Aircraft Systems, Part 1 Trivia Questions

The purpose of the torsion links on a main landing gear is to prevent the inner cylinder from rotating within the outer cylinder. Torsion links are designed to provide stability and prevent unwanted rotation between the inner and outer cylinders of the landing gear. This is important during landing and takeoff to ensure that the landing gear remains in the correct position and does not rotate or twist, which could lead to instability and potential damage to the aircraft. By preventing rotation, the torsion links help maintain the structural integrity and stability of the landing gear system.

The elevator is attached to the trailing edge of a horizontal stabilizer. It is a movable control surface that is used to control the pitch of an aircraft. By changing the angle of the elevator, the pilot can control the aircraft's nose-up or nose-down attitude, allowing for changes in altitude. Flaps are attached to the wings and are used to increase lift during takeoff and landing. Spoilers are also attached to the wings and are used to decrease lift and increase drag. The rudder is attached to the vertical stabilizer and is used to control the yaw of the aircraft.

The purpose of a hydraulic reservoir is to replenish fluid, allow for thermal expansion, and provide a means of bleeding air from the system. Replenishing fluid is important to ensure that the hydraulic system always has an adequate amount of fluid to operate effectively. Allowing for thermal expansion is necessary because as the fluid heats up during operation, it expands and needs space to accommodate this expansion. Lastly, providing a means of bleeding air from the system is crucial as air in the hydraulic system can cause inefficiencies and potential damage.

Split wheels are balanced individually by halves. This means that each half of the split wheel is balanced separately to ensure that both halves are evenly weighted. This is done to prevent any imbalance in the wheel assembly, which could lead to vibrations and other issues while driving. Balancing the wheels individually by halves helps to ensure a smooth and stable ride.

Variable-volume pumps do not require a separate pressure-regulating device in the system because they have an integral compensator. An integral compensator is a built-in mechanism in the pump that automatically adjusts the pressure to maintain a constant flow rate. This eliminates the need for an additional pressure-regulating device in the system. The compensator senses the system pressure and adjusts the pump's displacement accordingly, ensuring that the desired pressure is maintained without the need for manual intervention or additional components.

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The force that acts parallel to the relative wind is drag. Drag is the resistance force that opposes the motion of an object through a fluid, such as air. In the context of aerodynamics, when an object, such as an airplane, moves through the air, drag is generated due to the friction between the object and the air molecules. This force acts in the direction opposite to the motion of the object and is parallel to the relative wind, which is the direction of the airflow relative to the object. Therefore, drag is the correct answer.

A unit that combines the landing gear shimmy damper and steering unit is known as a steer damper. This unit is responsible for dampening any vibrations or shimmying that may occur in the landing gear during steering, ensuring a smoother and safer operation.

The wing design used on most modern military aircraft is cantilever. A cantilever wing design refers to a wing that is self-supporting and does not require external bracing or additional support structures. This design allows for a sleek and streamlined appearance, reducing drag and improving aerodynamic performance. Cantilever wings are commonly used in modern military aircraft to enhance maneuverability, speed, and overall performance in combat situations.

The amount of fluid a pump produces on each cycle or revolution is referred to as its displacement. This term specifically describes the volume of fluid that is moved or displaced by the pump during its operation. It is a crucial factor in determining the pump's efficiency and capacity to meet specific fluid requirements. The other options, purgement, volume, and rating, do not accurately represent the concept of the fluid amount produced by the pump.

Electromagnetic devices that can detect magnetically conductive metal targets on landing gears are referred to as proximity sensors. These sensors are designed to detect the presence or absence of an object within a certain range without physical contact. They use electromagnetic fields to sense the presence of metal targets, making them suitable for applications such as detecting the position of landing gears. Position switches, selector valves, and solenoid circuits do not specifically refer to devices capable of sensing magnetically conductive metal targets, making them incorrect choices.

Tapered roller bearings are commonly used on aircraft wheels due to their ability to handle both radial and axial loads. These bearings have conical rollers and raceways that are angled, allowing them to distribute the load evenly and efficiently. This design ensures smooth rotation and stability, which is crucial for aircraft wheels to withstand the heavy loads and high speeds experienced during takeoff, landing, and flight. Flat roller, straight ball, and recessed cone bearings are not commonly used in aircraft wheels as they do not possess the same load-bearing capabilities as tapered roller bearings.

