Peripheral Vascular Disease
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PVD Moira content
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Maria has PVD. If Maria has cool skin with no edema, what type of PVD does she have?
- A.
Chronic arterial PVD
- B.
Acute arterial PVD
- C.
Chronis venous PVD
- D.
Acute arterial PVD
Correct Answer
A. Chronic arterial PVDExplanation
Maria has cool skin with no edema, which are characteristic symptoms of chronic arterial PVD. This condition occurs when there is a buildup of plaque in the arteries, leading to reduced blood flow to the extremities. The cool skin indicates poor circulation, while the absence of edema suggests that there is no fluid accumulation due to venous insufficiency. Therefore, Maria's symptoms align with chronic arterial PVD.Rate this question:
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- 2.
In acute PVD you would expect to see what?
- A.
Full arterial
- B.
Collapsed arterial
- C.
Full venous
- D.
Collapsed venous
Correct Answer(s)
B. Collapsed arterial
C. Full venousExplanation
In acute peripheral vascular disease (PVD), there is a narrowing or blockage of the blood vessels that supply the extremities. This can lead to decreased blood flow and oxygen supply to the tissues. In this condition, the arterial vessels supplying the affected area may collapse due to the reduced blood flow, resulting in a collapsed arterial appearance. On the other hand, the venous vessels may become engorged with blood due to impaired venous return, leading to a full venous appearance.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Matt has PVD. The nurse shows an understanding of PVD when the nurse states:
- A.
In PVD, skin temperature is not important.
- B.
Do not elevate lower limb positioning for arterial PVD
- C.
No hair on lower legs with venous PVD
- D.
Elevate lower limb positioning for venous PVD
Correct Answer(s)
B. Do not elevate lower limb positioning for arterial PVD
D. Elevate lower limb positioning for venous PVDExplanation
The correct answer is "Do not elevate lower limb positioning for arterial PVD, Elevate lower limb positioning for venous PVD." This answer demonstrates an understanding of the different approaches to managing arterial and venous PVD. Arterial PVD involves reduced blood flow to the extremities, so elevating the lower limbs can further impede blood flow and should be avoided. In contrast, venous PVD involves impaired venous return, and elevating the lower limbs can help improve blood flow back to the heart.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Amy is being assessed for PVD. Upon her assessment, the nurse finds that Amy has ulceration around her hips, he legs show no edema, she has severe pain, and has no pedal pulse. What would the nurse take away from this assessment?
- A.
Venous PVD
- B.
Arterial PVD
Correct Answer
B. Arterial PVDExplanation
Based on the assessment findings, the nurse can conclude that Amy is likely experiencing arterial peripheral vascular disease (PVD). The presence of ulceration around the hips, severe pain, and the absence of pedal pulse are all characteristic of arterial PVD. Additionally, the lack of edema in her legs further supports this diagnosis, as edema is more commonly associated with venous PVD.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Barry is being assessed for PVD. He complains of aching pain. His skin feels warm and there is edema present. He has a pedal pulse. His skin feels thick and dry. What would his s/s indicate?
- A.
Acute venous PVD
- B.
Chronic arterial PVD
- C.
Chronic venous PVD
- D.
Acute arterial PVD
Correct Answer
C. Chronic venous PVDExplanation
Based on the given symptoms, Barry's skin feeling warm, the presence of edema, and the thick and dry skin indicate chronic venous PVD. Chronic venous PVD is characterized by impaired blood flow in the veins, leading to symptoms such as swelling, skin changes, and pain.Rate this question:
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- 6.
PVD often affects the blood flow usually where?
- A.
Arms
- B.
Legs
- C.
Heart
- D.
Kidney
Correct Answer
B. LegsExplanation
PVD, or peripheral vascular disease, commonly affects the blood flow in the legs. This condition occurs when there is a narrowing or blockage of the blood vessels that supply blood to the legs. As a result, the legs may experience symptoms such as pain, cramping, weakness, or numbness. Proper diagnosis and treatment are necessary to manage PVD and improve blood flow to the legs.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The majority of people over 65 have PVD?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
10% have PVD over 65.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Atheroscierosis is when what is accumulated inside blood vessels?
