Paramedic Quiz Chapter 21 And 22

Skull

Cerebrum

Cranial vault

Cribiform plate

It may be slightly deviated to one side or the other

The nasal septum is comprised mainly of cartilage

Inflammation of the nasal septum is common during infection

The nasal septum separates the oropharynx and nasopharynx

Subdural space, prevent infection

Cortex, protect the brain injury

Ventricles, cushion and protect the bain

Subarachnoid space, oxygenate the brain

Gently palpate the maxilla, mandible, and zygoma to elicit creipitus

Protect the cervical spine and monitor the patient's neurologic status

Apply a cervical collar and determine if the patient has visual disturbances

Have the patient open his of her mouth and assess for dental malocclusion

Nasotracheal intubation

A needle or surgical cricothyrotomy

Pharmacologically assisted intubation

Digital intubation

Applying direct pressure to the globe

Irrigating the eye with sterile saline solution

Covering both eyes to minimize further injury

Applying a cold compress to the eyeball

Most likely has a concomitant basilar skull fracture

Should have ice applied to the eyes to prevent blindness

Has discoordination between the movements of both eyes

Should be treated by irrigating both eyes for 20 minutes

10

15

20

30

Commonly results in permanent hearing loss

Is characterized by CSF leakage from the ears

Commonly leads to an infection of the middle ear

Is extremely painful but typically heals spontaneously

Malocclusion

Intraoral infection

Permanent tooth loss

Airway compromise

A cricothyrotomy may be required to establish a patent airway

It should be removed in case the airway becomes compromised

You should stabilize the object in place, regardless of its location

It should be shortened to facilitate proper airway management

Apply a cervical collar and perform intubation immediately

Ventilate the patient with an oxygen powered ventilation device

Give oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and apply a pulse oximeter

Secure manual in-line stabilization of the cspine, assist ventilations with a BVM, and prepare to intubate

An epidural hematoma

Trauma to the brain

Airway compromise

Spinal cord transection

Depressed fracture

Open fracture

Basilar fracture

Nondisplaced fracture

The anterior portion of the brain sustains stretching or tearing injuries and the posterior portion of the brain sustains compression injuries

The head falls back against the headrest or seat and the brain collides with the rear of the skull, resulting in direct injury to the occipital lobe

The brain initially strikes the rear of the skull, resulting in direct bruising, and then rebounds and strikes the front part of the skull

Compression injuries occur to the anterior portion of the brain and stretching or tearing injuries occur to the posterior portion of the brain

Reflex bradycardia that occurs secondary to systemic hypertension

An increase in mean arterial pressure to maintain cerebral blood flow

The forcing of CSF into the spinal cord as intracranial pressure increases

A decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure that reduces intracranial pressure

Flexion of the arms and extension of the legs

Inward flexion of the wrists and flexed knees

Extension of the arms and extension of the legs

Pulling in of the arms toward the core of the body

Rapidly increasing ICP

An underlying skull fracture

A fluctuating level of consciousness

Unilateral hemiparesis or slurred speech

Are less than 2 years of age

Have alcoholism

Are prone to hypoglycemia

Have high cholesterol

Initial GSC score

Blood pressure

Level of consciousness

Response to verbal stimuli

Rapid transportation to a trauma center

Public education and prevention strategies

Minimizing scene time to 10 minutes or less

Routine use of spinal motion restriction precautions

Is the major structural component of the axial skeleton

Is comprised of irregular bones that are all fused together

Consists of 23 bones articulating to form the spinal column

Provides support and strength for the appendicular skeleton

Cervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

Coccygeal

Calcify and become more rigid

Enlarge and result in increased height

Are not able to protect the spinal cord

Lose water content and become thinner

Vagus nerve, spinal cord

Spinal cord, foramen magnum

Brain stem, verebral foramen

Medullar, cauda equina

Positive cardiac inotropy

Positive cardiac chronotropy

Vascular smooth muscle contraction

Relaxation of bronchiole smooth muscle

A direct blow to the occipital region of the skull

Rapid acceleration following a motor vehicle crash

Axial loading after a patient falls and lands feet first

A significant fall in which the patient lands head first

From progressive swelling

At the moment of impact

From penetrating mechanisms

Within 24 hours of the injury

Results in quadriplegia but the patient usually retains his or her ability to breathe spontaneously

Is not compatible with life and results in immediate death due to cardiopulmonary failure

Will result in permanent loss of all cord mediated functions below the level of the injury

Results in neurologic dysfunction that is considered to be permanent if it lasts longer than 24 hours

