1.
The study of tumors is called
Correct Answer
D. Oncology
Explanation
Oncology is the correct answer because it is the branch of medicine that deals with the study and treatment of tumors, including cancer. Pathology is the study of diseases in general, not specifically tumors. Neoplasia refers to the abnormal growth of cells, which can lead to the formation of tumors, but it is not the specific study of tumors. Cytology is the study of cells, including their structure and function, but it is not specific to tumors.
2.
Neoplasia involves
Correct Answer
A. An irreversible change that results in an uncontrolled multiplication of cells
Explanation
Neoplasia refers to the development of a tumor, which involves an irreversible change in cells. This change leads to uncontrolled cell multiplication, meaning the cells divide and multiply without any regulation or control. This uncontrolled growth can result in the formation of a mass or tumor. Therefore, the correct answer is "an irreversible change that results in an uncontrolled multiplication of cells."
3.
Viruses that cause neoplastic transformation of cells are called
Correct Answer
B. Oncogenic
Explanation
Oncogenic viruses are viruses that have the ability to cause neoplastic transformation of cells, leading to the development of cancer. These viruses can integrate their genetic material into the host cell's DNA, disrupting normal cell growth and division processes. They can also promote the expression of oncogenes or inhibit tumor suppressor genes, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation and the formation of tumors. Examples of oncogenic viruses include human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). These viruses are considered to be the main etiological agents in certain types of cancers.
4.
Which one of the following is a characteristic of benign tumors?
Correct Answer
C. Slow growth
Explanation
Benign tumors are characterized by slow growth. Unlike malignant tumors, which grow rapidly and can spread to other parts of the body (metastasis), benign tumors grow at a slower pace and do not invade surrounding tissues or spread to other areas. This slow growth is one of the key features that differentiate benign tumors from malignant ones.
5.
A small exophytic lesion of the tongue that is the color of normal mucosa and is composed of papillary projectionsarranged in a cauliflower loke appearanceis most likely a
Correct Answer
A. Papilloma
Explanation
A small exophytic lesion of the tongue that is the color of normal mucosa and is composed of papillary projections arranged in a cauliflower-like appearance is most likely a papilloma. Papillomas are benign growths that commonly occur on the skin or mucous membranes. They are usually caused by viral infections, such as human papillomavirus (HPV). The description of the lesion, with its papillary projections and normal color, aligns with the characteristics of a papilloma. Fibroma, neurofibroma, and verrucous carcinoma are less likely based on the given information.
6.
Which of the following is a histologic characteric of squamous cell carcinoma?
Correct Answer
D. All of the above
Explanation
The correct answer is "all of the above" because squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by the invasion of tumor cells into the connective tissue, presence of pleomorphic epithelial cells, and the formation of keratin pearls. These histologic features are commonly observed in squamous cell carcinoma and help in its diagnosis.
7.
Which of the following are the most common locations for intraoral squamous cell carcinoma?
Correct Answer
C. Floor of mouth ventrolateral tongue, soft palate
Explanation
Intraoral squamous cell carcinoma is a type of oral cancer that commonly occurs in certain locations within the mouth. The floor of the mouth, ventrolateral tongue, and soft palate are the most common locations for this type of cancer. These areas are often exposed to irritants such as tobacco and alcohol, which can contribute to the development of squamous cell carcinoma. Additionally, these locations have a high concentration of squamous cells, which are more prone to developing cancerous changes. Therefore, floor of mouth ventrolateral tongue, and soft palate are the most common locations for intraoral squamous cell carcinoma.
8.
A histologic diagnosis of epithelial dysplasia is of concern because the lesion may
Correct Answer
C. Be premalignant
Explanation
A histologic diagnosis of epithelial dysplasia is of concern because it indicates abnormal changes in the cells of the epithelium, which could potentially lead to the development of cancer (premalignant). This diagnosis suggests that the lesion has the potential to progress into a malignant tumor if left untreated. It is important to monitor and treat such lesions to prevent the development of cancer and ensure the patient's well-being.
9.
Severe epithelial dysplasia may also be called
Correct Answer
B. Carcinoma in situ
Explanation
Severe epithelial dysplasia refers to a precancerous condition where the cells in the epithelial tissue show abnormal growth and differentiation. It is considered a stage before the development of invasive cancer. Carcinoma in situ is another term used to describe this condition, indicating that the abnormal cells are confined to the epithelial layer without invading deeper tissues. Epithelial hyperplasia refers to excessive growth of epithelial cells, but it is not necessarily a precancerous condition. Infiltrating carcinoma refers to cancer that has invaded surrounding tissues, which is a more advanced stage than severe epithelial dysplasia. Hyperkeratosis, on the other hand, refers to the thickening of the outer layer of the skin and is not directly related to severe epithelial dysplasia or carcinoma in situ.