The correct answer is 19 cells because a 24-volt nickel-cadmium battery typically consists of 1.2-volt cells. Therefore, dividing 24 volts by 1.2 volts per cell gives us a total of 20 cells. However, it is important to note that one of the cells is typically used as a voltage regulator, which brings the total number of usable cells to 19.

Creep plates provide for cooler operation in a Statopower variable-volume hydraulic pump. Creep plates are designed to create a small gap between the pump's swashplate and the cylinder block. This allows a small amount of oil to continuously flow through the gap, which helps to dissipate heat generated during operation. By allowing for better heat dissipation, creep plates help to maintain cooler operating temperatures in the hydraulic pump.

The underspeed switch (USS) on the 60/80 kilovolt ampere (KVA) generator constant speed drive (CSD) actuates at 365 Hz.

The correct answer is plate. In a battery, the plate refers to the internal component that acts as a grid or framework to support the active chemical materials. The plate helps in the flow of electrons during the charging and discharging process of the battery. The active chemical materials are usually coated on the surface of the plate, allowing for the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy.

Wing flaps are used to increase lift and drag. When the flaps are extended, they increase the surface area of the wing, which in turn generates more lift. This is particularly useful during takeoff and landing when the aircraft needs more lift to maintain a safe speed and altitude. Additionally, the increased drag caused by the extended flaps helps to slow down the aircraft, making it easier to control during landing. Therefore, the purpose of wing flaps is to increase both lift and drag.

The snubbing mechanism slows the free fall of the main landing gear during the emergency extension sequence.

The Stratopower variable-volume pump uses a nutating plate to hold the pistons in contact with the cam plate. The nutating plate is responsible for the reciprocating motion of the pistons, ensuring that they maintain contact with the cam plate as they move. This design allows for efficient pumping action and helps to maintain a consistent flow of fluid.

A pneudraulic system component that uses a double-acting balanced actuating cylinder is the nosewheel steering. This component allows the pilot to control the direction of the aircraft during ground operations. The double-acting cylinder ensures that the steering mechanism can be actuated in both directions, providing balanced and precise control over the nosewheel.

A shunt-type motor has a field winding in parallel with the armature, which allows it to have good speed regulation. This means that it can maintain a relatively constant speed even when there are changes in load. However, it has low starting torque, which means it may struggle to start heavy loads.

When making a right turn, the relative position of the ailerons is such that the right aileron trailing edge is up, while the left aileron trailing edge is down. This configuration helps to increase the lift on the right wing and decrease the lift on the left wing, which helps to bank the aircraft to the right and initiate the turn. By raising the trailing edge of the right aileron and lowering the trailing edge of the left aileron, the pilot can effectively control the roll of the aircraft and maintain stability during the turn.

The correct answer is 8,000 RPM. The constant speed drive (CSD) is used to drive a 60/80 KVA generator, and the output of the CSD is approximately 8,000 RPM. This means that the generator is designed to operate at a speed of 8,000 revolutions per minute.

The primary force an airfoil has to defeat is weight. Weight is the force exerted by gravity on an object, and it acts in the downward direction. In order for an airfoil, such as an airplane wing, to generate lift and stay airborne, it must overcome the force of weight. By generating enough lift through the shape and angle of the airfoil, the upward force can counteract the downward force of weight, allowing the aircraft to stay aloft.

A standpipe in a reservoir is designed to reserve fluid for the emergency pump. In case of an emergency or power failure, the standpipe ensures that there is a sufficient amount of fluid available to operate the emergency pump. This helps to maintain the functionality of the system and prevent any potential damage or disruptions.

In a hydraulic hand pump, double-action means that fluid-flow is created with each stroke of the pump handle. This means that every time the handle is pushed down or pulled up, fluid is being pumped and flowing through the system. This is different from the other options, where fluid-flow is created either with every other stroke or where double volume is displaced with each or every other stroke.

