Basics Of Clinical Oncology Quiz

The primary site is the place where the cancer originates or starts. It is the initial location where the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells begins. This is an important factor in determining the type and stage of cancer, as well as guiding treatment decisions.

A nodule is a small lump or tumor that can be either benign or malignant. This means that it can either be non-cancerous or cancerous. Therefore, the statement "Nodule - A small lump or tumor that can be benign or malignant" is true.

Reglan and Odansetron are commonly used medications to alleviate nausea and vomiting, which are the most common side effects of chemotherapy. These drugs work by blocking certain receptors in the brain and gastrointestinal tract, reducing the signals that trigger nausea and vomiting. By effectively managing these side effects, patients undergoing chemotherapy can experience improved quality of life and better adherence to their treatment plans.

A surgical procedure to remove all or a large part of the breast is called a mastectomy. This procedure is typically performed to treat breast cancer or to reduce the risk of developing breast cancer in individuals with a high risk. During a mastectomy, the breast tissue, including the nipple and areola, is removed. This procedure can be done as a preventive measure or as a treatment option depending on the individual's condition and medical recommendation.

Hand-Foot syndrome is a common side effect of certain chemotherapies. This condition, also known as palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, is characterized by redness, swelling, pain, and peeling of the skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. It can cause discomfort and difficulty in performing daily activities. Various chemotherapy drugs, such as capecitabine and liposomal doxorubicin, are known to increase the risk of developing Hand-Foot syndrome. Therefore, the statement "Hand-Foot syndrome is a common side effect with certain kinds of chemotherapies" is true.

The statement is false because different types of cancer have different ICD-9 codes. The International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9) is a coding system used for billing and classification of diseases. Each type of cancer has a specific code assigned to it, allowing for accurate billing and tracking of different types of cancer. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that all types of cancer fall under the same ICD-9 code.

Basal cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer are not two of the rarer types of cancer. Basal cell carcinoma is actually the most common form of skin cancer, while colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Therefore, the statement is false.

Metastasis refers to the spread of cancer cells from the original tumor to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream. It is a crucial process in cancer progression and can lead to the formation of secondary tumors in distant organs. The correct answer, "metastasis," accurately describes this phenomenon and its capitalization is consistent with standard medical terminology.

The answer choices that are subdivisions of oncology are radiation oncology, medical oncology, and surgical oncology. Nutritional oncology and naturopathic oncology are not subdivisions of oncology.

Sulfa drugs are not commonly used as a supporting medication class for chemotherapy. While anti-inflammatory drugs, dopamine antagonists, and opiate pain relievers are often prescribed to manage side effects such as inflammation, nausea, and pain during chemotherapy, sulfa drugs are not typically used for this purpose. Sulfa drugs are more commonly used to treat bacterial infections and certain types of inflammatory conditions.

Synchronous cancer does not occur when primary cancer metastasizes to another system. Synchronous cancer refers to the presence of multiple primary cancers that develop simultaneously or within a short period of time. It means that multiple cancers arise independently in different parts of the body at the same time.

Debulking is a surgical procedure that involves removing a significant portion or most of a tumor when it is not feasible to remove the entire tumor. This procedure is commonly performed when the tumor is too large or in a location that makes complete removal risky or impossible. Debulking helps to reduce the size of the tumor, alleviate symptoms, and improve the effectiveness of other treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy. By removing a substantial part of the tumor, debulking aims to enhance the patient's quality of life and potentially prolong survival.

Topoisomerase inhibitors, mitotic inhibitors, and alkylating agents are types of chemotherapy drugs. Topoisomerase inhibitors work by preventing the action of enzymes called topoisomerases, which are involved in DNA replication and repair. Mitotic inhibitors prevent cells from dividing by disrupting the process of cell division. Alkylating agents directly damage the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from dividing and growing. These types of drugs are commonly used in chemotherapy to target and kill cancer cells.

Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. It focuses on understanding the causes, development, and progression of cancer, as well as finding effective ways to prevent, diagnose, and treat it. In addition to cancer diagnosis and treatment, oncology also involves providing palliative care for patients with terminal malignancies, which focuses on improving their quality of life and managing symptoms. Furthermore, oncology includes screening efforts to detect cancer at early stages when it is more treatable. Therefore, the correct answer includes all these aspects of oncology.

Tumor markers are proteins and genes that are present at certain levels in the body and indicate the presence of a specific type of cancer. These markers can be measured in blood, urine, or tissue samples, and their elevated levels can be used to diagnose and monitor the progression of cancer. Tumor markers are important in cancer screening, early detection, and treatment monitoring.

The correct progression from healthier cells to cancerous cells is Dysplastic -> Metaplastic -> Anaplastic. Dysplasia refers to abnormal changes in cell size, shape, and organization. Metaplasia is the transformation of one type of tissue into another. Anaplasia is the loss of cell differentiation and the presence of undifferentiated cells, which is a characteristic of cancerous cells. Therefore, the correct progression represents the gradual transformation of healthier cells into cancerous cells.