Bradycardia

Flushed skin

Diaphoresis

Hypothermia

Diaphragm

Pelvis

Umbilicus

Clavicles

C1-c2

C3-c4

T1-t4

T2-t5

Indicate a complete spinal cord injury

Require you to repeat the initial assessment

Should be documented and monitored

Must be reported to the hospital at once

Pressure lesion development

Compression of the vena cava

Increased intracranial pressure

Patient discomfort and frustration

Contact medical control to determine if spinal immobilization is needed

Assume that a spine injury exists, regardless of the neurologic findings

Apply a cervical collar and transport the patient in a position of comfort

Fully immobilize the spine only if gross neurological deficits are present

Slide the patient onto the backboard

Use the four person log roll technique

Log roll the patient away from you

Apply the KED first

You have placed padding under the shoulders

His or her torso has been secured adequately

Both of the legs are secured to the board properly

A vest style immobilization device has been applied

Apply an appropriately size cervical collar

Perform a rapid assessment to detect life threats

Assess distal pulse and sensory and motor function

Carefully place the vest device behind the patient

While still standing position

After the board is placed on the stretcher

After a cervical collar has been applied

After he or she is lowered to the ground

The patient complains of severe neck pain and the helmet fits snugly

You are going to transport the patient to a medical treatment facility

The patient is breathing shallowly and access to the airway is difficult

You are properly trained in the technique, even if you are by yourself

Applying ice to the burn to provide immediate pain relief

Applying cool, wet dressings to the burn and elevate his arm

Starting an IV of normal saline and administering 2 mg of morphine

Administering oxygen and applying an anesthetic cream to the burn

You should assist the child's ventilations and prepare to intubate his trachea

An IV should be established and you should administer a 20 mL/kg bolus of D5W

The child may be hypoglycemic and require assessment of his blood glucose level

It is likely that this child's burn was intentionally inflicted and you should report it

Remove his clothing, brush as much of the lime off him as possible, and flush the affected areas with copious amounts of water

Avoid brushing any of the lime from his skin as this may cause additional injury and flush his entire body with water for 30 minutes

Remove his clothing, carefully brush the lime away from his skin, but avoid flushing with water as this will likely increase burn severity

Remove all of his clothing, apply baking powder to neutralize the lime, and begin flushing his body with copious amounts of sterile saline

Tetanus

Meningitis

A viral infection

A staph infection

Immediately gain access to the patient

Apply gloves, a gown, and facial protection

Determine if air medical transport is available

Carefully assess the scene for safety hazards

Apply firm manual pressure to the hematoma to reduce internal bleeding

Place him in a sitting position and apply a chemical heat pack to his head

Apply an icepack to the hematoma and monitor his level of consciousness

Start an IV of normal saline and administer 2 mg of morphine for the pain

Apply supplemental oxygen and keep her warm

Elevate her extremity above the level of the heart

Apply direct pressure dressing and start a large bore IV

Locate and apply digital pressure to the brachial artery

Protect his spine, insert a nasal airway, assist ventilations with a BVM and 100% O2. keep him warm and elevate his legs, transport at once, and establish vascular access en route to a trauma center

Perform immediate endotracheal intubation, apply a cervical collar, establish two large bore IV lines and give a fluid bolus at the scene, apply warm blankets, and transport expeditiously to a trauma center

Apply high flow oxygen via nonrebreathing mask, apply blankets, elevate his lower extremities 12 inches, insert bilateral intraosseous catheters, deliver a 500mL fluid bolus, and begin transport to a trauma center

Insert an oral airway, hyperventilate him with a BVM at 24 breaths/min, keep him warm and elevate his legs, transport at once, and establish at least one large bore IV line of normal saline while en route to a trauma center

Administering high flow oxygen via nonrebreathing mask, monitoring his cardiac rhythm, starting a large bore IV and giving a 20 ml/kg crystalloid bolus, initiating transport and infusing dopamine at 10-20 mcg/kg/min while en route to the closest facility

Applying a CPAP device, monitoring his cardiac rhythm for dysrhythmias, establishing IV or IO access at the scene, administering a 500 mL crystalloid bolus, initiating transport, and administering atropine en route to prevent bradycardia

Hyperventilating him with a BVM device for 2-3 minutes, intubating his trachea, establishing vascular access, administering prophylactic amiodarone to prevent ventricular dysrhythmias, and transporting him while infusing crystalloid fluid boluses en route to the hospital

Assisting his ventilations, applying a cardiac monitor, intubating if necessary, auscultating his lungs, transporting at once, establishing vascular access en route, administering a 200 mL crystalloid bolus if his lungs are clear and considering a dopamine infusion

Apply high flow oxygen, attempt transcutaneous pacing to increase his heart rate, apply spinal motion restriction precautions, establish vascular access and administer a crystalloid bolus of 10-20 mL/kg, begin transport, and infuse dopamine at 2 mcg/kg/min en route

Consider immediate intubation to protect his airway, apply spinal motion restriction precautions, apply warm blankets, begin transport, establish IV or IO access en route, and administer up to 4 liters of normal saline or lactated Ringer's solution to increase his BP and improve perfusion

Assist ventilations as needed, apply spinal motion restriction precatutions, keep him warm, begin transport, establish vascular access en route, administer crystalloid boluses in 200 mL increments, consider atropine for his bradycardia, and infuse dopamine if his blood pressure is refractory to fluid boluses.

Provide ventilatory assistance with a BVM device, establish immediate vascular access and infuse normal saline wide open, apply spinal motion restrictions, administer 1 mg of atropine to increase his heart rate above 60 beats/min, begin transport, and perform transcutaneous pacing en route if he remains bradycardic