- A.
Lipids
- B.
Platelets
- C.
Reticulocytes
- D.
Na
Correct Answer
A. LipidsExplanation
Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the accumulation of lipids inside blood vessels. These lipids, such as cholesterol and triglycerides, form plaques that can narrow and harden the arteries, leading to reduced blood flow and potential complications such as heart attacks and strokes. The accumulation of platelets or reticulocytes inside blood vessels is not associated with atherosclerosis. Na (sodium) is not relevant to the development of this condition.Rate this question:
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- 9.
PVD can be most modified by:
- A.
Taking medication
- B.
Losing weight
- C.
Quitting smoking
- D.
Monitoring BP
Correct Answer
C. Quitting smokingExplanation
Quitting smoking can have the most significant impact on PVD (Peripheral Vascular Disease) because smoking is a major risk factor for this condition. Smoking damages blood vessels and reduces blood flow, which can worsen the symptoms of PVD. By quitting smoking, individuals can improve their vascular health, increase blood flow, and potentially slow down the progression of the disease.Rate this question:
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- 10.
A nurse understands they key symptom areas of PVD when the nurse includes: Tissue death, skin appearance and temperature, pulse changes, and:
- A.
Increase of BP
- B.
Vericose Veins
- C.
Increased WBC
- D.
Pain
Correct Answer
D. PainExplanation
When a nurse understands the key symptom areas of Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD), pain is one of the important symptoms to consider. Pain can occur due to reduced blood flow to the affected area, causing tissue ischemia. This pain may be experienced as cramping, aching, or a feeling of heaviness in the affected limb. Therefore, pain is a significant symptom to consider when assessing and managing patients with PVD.Rate this question:
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- 11.
A thrombus is a clot that forms in the vessel and occludes it. What is it called when the thrombus is dislodged and moved from one area to another?
- A.
Stroke
- B.
CHF
- C.
Embolus
- D.
COPD
Correct Answer
C. EmbolusExplanation
When a thrombus (clot) becomes dislodged and moves from its original location to another area, it is called an embolus. An embolus can travel through the bloodstream and block a blood vessel in a different part of the body, potentially causing serious complications depending on where it ends up. This can lead to conditions such as pulmonary embolism if the embolus reaches the lungs or stroke if it reaches the brain.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Darren has just completed a Plethysmorgraphy. His ABI has come back at 0.65. What does this indicate?
- A.
Mild vascular insufficiency
- B.
Claudation
- C.
Pain at rest
- D.
Preganrenous
Correct Answer
B. ClaudationExplanation
A Plethysmorgraphy is a test used to measure blood flow in the arteries of the legs. ABI stands for Ankle-Brachial Index, which is a ratio of the blood pressure at the ankle to the blood pressure in the arm. An ABI of 0.65 indicates claudication, which is a condition characterized by pain or cramping in the legs during physical activity. This suggests that there may be a blockage or narrowing of the arteries in the legs, causing reduced blood flow and oxygen supply to the muscles.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Keith is having a photoelectric test down to detect PVD. When educating Keith about the process, the nurse would include:
- A.
A conscious block will be used
- B.
This measures the MAP
- C.
Measures finger and toe pulses commonly
- D.
Pain management and medication for after procedure
Correct Answer
C. Measures finger and toe pulses commonlyExplanation
The correct answer is "Measures finger and toe pulses commonly." During a photoelectric test to detect PVD (Peripheral Vascular Disease), measuring finger and toe pulses is a common procedure. This is done to assess the blood flow and circulation in the extremities, which can indicate the presence of PVD. By measuring the pulses in the fingers and toes, the nurse can evaluate the effectiveness of blood flow and identify any abnormalities or blockages in the blood vessels. This information is important for diagnosing and managing PVD.Rate this question:
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- 14.
