Pharm Tech Chapter 10 (Basic Biopharmaceutics)
(167).jpg "Pharm Tech Chapter 10 (Basic Biopharmaceutics) - Quiz")
How drugs work, concentration & effect, ADME Processes & diffusion, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, bioequivalence
Questions and Answers
- 1.
The subtstantial degradtion of an orally administered drug caused by enzyme metabolism in the liver before the drug reaches the systemic circulation.
- A.
First-pass metabolism
- B.
Dispostion
- C.
Antagonist
- D.
Hydrophilic
Correct Answer
A. First-pass metabolismExplanation
First-pass metabolism refers to the degradation of a drug by enzymes in the liver before it enters the systemic circulation. This process can significantly reduce the concentration and effectiveness of an orally administered drug. Therefore, it is important to consider first-pass metabolism when designing drug formulations or determining dosage regimens to ensure optimal drug delivery and therapeutic outcomes.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The increase in hepatic enzyme activity that results in greater metabolism of drugs
- A.
Bioavailability
- B.
Elimination
- C.
Enzyme
- D.
Enzyme induction
Correct Answer
D. Enzyme inductionExplanation
Enzyme induction refers to the process in which the activity of hepatic enzymes is increased, leading to a greater metabolism of drugs. This can result in a decrease in the bioavailability of the drugs, as they are metabolized more rapidly and may not reach therapeutic levels in the body. Additionally, enzyme induction can also lead to increased drug elimination, as the drugs are metabolized and eliminated from the body at a faster rate.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The study of the factors associated with drug products and physiological processes, and the resulting systemic concentration of drugs.
- A.
Disposition
- B.
Complexation
- C.
Biopharmaceutics
- D.
Bioavailability
Correct Answer
C. BiopHarmaceuticsExplanation
Biopharmaceutics refers to the study of the factors associated with drug products and physiological processes, and how they affect the systemic concentration of drugs. This field encompasses various aspects such as drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. It focuses on understanding how the properties of drug formulations and the physiological characteristics of individuals influence the availability and effectiveness of drugs in the body. Therefore, biopharmaceutics plays a crucial role in optimizing drug therapy and ensuring that drugs are delivered to the intended site of action in the desired concentration.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The comparison of bioavailability between two dosage forms.
- A.
Bioequivalency
- B.
Bioavailablity
- C.
Biopharmaceutics
- D.
Biological
Correct Answer
A. BioequivalencyExplanation
The term "bioequivalency" refers to the comparison of the bioavailability of two dosage forms. Bioavailability is the rate and extent to which an active drug ingredient is absorbed and becomes available at the site of action. Therefore, bioequivalency is important in determining whether two different dosage forms of a drug produce similar levels of the active ingredient in the bloodstream. This is crucial for ensuring that different formulations of a drug can be used interchangeably, without any significant differences in therapeutic effect.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The relative amount of an administered dose that reaches the general circulation and the rate at which this occurs
- A.
Biological
- B.
Bioavailability
- C.
Biopharmaceutics
- D.
Bioequivalency
Correct Answer
B. BioavailabilityExplanation
Bioavailability refers to the relative amount of a drug that reaches the general circulation after it is administered, as well as the rate at which this occurs. It is a measure of the drug's ability to be absorbed and become available for therapeutic action. In other words, bioavailability determines how much of the administered dose actually becomes active in the body. This concept is important in pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences as it helps in understanding and comparing the effectiveness of different drug formulations or routes of administration.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Water repelling; cannot associate with water
- A.
Hydrophilic
- B.
Hydrophobic
- C.
Hydraulic
- D.
Hydrogen
Correct Answer
B. HydropHobicExplanation
Hydrophobic substances are water-repelling and cannot associate with water. This means that they do not dissolve or mix with water. The term "hydrophobic" comes from the Greek words "hydro" meaning water and "phobos" meaning fear. Hydrophobic substances are typically nonpolar or have nonpolar regions, which makes them unable to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. Instead, they tend to cluster together and exclude water, forming droplets or separate phases in the presence of water.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Capable of associating with or absorbing water
- A.
Hydrophilic
- B.