10.
The most appropriate treatment for epithelial dysplasia is
Correct Answer
D. Complete removal
Explanation
The most appropriate treatment for epithelial dysplasia is complete removal. This is because epithelial dysplasia refers to abnormal changes in the cells of the epithelial tissue, which can potentially develop into cancer if left untreated. Complete removal of the affected tissue is necessary to eliminate the risk of further progression and to ensure that all abnormal cells are removed. Observation, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy may be used in certain cases, but complete removal is the most effective and recommended treatment option.
11.
Verucous carcinoma is differtiated from another squamous cell carcinomas because it
Correct Answer
C. Has a better prognosis
Explanation
Verucous carcinoma is differentiated from other squamous cell carcinomas because it has a better prognosis. This means that compared to other types of squamous cell carcinomas, verucous carcinoma has a higher likelihood of successful treatment and a lower chance of recurrence or spreading to other parts of the body. The other options provided, such as not occurring in the oral cavity, most commonly occurring on the lower lip, and having no keratin, are not distinguishing factors for verucous carcinoma.
12.
The most common intraoral location for salivary gland tumors is the
Correct Answer
C. Palate
Explanation
Salivary gland tumors are most commonly found in the palate. The palate is the roof of the mouth, which is lined with salivary glands that produce saliva. Tumors in this area can arise from the minor salivary glands located in the palate. These tumors can vary in their characteristics and can be benign or malignant. The palate's rich supply of salivary glands makes it a frequent site for salivary gland tumors.
13.
Which of the folowing is an example of a malignant salivary gland tumor?
Correct Answer
D. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
Explanation
Adenoid cystic carcinoma is an example of a malignant salivary gland tumor. Malignant tumors are cancerous and have the potential to spread to other parts of the body. Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a slow-growing tumor that commonly affects the salivary glands, particularly the major and minor salivary glands in the head and neck region. It is characterized by the formation of small, glandular structures surrounded by a dense fibrous tissue. This type of tumor has a tendency to invade nerves and can be challenging to treat due to its aggressive nature and potential for recurrence.
14.
Which of the following statement about ameloblastomas are true? ameloblastomas
Correct Answer
D. All of the above
Explanation
Ameloblastomas are benign slow-growing infiltrating tumors. They are composed of odontogenic epithelium. Additionally, they most commonly occur in the mandibular molar ramus area. Therefore, all of the given statements about ameloblastomas are true.
15.
The odontogenic tumor that characcteristically presents as a well circumscribed radiolucency located in the anterior maxilla of an adolescent girl is an
Correct Answer
D. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
Explanation
The correct answer is adenomatoid odontogenic tumor. This tumor is typically found in the anterior maxilla of adolescent girls and appears as a well-circumscribed radiolucency. Ameloblastic fibroma, ameloblastoma, and odontogenic myxoma are other types of odontogenic tumors, but they do not match the specific characteristics mentioned in the question.
16.
The odontogenic tumor tha tmost resembles the mesenchyme of the dental follicle histologically is
Correct Answer
B. The odontogenic myxoma
Explanation
The odontogenic myxoma is the odontogenic tumor that most closely resembles the mesenchyme of the dental follicle histologically. This means that when examining the tissue under a microscope, the odontogenic myxoma has similar characteristics and structures to the mesenchyme found in the dental follicle.
17.
A benign cementoblastoma can be recognized on xray film because
Correct Answer
A. It is well circumscribed radiopaque and attached to the root of the tooth
Explanation
A benign cementoblastoma can be recognized on an x-ray film because it is well circumscribed, meaning it has a clearly defined border. It is also radiopaque, meaning it appears as a dense white area on the x-ray, and it is attached to the root of the tooth. This combination of characteristics helps distinguish it from other lesions, such as periapical granulomas, which may appear differently on an x-ray.
18.
Your patient a 48yr old black women present with multiple asymptomatic radiopaque massess on the mandible and maxilla. there is no expansion of bone. the most likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer
D. Florid cemento-osseuos dysplasia
Explanation
Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia is the most likely diagnosis for this patient based on the given information. This condition is characterized by multiple asymptomatic radiopaque masses on the mandible and maxilla, with no expansion of bone. It is more common in middle-aged black women. Odontomas and cementifying fibromas are other benign tumors that can occur in the jaws, but they usually present with different radiographic features. Periapical cement-osseous dysplasia is a condition that affects the periapical region of the teeth and is not likely to present with multiple masses.
19.
A compound odontoma differs from a complex odontoma in that a compound odontoma
Correct Answer
A. Is composed of tooth like structures
Explanation
A compound odontoma is a type of odontoma that is composed of tooth-like structures. This means that it consists of structures that resemble teeth, such as enamel and dentin. In contrast, a complex odontoma may not have these tooth-like structures. Therefore, the presence of tooth-like structures is what distinguishes a compound odontoma from a complex odontoma.
