Parasitology Feb 2011

T.solium and T. saginata are the two members of the Taenia genus that are clinically significant to humans. T.solium is commonly known as the pork tapeworm and can cause a condition called cysticercosis when its larvae infect human tissues. On the other hand, T. saginata, also known as the beef tapeworm, can cause a condition called taeniasis when humans consume undercooked beef infected with its larvae. Therefore, T. saginata is the correct answer as it is the other member of the Taenia genus that is of clinical significance to humans.

T. saginata is a tapeworm that is commonly associated with undercooked or raw beef. Consuming beef that is not properly cooked can lead to the ingestion of the tapeworm larvae, which can then develop into adult tapeworms in the human intestines. J.J. Thomson, on the other hand, was a physicist who made significant contributions to the understanding of atomic structure, but he is not associated with T. saginata or undercooked beef.

The correct answer is "small" because in the taenia species, the scolex attachment occurs in the small intestine, where maturation into an adult worm occurs.

Diphyllobothrium latum typically has only one adult worm present in the host. This means that the parasite does not commonly exist in multiple numbers within the host's body.

The correct answer is "four, 4". This is because scolices of H.nana, which are the head-like structures of the tapeworm, contain four suckers. Additionally, the short rostellum, which is a protrusion on the head, is armed with one row of hooks.

The word "intermediate" fits in the blank because it refers to a host that is not essential for the life cycle of H. nana, but it can still harbor the parasite. The sentence suggests that while H. nana does not require a specific host, it can be found in various other animal transport hosts such as fleas, beetles, rats, and house mice. Therefore, "intermediate" accurately describes the role of these hosts in the life cycle of H. nana.

T. solium is a parasite known as the pork tapeworm. It is commonly found in undercooked or raw pork. Consuming pork that is not properly cooked can lead to an infection with T. solium, which can cause various health problems in humans. Therefore, it is important to ensure that pork is cooked thoroughly to prevent the transmission of this parasite.

When most people are infected with Taenia species, they do not show any symptoms of the infection. Therefore, they remain asymptomatic.

Hymenolepsis has three pairs of hooklets and a hexacanth embryo are present.

The correct answer is 30 or thirty. This indicates that T. saginata has a specific number of lateral uterine branches in each gravid proglottid, which is 30. The term "thirty" is used as an alternative way to express the numerical value of 30.

Hymenolepsis Nana is commonly referred to as the dwarf tapeworm.

The correct answer is "rat". Hymenolepsis Diminuta is a type of tapeworm that is commonly found in rats. It is also known as the rat tapeworm. The other options provided in the question are not related to Hymenolepsis Diminuta.

The eggs of D. latum consist of a coracidium surrounded by a smooth yellow to brown shell. This is supported by the answer option "yellow,ii,i,iii" which states that the shell is yellow and the order of the options suggests that the correct sequence is ii, i, iii.

Stool is the specimen of choice for the recovery of Taenia species. This is because Taenia species are intestinal parasites that reside in the human digestive system. Stool samples are commonly used in diagnostic tests to detect the presence of parasites or their eggs. By examining the stool sample under a microscope, the eggs or segments of the Taenia species can be identified, allowing for proper diagnosis and treatment.

The scolex of T. saginata, a tapeworm, contains only four suckers.

Most cestodes are typically found in the intestines, but Echinococcus granulosus is an exception to this rule. It is a species that infects the intestinal tissues instead of the intestines.

Diphyllobothrium latum is commonly referred to as the "broad" fish tapeworm.

H.nana eggs contain three pairs of hooklets and a hexacanth embryo. This means that each egg of H.nana, a species of tapeworm, has three sets of hooklets and a six-hooked embryo. The hooklets are used by the parasite to attach itself to the intestinal wall of the host, while the hexacanth embryo is the larval stage of the tapeworm. The presence of three pairs of hooklets and a hexacanth embryo is a characteristic feature of H.nana eggs.

To speciate Taenia species in the lab, a gravid proglottid or scolex must be recovered and examined. The scolex is the anterior end of the tapeworm, which contains specialized structures such as suckers and hooks that allow it to attach to the host's intestinal wall. By examining the scolex, scientists can identify specific characteristics unique to each Taenia species, helping them differentiate between different species of tapeworms.

The correct answer is "scolex." The scolex is the head of the Diphyllobothrium latum, a type of tapeworm. It is almond-shaped and has two long, prominent sucking grooves. The scolex is responsible for attaching the tapeworm to the intestinal wall of its host.

The diphyllobothrium latum scolex contains two long, prominent sucking grooves.

The Taneia species egg contains a hexacanth embryo, which means it has six hooklets. The answer states that there are three pairs of hooklets, which means there are a total of six hooklets.

T. solium is a tapeworm that has a gravid proglottid, which is a mature segment of the worm that contains eggs. The number of lateral uterine branches in the gravid proglottid of T. solium is 7. This means that there are 7 branches that connect to the uterus within this segment of the tapeworm. Another way to express this number is by using the word "seven".