The piston is installed in the accumulator with the hollow end facing towards the air side. This is because the air side of the accumulator is where the compressed air is stored, and the hollow end of the piston allows for the movement of the air. By positioning the piston in this way, it can effectively separate the compressed air from the fluid side of the accumulator, allowing for proper functioning and pressure regulation.

The hydraulic manifold in a hydraulic system is responsible for connecting and directing the flow of fluid. It serves as a central point where multiple fluid lines can come together and merge into a common line. This allows for efficient distribution of the hydraulic fluid throughout the system. Therefore, the correct answer is that the hydraulic manifold provides a location where the common fluid lines can come together.

A pneudraulic system is a combination of pneumatic and hydraulic systems. It uses compressed air and hydraulic fluid to operate various components. A single-acting actuating cylinder is a type of cylinder that only applies force in one direction, usually by using compressed air. In the context of the given options, the brake assembly is the most likely component to use a single-acting actuating cylinder. When the brakes are applied, the compressed air pushes the piston in the cylinder, which activates the brake mechanism and applies pressure to stop the vehicle.

The main parts of an aircraft tire are the cord, body, and beads. The cord provides strength and stability to the tire, while the body contains the air and supports the weight of the aircraft. The beads are the inner edges of the tire that secure it to the wheel rim. These three components work together to ensure the tire can withstand the pressure and load of the aircraft during takeoff, landing, and flight.

The centering switch prevents the lock solenoid from energizing when the nose landing gear is off center. This switch is designed to detect the position of the landing gear and ensure that it is properly centered before allowing the lock solenoid to engage. If the landing gear is not centered, the switch will prevent the solenoid from activating, thus preventing any potential safety hazards or damage that could occur if the lock were to engage while the gear is off center.

When the camshaft is rotated to unseat one pressure poppet and one return poppet, it means that these two poppets are lifted off their seats, allowing fluid to flow through the valve. This working position of the manual poppet-type selector valve enables the selection of a specific hydraulic circuit or path by controlling the flow of fluid. By unseating one pressure poppet and one return poppet, the valve can direct fluid to the desired circuit while blocking off others, providing the necessary functionality for hydraulic systems.

Brake fade refers to a gradual loss of braking action, which occurs as a result of overheating. When the brakes become excessively hot, the friction material on the brake pads starts to deteriorate, leading to a decrease in braking performance. This can be caused by prolonged or aggressive braking, driving in hilly terrain, or a malfunctioning braking system. As the brakes overheat, they lose their ability to effectively convert kinetic energy into heat energy, resulting in a reduction in braking power.

Vent holes prevent pressure buildup and separation of cord plies or tread rubber on an aircraft tire. These holes allow air to escape from the tire, preventing excessive pressure from building up inside. This helps to maintain the integrity of the tire and prevent any potential damage or failure.

The fixed vertical surface of the empennage is called the fin. The fin is a vertical stabilizer that provides stability and control to the aircraft during flight. It helps to maintain the aircraft's yaw stability by resisting any side-to-side movement. The fin is typically located at the rear of the aircraft and is an essential component of the empennage, along with the horizontal stabilizer and elevator.

The major advantage of the manual slide-type hydraulic selector valve is its metering ability. This means that it allows for precise control of the flow rate of hydraulic fluid. By adjusting the position of the slide, the operator can regulate the amount of fluid passing through the valve, enabling precise control of the hydraulic system. This is particularly useful in applications where precise control and adjustment of fluid flow is required, such as in industrial machinery or hydraulic systems used in construction equipment.

Deboosters are designed to reduce braking pressure. When the brake pedal is pressed, the debooster reduces the force applied to the master cylinder, resulting in a decrease in braking pressure. This is done to prevent the brakes from locking up or causing excessive wear on the brake components. By reducing the braking pressure, deboosters help to ensure smooth and controlled braking, improving overall safety and performance of the braking system.

Thermal relief plugs prevent tire explosion from excessive heat buildup. These plugs are designed to release excess pressure and heat from the tire, allowing it to cool down and prevent the risk of explosion. Vent holes, blowout caps, and wheel valve stems do not serve the same purpose as thermal relief plugs and therefore do not prevent tire explosion from excessive heat buildup.