20.
"peripheral" odontogenic tumors are located on the
Correct Answer
D. Gingiva
Explanation
"Peripheral" odontogenic tumors refer to tumors that originate from the tissues surrounding the teeth. The term "peripheral" indicates that these tumors are located on the periphery or outer surface of the oral cavity. Among the given options, the gingiva refers to the gums, which are the tissues surrounding the teeth. Therefore, the correct answer is gingiva.
21.
A benign tumor of adipose tissue is called a
Correct Answer
A. Lipoma
Explanation
A benign tumor of adipose tissue is called a lipoma. Lipomas are non-cancerous growths that develop in the fat cells. They are usually soft and movable under the skin. Lipomas are the most common type of benign tumor and can occur anywhere on the body where fat cells are present. They are typically painless and do not require treatment unless they cause discomfort or affect the appearance.
22.
The most common malignant soft tissue tumor of the head and neck in children is
Correct Answer
C. Rhabdomyosarcoma
Explanation
Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common malignant soft tissue tumor of the head and neck in children. This type of cancer arises from the cells that normally develop into skeletal muscles. It is more commonly found in children than in adults, and it often presents as a rapidly growing mass in the head and neck region. Rhabdomyosarcoma can cause symptoms such as pain, swelling, and difficulty swallowing or breathing. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes in children with this type of cancer.
23.
Malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is rare however the most common introoral location is the
Correct Answer
A. Palate and maxillary gingiva
Explanation
Malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is a rare condition, but when it does occur, the most common locations within the oral cavity are the palate and maxillary gingiva. This means that if someone develops malignant melanoma in their oral cavity, it is more likely to be found in these areas compared to other parts such as the tongue, buccal mucosa, or retromolar area.
24.
Osteomas are a component of
Correct Answer
B. Gardner syndrome
Explanation
Gardner syndrome is the correct answer because it is a condition characterized by the development of multiple polyps in the colon and rectum, as well as other noncancerous tumors throughout the body. Osteomas, which are benign bony growths, are one of the components of Gardner syndrome. These osteomas usually occur on the skull or facial bones. Therefore, Gardner syndrome is the most appropriate option that includes osteomas as a component of the condition.
25.
A malignant tumor of boneforming tissue is called
Correct Answer
C. Osteosarcoma
Explanation
Osteosarcoma is the correct answer because it is a malignant tumor that originates from bone-forming tissue. It is the most common type of bone cancer and typically affects children and young adults. Osteosarcoma usually develops in the long bones of the body, such as the arms or legs, and can spread to other parts of the body if not treated early.
26.
A disorder characterised by an overproduction of atypical wbc is called
Correct Answer
B. Leukemia
Explanation
Leukemia is a disorder characterized by the overproduction of atypical white blood cells (WBCs). It is a type of cancer that affects the bone marrow and blood. In leukemia, the bone marrow produces abnormal WBCs that do not function properly, leading to an imbalance in the blood cell count. This can result in symptoms such as fatigue, frequent infections, and easy bleeding or bruising. Hemangioma is a benign tumor made up of blood vessels, melanoma is a type of skin cancer, and leukocytosis refers to an increased number of WBCs in the blood, but not necessarily abnormal ones.
27.
A malignant tumor of lymphocytes is called
Correct Answer
C. LympHoma
Explanation
A malignant tumor of lymphocytes is called lymphoma. Lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which is a part of the immune system. It occurs when lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, grow and divide uncontrollably, forming tumors in the lymph nodes or other lymphatic tissues. Lymphoma can be classified into two main types: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Treatment for lymphoma may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or stem cell transplant, depending on the specific type and stage of the disease.
28.
The cell involved in multiplre myeloma is the
Correct Answer
D. Plasma cell
Explanation
Plasma cells are the cells involved in multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that affects plasma cells, which are a type of white blood cell. In multiple myeloma, these plasma cells become cancerous and multiply uncontrollably, crowding out healthy cells in the bone marrow. This can lead to symptoms such as bone pain, fatigue, and anemia. Therefore, the correct answer is plasma cell.
29.
The most frequent introoral sit for metastatic tumors is
Correct Answer
B. Mandible
Explanation
The mandible is the correct answer because it is the most common site for metastatic tumors in the oral cavity. Metastatic tumors are cancers that have spread from another part of the body to the jawbone. The mandible is a large, strong bone that provides support and structure to the lower face, making it a favorable site for tumor growth. Additionally, the mandible has a rich blood supply, which can facilitate the spread of cancer cells.
30.
Which one of the following benign tumors is associated with von Recklinghausen disease?
