1.
Usually noun clauses begin with that, what, where, when, who, whom, which, whose, how, why, whether, etc.
Noun clauses perform the same functions in sentences that nouns do:
A noun clause can be the subject of a sentence:
What Billy did shocked his friends.
A noun clause can be an object of a verb:
Billy’s friends didn’t know that he couldn’t swim. (This answers the question "What didn't they know?")
A noun clause can be a subject complement:
Billy’s mistake was that he refused to take lessons.(This answers the question "What was his mistake?")
A noun clause can be an object of a preposition:
Mary is not responsible for what Billy did. (This answers the question "For what is Mary not responsible?")
A noun clause (but not a noun) can be an adjective complement:
Everybody is sad that Billy drowned. (This answers the question "Why is everybody sad?")
FIND THE NOUN CLAUSE IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE:
Anyone who says that English teachers are boring will be punished.
Correct Answer
C. Anyone who says that English teachers are boring
Explanation
The noun clause in the sentence is "Anyone who says that English teachers are boring". This noun clause functions as the subject of the sentence.
2.
FIND THE NOUN CLAUSE IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE:
What I had for breakfast gave me heartburn.
Correct Answer
A. What I had for breakfast
Explanation
The noun clause in the sentence is "What I had for breakfast." This clause functions as the subject of the sentence, indicating the thing that caused the speaker to have heartburn.
3.
FIND THE NOUN CLAUSE IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE:
I must decide which type of cookie to eat.
Correct Answer
C. Which type of cookie to eat
Explanation
The noun clause in the sentence is "which type of cookie to eat". It functions as the direct object of the verb "decide" and answers the question "what must I decide?".
4.
TYPE THE NOUN CLAUSE IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE:
Why she kept crying puzzled everyone.
Correct Answer
Why she kept crying
Explanation
The noun clause in this sentence is "Why she kept crying". It functions as the object of the verb "puzzled". The clause introduces the question of why she continued to cry, and it is the thing that confused or puzzled everyone.
5.
Adjective clauses perform the same function in sentences that adjectives do: they modify nouns.
The teacher has a car. (Car is a noun.)
It’s a new car. (New is an adjective which modifies car.)
The car that she is driving is not hers.
(That she is driving is an adjective clause which modifies car. It’s a clause because it has a subject (she) and a verb (is driving); it’s an adjective clause because it modifies a noun.)
Note that adjectives usually precede the nouns they modify; adjective clauses always follow the nouns they modify.
There are only five dependent signals which introduce adjective clauses: Who, Whom, Whose, Which, That
However, sometimes the signal word is missing:
The book I borrowed was full of famous quotes.
The book [that] I borrowed was full of famous quotes.
Sometimes the dependent signal [usually "that"] is implied. Mentally insert it, and the sentence will be easier to analyze.
FIND THE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE:
Do you know the woman who is wearing a blue suit?
Correct Answer
D. Who is wearing the blue suit
Explanation
The adjective clause in the given sentence is "who is wearing the blue suit." It modifies the noun "woman" and provides additional information about her.
6.
FIND THE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE:
The books that people read were mainly religious.
Correct Answer
B. That people read
Explanation
The adjective clause in the sentence is "that people read." It modifies the noun "books" and provides additional information about the type of books being referred to.
7.
FIND THE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE:
Some firefighters never meet the people they save.
Correct Answer
D. They save
Explanation
The adjective clause in the sentence is "they save". It modifies the noun "people" and provides additional information about the people that the firefighters save.
8.
TYPE THE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE:
The boy who sits near me is my brother's best friend.
Correct Answer
who sits near me
Explanation
The adjective clause in the given sentence is "who sits near me". This clause provides additional information about the boy, specifying that he is the one who sits near the speaker.
9.
There are many types of adverb clauses. Here are some examples of the most common types:
-
It answers the question, “Where?”
Wherever there are computers, there is Microsoft software.
-
It answers the question, “When?”
After the fruit is harvested, it is sold at the market.
-
It answers the question, “Why?” or “What caused this?”
I didn't call her because I'm shy.
-
It answers the question, “Why?” or “What was the reason for doing this?”
She took a computer course so that she could get a better job.
-
It answers the question, “Why is this unexpected?”
Although Jay has a Master's degree, he works as a store clerk.
-
It answers the question, “Under what conditions?”
If you save your money, you will be able to go to college.
As you can see from the examples above, most adverb clauses can be recognized because they are introduced by a particular word or phrase.
These words and phrases are called subordinating conjunctions, and there are many of them, including these:
after, before, until, while, because, since, as, so that, in order that, if, unless, whether, though, although, even though, where
FIND THE ADVERB CLAUSE IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE:
The premier gave a speech where the workers were striking.
Correct Answer
C. Where the workers were striking
Explanation
The adverb clause in the sentence is "where the workers were striking". It answers the question "Where were the workers striking?" and provides additional information about the location of the speech.
10.
FIND THE ADVERB CLAUSE IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE:
She visited many friends when she was in Miami.
Correct Answer
C. When she was in Miami
Explanation
The adverb clause in the given sentence is "when she was in Miami." This clause modifies the verb "visited" and provides information about the time or circumstance in which the action took place. It explains that the person visited many friends specifically during the time when she was in Miami.
11.
FIND THE ADVERB CLAUSE IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE:
Now that he has a lot of money, he can afford a new computer.
Correct Answer
B. Now that he has a lot of money
Explanation
The adverb clause in the sentence is "Now that he has a lot of money". It functions as a subordinate clause and modifies the verb "can afford". It provides information about the condition or reason for the main clause.
12.
TYPE THE ADVERB CLAUSE IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE:
After she comes, she will turn on the radio.
Correct Answer
After she comes
Explanation
The adverb clause in the given sentence is "After she comes". This clause is used to indicate the time or condition when the action in the main clause will take place. In this case, it shows that the action of turning on the radio will happen after she comes.
13.
If a clause can stand alone as a sentence, it is an independent clause.
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS AN INDEPENDENT CLAUSE?
Correct Answer
A. I despise individuals of low character
Explanation
The correct answer is "I despise individuals of low character." This is an independent clause because it can stand alone as a complete sentence. It has a subject ("I") and a predicate ("despise individuals of low character") and expresses a complete thought.
14.
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS AN INDEPENDENT CLAUSE?
Correct Answer
B. He sang
Explanation
The correct answer is "He sang" because it is a complete sentence that can stand alone and express a complete thought. It contains a subject (He) and a verb (sang) and does not rely on any other part of the sentence for its meaning.
15.
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING HAS TWO INDEPENDENT CLAUSES PUNCTUATED CORRECTLY?
Correct Answer
C. I was shocked to see the carnage in the morning, but my father was not surprised.
Explanation
The answer "I was shocked to see the carnage in the morning, but my father was not surprised" has two independent clauses ("I was shocked to see the carnage in the morning" and "my father was not surprised") that are punctuated correctly with a comma and a coordinating conjunction ("but").