This is an examination using sound waves, thich go through tissue and strike the RBCs and bounce back. It evaluates blood flow and can locate a thrombus.
- A.
Photoelectric
- B.
Xray
- C.
Radionuclide Study
- D.
Ultrasound
Correct Answer
D. UltrasoundExplanation
Ultrasound is the correct answer because it uses sound waves to evaluate blood flow and locate a thrombus. Unlike X-rays or radionuclide studies, ultrasound does not use ionizing radiation, making it a safer option. Additionally, ultrasound can penetrate through tissue and bounce back from red blood cells, allowing for the visualization of blood flow. Therefore, ultrasound is a commonly used imaging technique in medical settings to assess various conditions and abnormalities.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Examples of venous insufficiency would be:
- A.
DVT
- B.
Thrombophlebitis
- C.
Varicose veins
- D.
All the above
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
D. All the aboveExplanation
The correct answer is "all the above". Venous insufficiency refers to a condition in which the veins in the legs have difficulty returning blood back to the heart. DVT (deep vein thrombosis) is a blood clot that forms in a deep vein, thrombophlebitis is inflammation of a vein due to a blood clot, and varicose veins are swollen and twisted veins. All three conditions are examples of venous insufficiency.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Women who use oral contraceptives should be educated about:
- A.
Venous insufficiency
- B.
Arterial insufficiency
Correct Answer
A. Venous insufficiencyExplanation
Women who use oral contraceptives should be educated about venous insufficiency. This is because oral contraceptives can increase the risk of developing blood clots, which can lead to venous insufficiency. Venous insufficiency occurs when the veins in the legs are unable to properly return blood to the heart, causing blood to pool in the legs. Symptoms of venous insufficiency include swelling, pain, and varicose veins. By educating women about venous insufficiency, they can take necessary precautions and seek medical attention if they experience any symptoms, reducing the risk of complications.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which medication is used to inactivate thromboplastin?
- A.
Heparin
- B.
Warfarin
- C.
Diazepam
- D.
Streptokinase
Correct Answer
A. HeparinExplanation
Heparin is a medication that is used to inactivate thromboplastin. Thromboplastin is a protein involved in the clotting process, and heparin works by binding to and inhibiting thromboplastin, preventing the formation of blood clots. Warfarin is another medication used to prevent blood clotting, but it works by inhibiting the production of certain clotting factors rather than directly inactivating thromboplastin. Diazepam is a medication used to treat anxiety and muscle spasms, and Streptokinase is a medication used to dissolve blood clots.Rate this question:
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- 18.
A pt is on heparin therapy in the hospital. What lab would a nurse expect to see done daily?
- A.
PTT
- B.
PT/INR
- C.
CBC
- D.
Sed Rate
Correct Answer
A. PTTExplanation
A nurse would expect to see the lab test for PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time) done daily for a patient on heparin therapy. This test measures the time it takes for blood to clot and helps monitor the effectiveness and safety of heparin treatment. By monitoring the PTT levels, the nurse can ensure that the patient is receiving the appropriate dosage of heparin and that their blood is clotting within the desired range.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Warfarin is used commonly in pts. How does Warfarin work?
- A.
Inactivates thromboplastin
- B.
Inhibits activity of Vit K and prolongs clotting
- C.
Relaxation and stress reductioin
- D.
Moves free water to the kidney
Correct Answer
B. Inhibits activity of Vit K and prolongs clottingExplanation
Warfarin works by inhibiting the activity of vitamin K, which is necessary for the production of certain clotting factors in the blood. By doing so, it prolongs the clotting time and prevents the formation of blood clots. This is why warfarin is commonly used in patients to prevent or treat conditions such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Streptokinase is used in pt for:
- A.
Inactivate thromboplastin
- B.
Inhibits Vit K
- C.
Reduces stres
- D.