Correct Answer
C. Neurofibroma
Explanation
Neurofibroma is the correct answer because it is a benign tumor that is commonly associated with von Recklinghausen disease, also known as neurofibromatosis type 1. This genetic disorder causes multiple neurofibromas to develop along the nerves, leading to various symptoms such as skin changes, bone deformities, and neurological problems. Neurofibromas are tumors that arise from the cells that support the nerves and can occur anywhere in the body. Therefore, neurofibroma is the most appropriate answer in this context.
31.
Which one of the following is the most common odontogenic tumor?
Correct Answer
A. Odontoma
Explanation
The most common odontogenic tumor is odontoma. Odontomas are benign tumors that arise from the cells involved in tooth development. They are composed of a mixture of dental tissues such as enamel, dentin, cementum, and pulp. Odontomas are usually asymptomatic and are often discovered incidentally on routine dental radiographs. They are typically slow-growing and do not have the potential to become malignant. Treatment usually involves surgical removal of the tumor, and the prognosis is generally excellent.
32.
Which one of the following is the most common malignant salivery gland tumor in children?
Correct Answer
D. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Explanation
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant salivary gland tumor in children. This tumor is characterized by a combination of mucous, epidermoid, and intermediate cells. It typically presents as a painless, slow-growing mass in the parotid gland. While adenoid cystic carcinoma and monomorphic adenoma are also salivary gland tumors, they are less common in children. Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum, also known as Warthin tumor, is a benign tumor and not considered malignant.
33.
A benign tumor composed of a proliferation of capillaries is called a
Correct Answer
B. Hermangioma
Explanation
A benign tumor composed of a proliferation of capillaries is called a hermangioma.
34.
A white plaque like lesion that cannot be rubbed off or diagnosed as a specific disease is called
Correct Answer
C. Leukoplakia
Explanation
Leukoplakia is a white plaque-like lesion that cannot be rubbed off or diagnosed as a specific disease. It is a condition characterized by thickened, white patches on the mucous membranes of the mouth, tongue, and other areas of the body. Leukoplakia is often associated with tobacco use and is considered a precancerous condition. It is important to monitor and manage leukoplakia to prevent the development of oral cancer.
35.
All of the following are benign lesion composed of mature compact bone except a(n)
Correct Answer
D. Ossifying fibroma
Explanation
All of the options listed are examples of benign lesions composed of mature compact bone, except for ossifying fibroma. Ossifying fibroma is a benign tumor that consists of fibrous tissue and calcified material, rather than mature compact bone.
36.
Which one of the following malignant tumors may present as diffuse gingival enlargement with persistent bleeding?
Correct Answer
B. Metastatic lung carcinoma
Explanation
Metastatic lung carcinoma can present as diffuse gingival enlargement with persistent bleeding. This occurs when cancer cells from the primary lung tumor spread to the gums and cause abnormal growth and bleeding. This condition is known as gingival metastasis and is a rare manifestation of lung cancer. It is important to consider this possibility in patients with a history of lung cancer who present with gingival enlargement and bleeding.
37.
Which one of the following malignant tumors has been reported to ashow a characteristic "sunburst" pattern on readiographic examination
Correct Answer
B. Osteosarcoma
Explanation
Osteosarcoma is the correct answer because it is a malignant bone tumor that can cause a characteristic "sunburst" pattern on radiographic examination. This pattern is caused by the tumor's aggressive growth and invasion into the surrounding bone, which leads to the formation of spicules or rays radiating outwards from the tumor. This radiographic finding is often seen in osteosarcoma and can help differentiate it from other types of malignant tumors. Malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma do not typically exhibit this specific radiographic pattern.
38.
Which one of the following malignancies is characterized by monoclonal spike on immunoelectrophoresis
Correct Answer
A. Multiple myeloma
Explanation
Multiple myeloma is characterized by a monoclonal spike on immunoelectrophoresis. Immunoelectrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to separate and identify proteins. In multiple myeloma, there is an overproduction of abnormal plasma cells that produce a single type of immunoglobulin, resulting in the presence of a monoclonal spike on immunoelectrophoresis. This spike represents the excessive production of a specific immunoglobulin by the malignant plasma cells and is a characteristic finding in multiple myeloma. The other options, metastatic lung carcinoma, lymphoma, and leukemia, do not typically present with a monoclonal spike on immunoelectrophoresis.
39.
All of the following are malignant tumors that arise from squamous epithelium except
Correct Answer
C. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
Explanation
Adenoid cystic carcinoma is not a malignant tumor that arises from squamous epithelium. It is a type of salivary gland tumor that typically originates from the secretory cells of the salivary glands. Unlike the other options listed, which are all types of squamous cell carcinomas, adenoid cystic carcinoma has a different histological appearance and arises from a different cell type.