Let's Learn About Operating System Quiz

A program in execution is referred to as a process. A process is an instance of a computer program that is being executed by the operating system. It consists of the program code, current activity, and a unique process identifier. Multiple processes can run simultaneously on a computer, each having its own memory space and resources. The operating system manages and schedules these processes to ensure efficient utilization of the system's resources.

The operating system is responsible for managing various aspects of a computer system, including memory, processor, and I/O devices. It allocates and deallocates memory for different processes, schedules tasks for the processor, and handles the communication between the computer and its peripherals. Therefore, all of the given options are correct as the operating system manages all these components.

A linker program is responsible for linking the program with other programs needed for its execution. This means that it combines different modules or object files into a single executable file, resolving any references between them. By doing so, the linker ensures that all the necessary components for the program to run are connected and can work together seamlessly. It creates a cohesive unit that can be executed as a whole, enabling the program to access and utilize the functionality provided by other programs or libraries.

A shell is a command interpreter that allows users to interact with an operating system by executing commands. It provides a command line interface where users can type commands and receive output or perform various tasks. The shell acts as an intermediary between the user and the operating system, interpreting the commands entered by the user and executing them accordingly. It is responsible for managing the execution of programs, handling input/output, and providing a user-friendly interface for interacting with the system.

The term "throughput" refers to the number of programs that a system is able to process within a specific unit of time. This means that it measures the efficiency and speed at which the system is able to handle and complete tasks. Therefore, the correct answer is "Number of programs processed by it per unit time."

Assembly language is considered a low-level programming language because it is a human-readable representation of machine code instructions. It is specific to a particular computer architecture and provides direct control over the hardware. Assembly language instructions are closely related to the machine code instructions that the computer's processor can execute. While it is more readable than machine code, it still requires a deep understanding of the underlying hardware. This makes it closer to the hardware and lower level compared to higher-level programming languages that are more abstracted from the hardware.

Turnaround time refers to the interval between the submission of a job and its completion. It includes both the time spent waiting in the queue and the time spent executing the job. This term is commonly used in computing and scheduling systems to measure the efficiency and performance of a job or process.

The bootstrap loader is executed when a system is first turned on or restarted. It is responsible for initializing the system and loading the operating system kernel into memory. The bootstrap loader is typically stored in ROM or firmware and has the ability to locate and load the operating system from a specified location, such as a hard drive or network. Once the operating system is loaded, control is transferred to it, allowing the system to start executing user programs.

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An assembler is programming language dependent because it is designed to translate assembly language code into machine code specific to a particular processor or architecture. It understands the syntax and instructions of a specific programming language and converts them into machine code instructions that can be executed by the computer's processor. Therefore, the assembler's functionality and output are dependent on the programming language it is designed for.