Dissolve clots forming
Correct Answer
D. Dissolve clots formingExplanation
Streptokinase is used in patients to dissolve clots that are forming. It works by activating plasminogen, which then converts to plasmin. Plasmin is an enzyme that breaks down fibrin, the protein responsible for clot formation. By dissolving clots, streptokinase helps to restore blood flow and prevent further complications such as heart attacks or strokes.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Occlusive disease, aortic aneurysm, emboli, arteriospastic disease are either a cause or a symptom of blockage of arterial perfusion?
- A.
Cause
- B.
Symptom
Correct Answer
A. CauseExplanation
The conditions mentioned, such as occlusive disease, aortic aneurysm, emboli, and arteriospastic disease, are all known to cause blockage of arterial perfusion. They can lead to the narrowing or complete blockage of the arteries, resulting in reduced or interrupted blood flow to the affected area. Therefore, these conditions act as causes of arterial perfusion blockage rather than symptoms.Rate this question:
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- 22.
A pt has a thrombus in their calf. What would you expect to see in the pt?
- A.
No pain
- B.
Pallor
- C.
Absent pulsation beyond embolus
- D.
Polikilothermia
- E.
B,C, D
Correct Answer
E. B,C, DExplanation
If a patient has a thrombus in their calf, it is likely that they would experience pain as a common symptom. Pallor, which refers to paleness of the skin, may also be observed due to reduced blood flow beyond the site of the thrombus. Additionally, absent pulsation beyond the embolus can occur because the thrombus obstructs blood flow. Polikilothermia, which refers to the inability to regulate body temperature, is not directly related to a thrombus in the calf. Therefore, the expected findings in the patient would be pain, pallor, and absent pulsation beyond the embolus.Rate this question:
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- 23.
A pt has arterial insufficiency. What should the nurse not do?
- A.
Apply warm compresses
- B.
Apply cold compresses
- C.
Instruct the use of loose fitting clothing
- D.
Educate of the potential for burns
Correct Answer
B. Apply cold compressesExplanation
Applying cold compresses to a patient with arterial insufficiency can worsen the condition by further constricting the blood vessels and reducing blood flow to the affected area. This can lead to decreased oxygenation and tissue damage. Therefore, the nurse should not apply cold compresses to a patient with arterial insufficiency.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Arterial insufficiency is well treated by Heparin and Coumadin?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Arterial insufficiency is not well treated by Heparin and Coumadin. Heparin and Coumadin are anticoagulant medications that are primarily used to prevent and treat blood clots in veins, not arteries. Arterial insufficiency is caused by a lack of blood flow through the arteries, often due to atherosclerosis or blockages, and requires different treatment approaches such as lifestyle changes, medication to improve blood flow, and in some cases, surgical interventions. Therefore, the statement is false.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Nifedipine has which of the following side effects?
- A.
Facial flushing
- B.
Reflex tachycardia
- C.
Sweating
- D.
None of the above
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the aboveExplanation
Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker commonly used to treat high blood pressure and angina. It works by relaxing and widening the blood vessels, which can cause facial flushing due to increased blood flow to the face. Additionally, nifedipine can cause reflex tachycardia, an increase in heart rate as a compensatory response to the drop in blood pressure. Sweating can also occur as a result of the vasodilation caused by nifedipine. Therefore, all of the listed side effects (facial flushing, reflex tachycardia, sweating) can occur with the use of nifedipine.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Tolazodine has which of the following side effects
- A.
Ulcer
- B.
Head ache
- C.
Agranulocytis
- D.
All the above
Correct Answer(s)
A. Ulcer
C. AgranulocytisExplanation
Tolazodine is known to have side effects such as ulcer and agranulocytis. Ulcers refer to open sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or small intestine, causing pain and discomfort. Agranulocytis is a condition characterized by a severe decrease in the number of white blood cells, which can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of infections. Therefore, the correct answer is ulcer and agranulocytis.Rate this question:
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Current Version
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Jan 14, 2009Quiz Created by
Rossj
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