Turbulence in a hydraulic line disrupts the smooth flow of fluid, causing resistance and loss of energy. When turbulence occurs, the fluid flow becomes chaotic and irregular, leading to increased friction and resistance within the system. This resistance results in a loss of energy as the fluid encounters obstacles and experiences internal friction. Therefore, turbulence in a hydraulic line creates resistance and causes a decrease in energy efficiency.

A permanent magnet is produced from a material with high reluctance and low permeability because these properties allow the material to resist the flow of magnetic flux and retain a strong magnetic field. High reluctance means that the material does not easily allow magnetic flux to pass through it, while low permeability means that the material does not easily become magnetized. This combination of properties is essential for creating a permanent magnet that can maintain its magnetic field over a long period of time.

The motion of the landing gear control lever is transmitted to the selector valve through a cable system. This means that there is a series of cables that connect the control lever to the valve, allowing for the movement of the lever to be translated into the corresponding action of the valve. This cable system ensures that the landing gear can be controlled effectively and accurately.

The correct answer is engine oil and blast air. Brushless AC generators require cooling methods to prevent overheating. Engine oil is used to cool the generator's internal components, such as the stator and rotor windings, by dissipating heat. Blast air is also used to cool the generator by blowing air over the external surfaces, helping to remove heat generated during operation. This combination of engine oil and blast air provides an effective cooling system for brushless AC generators.

The correct answer is "by gravity and suction effect of the pump." This means that the reservoir supplies hydraulic fluid to the hand pump both through the force of gravity and the suction effect created by the pump. The force of gravity allows the fluid to flow from the reservoir to the pump, while the suction effect of the pump helps to draw the fluid into the pump for further use.

Adjusters are the components in a segmented rotor brake system that automatically compensate for brake wear. As the brake pads wear down over time, the adjusters ensure that the proper clearance is maintained between the brake pads and the rotor. This helps to ensure consistent braking performance and prevent any excessive wear on the brake components. Rotors, stators, and actuators are not specifically designed to compensate for brake wear in a segmented rotor brake system, making adjusters the correct answer.

The basic units of a hydraulic hand pump system include a reservoir, pump, actuator, and manual shutoff valve. The reservoir is where the hydraulic fluid is stored, the pump is responsible for pressurizing the fluid, the actuator is the component that converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy, and the manual shutoff valve allows for the control of fluid flow within the system.

Solenoid valves are commonly used in hydraulic systems to control the flow of fluid. They are electromechanical devices that use an electrical current to actuate a plunger or piston, which in turn opens or closes the valve. Solenoid valves are compact, reliable, and can be easily controlled, making them a popular choice for positioning hydraulic selector valves.

When pressure in a hydraulic system with a variable-volume pump increases, the fluid-flow decreases. This is because the variable-volume pump adjusts its output volume based on the pressure in the system. As the pressure increases, the pump reduces its output volume to maintain a steady pressure. This reduction in volume leads to a decrease in fluid-flow.

The correct answer is that a servo valve controls fluid-flow. This means that a servo valve is designed to regulate the flow of fluid in a system, allowing for precise control and adjustment. In contrast, a selector valve may have four ports and be more complex, but its main function is to direct the flow of fluid to different paths rather than controlling the flow itself. Therefore, the key difference between the two is that a servo valve specifically focuses on fluid-flow control.

The correct answer is Aileron. The aileron is a flight control surface that is located on the trailing edge of the wing and is used to control the roll of an aircraft. It is responsible for creating differential lift on the wings, which allows the aircraft to bank and turn. The rudder is a vertical control surface used for yaw control, the elevator is a horizontal control surface used for pitch control, and the wing flaps are used to increase lift and drag during takeoff and landing. Therefore, the aileron is the correct answer as it is specifically designed for longitudinal control.

The bearing cone of an aircraft wheel bearing is the inner part that holds the rollers or balls. The outer part that houses the bearing cone and provides support is called the bearing cup. Therefore, the correct answer is bearing cup.