explanation
    The lateral and posterior borders of each ovary are "free" because they are not attached or connected to any surrounding structures. This allows the ovaries to move and have some degree of mobility within the pelvic cavity. The term "free" indicates that there are no attachments or adhesions that would restrict the movement of the ovaries.

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  • Aug 02, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Sep 18, 2010
    Quiz Created by
    Mnathan21

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