In Hymenolepsis Nana, the adult worm resides in the intestine. This is because Hymenolepsis Nana is a parasitic tapeworm that primarily infects the small intestine of its host. It attaches itself to the intestinal wall and absorbs nutrients from the host's digested food. Therefore, the correct answer is "intestine."

In H. diminuta, polar thickenings are present, which refers to the thickened regions at the poles of the organism. However, polar filaments are absent in this species. Polar filaments are thin, thread-like structures that extend from the polar thickenings and are found in certain other organisms. Since the question states that polar filaments are absent in H. diminuta, it implies that this species lacks these specific structures.

Cysticercosis is a condition associated with T. solium that humans can contract. It is caused by the ingestion of eggs from the tapeworm, which then develop into larvae and form cysts in various tissues of the body, including the muscles, brain, and eyes. This condition can lead to a range of symptoms, depending on the location of the cysts, and can be potentially life-threatening if the larvae migrate to the central nervous system. Therefore, cysticercosis is the correct answer to the question.

The gravid proglottids of Diphyllobothrium latum contain a centrally located uterine structure that has a rosette formation. This means that the uterine structure is arranged in a circular or flower-like pattern, with multiple branches or lobes radiating from a central point. This arrangement allows for the production and release of a large number of eggs, which is characteristic of Diphyllobothrium latum, a tapeworm that can grow up to 10 meters in length and infect humans through the consumption of raw or undercooked fish.

In the context of Hymenolepsis, gravid proglottids refer to the segments of the tapeworm that are filled with eggs. When these gravid proglottids disintegrate, they release a large number of eggs. This is a characteristic feature of the life cycle of Hymenolepsis, where the eggs are released into the environment to infect new hosts and continue the life cycle of the tapeworm.

H. nana, also known as Hymenolepsis Nana, is considered to be the most common tapeworm recovered in the U.S.

The correct answer is 85, eighty-five, or eighty five. This indicates the size of the eggs of H. diminuta, which measure 55 um in one dimension.

T. solium is referred to as the "armed" tapeworm because it possesses a crown of hooks. These hooks are used by the tapeworm to attach itself to the intestinal wall of its host, enabling it to obtain nutrients and survive. The term "armed" accurately describes this characteristic of T. solium, highlighting its ability to defend itself and secure its position within the host's body.

The eggs of Taenia are identical or the same because they have the same structure, characteristics, and genetic makeup. This means that all Taenia eggs look and function in the same way, regardless of the individual Taenia species or the host they come from. This uniformity in the eggs allows for easier identification and diagnosis of Taenia infections.

The correct answer is "almond" because the Diphyllobothrium latum scolex, which is the head of the tapeworm, is shaped like an almond. This shape is characteristic of the scolex of Diphyllobothrium latum, allowing it to attach to the intestinal wall of its host.

In H. diminuta, proglottids are typically not found in stool because they usually disintegrate in the human intestines. The scolex, which is the head of the tapeworm, is rarely seen.

Nana eggs have a colorless shell, which means that the shell lacks any pigmentation or coloration. This lack of color is important because it allows light to pass through the shell, enabling the observation of the polar thickenings that contain polar filaments. The colorless shell allows for better visibility and study of the internal structures of the egg.

T. solium, which refers to the tapeworm species Taenia solium, is known to have four suckers and a central crown of hooks. The term "crown" in this context refers to a structure located at the anterior end of the tapeworm, which is equipped with hooks. These hooks are used by the tapeworm to attach itself to the intestinal wall of its host. Thus, the correct answer is "crown."

The eggs of Taenia species are roundish and have a size range of 35 - 45 um.

Diphyllobothrium latum worms can grow up to 20 meters. This is also represented as "twenty" in word form.

The Diphyllobothrium latum egg is described as oblong in shape. "Oblong" refers to a shape that is longer in one direction than in the other, with straight sides and rounded ends. Therefore, this suggests that the egg of Diphyllobothrium latum is elongated and has rounded ends.

People living in close quarters, such as those in institutions and children attending nursery school are at particularly high risk for contracting H. nana infections. H. nana, also known as Hymenolepsis nana, is a species of tapeworm that commonly infects humans. It is transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated food or water, and close contact with infected individuals can facilitate its spread. Due to the close proximity and shared living spaces in institutions and nursery schools, the risk of transmission is increased, making individuals in these settings more susceptible to H. nana infections.

H. diminuta is a tapeworm that primarily infects rodents, but it can also infect humans. The term "zoonotic" refers to diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans. In this context, the correct answer suggests that human infection with H. diminuta is accidental and occurs when humans come into contact with infected rodents or consume contaminated food or water.

Nana Eggs are fifty in size, which is equivalent to 50. The word "fifty" is a numerical representation of the size of Nana Eggs, specifically 30 um.

The Diphyllobothrium latum egg measures 75 um by 45 um. A small but distinct knob extends from the opposite end of the egg.

The correct answer is "racemose." In Cysticercosis, the eggs lose their outer covering and the onchosphere hatches to form larvae. These larvae can migrate and form cysticercus bladder in any organ or nervous tissue. If the migration occurs in the brain, it can be fatal. The term "racemose" refers to the specific form of migration that occurs in the brain.