Hydrophobic
- C.
Hydrologic
- D.
Hydraulic
Correct Answer
A. HydropHilicExplanation
Hydrophilic refers to the property of a substance to be capable of associating with or absorbing water. This term is commonly used in chemistry and biology to describe molecules or materials that have an affinity for water and can easily dissolve or mix with it. Hydrophilic substances are polar or have polar groups that can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, allowing them to be readily wetted or dissolved. This is in contrast to hydrophobic substances, which repel or do not mix well with water.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The blood filitering process of the nephron
- A.
Glomerular filtration
- B.
Disposition
- C.
Complexation
- D.
Enzyme
Correct Answer
A. Glomerular filtrationExplanation
The correct answer is glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the process by which blood is filtered in the nephron. It occurs in the glomerulus, a network of capillaries in the kidney. During glomerular filtration, blood pressure forces water, ions, and small molecules out of the glomerulus and into the renal tubule. This process is important for the formation of urine and the removal of waste products from the body.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The time a drug will stay in the stomach before it is emptied into the small intestine
- A.
Glomerular filtration
- B.
Gastric emptying time
- C.
Disposition
- D.
Agonist
Correct Answer
B. Gastric emptying timeExplanation
The gastric emptying time refers to the duration it takes for a drug to be emptied from the stomach into the small intestine. This process is important because it determines how quickly the drug will be absorbed into the bloodstream and distributed throughout the body. Therefore, understanding the gastric emptying time is crucial in predicting the onset and duration of drug action.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The decrease in hepatic enzyme activity that resutls in reduced metabolism of drugs
- A.
First-pass metabolism
- B.
Hydrophilic
- C.
Gastric emptying time
- D.
Enzyme inhibition
Correct Answer
D. Enzyme inhibitionExplanation
Enzyme inhibition refers to the process where a substance or drug inhibits the activity of enzymes in the liver, leading to a decrease in hepatic enzyme activity. This reduction in enzyme activity results in a reduced metabolism of drugs, as enzymes play a crucial role in breaking down and metabolizing drugs in the body. Consequently, when enzyme inhibition occurs, the metabolism of drugs slows down, leading to their accumulation in the body and potentially causing adverse effects or altered drug responses.Rate this question:
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- 11.
A complex protien that catalyzes chemical reactions
- A.
Enzyme
- B.
Enzyme induction
- C.
Enzyme inhibition
- D.
Enzymes from fruit
Correct Answer
A. EnzymeExplanation
Enzymes are complex proteins that act as catalysts, meaning they speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. They achieve this by lowering the activation energy required for a reaction to occur. Enzymes are highly specific and can only catalyze specific reactions. They play a crucial role in various biological processes and are essential for the proper functioning of cells.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The transfer of drugs and their metabolites from the liver to the bile in the gall bladder, then into the intestine, and then back into circulation
- A.
Enzyme
- B.
Enterohepatic cycling
- C.
First-past metabolism
- D.
Glomerular filtration
Correct Answer
B. Enterohepatic cyclingExplanation
Enterohepatic cycling refers to the process of drugs and their metabolites being transferred from the liver to the bile in the gall bladder, then into the intestine, and finally back into circulation. This cycle allows for the reabsorption of drugs and their metabolites, leading to their prolonged presence in the body. Enzymes play a crucial role in this process by facilitating the breakdown and reabsorption of drugs in the intestine. Glomerular filtration, on the other hand, is the process by which drugs are filtered out of the blood by the kidneys. First-pass metabolism refers to the initial metabolism of drugs in the liver before they enter the systemic circulation.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The porcess of metabolism and excretion
- A.
Elimination
- B.
Disposition
- C.
Antagonists
- D.
Absorption
Correct Answer
A. EliminationExplanation
The term "elimination" refers to the process by which substances, such as drugs or waste products, are removed from the body. This process involves various mechanisms, including metabolism and excretion. Metabolism involves the chemical breakdown and transformation of substances, while excretion refers to the removal of these substances from the body through urine, feces, sweat, or breath. Therefore, elimination encompasses both the metabolic and excretory processes involved in getting rid of substances from the body.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The time the drug concentration is above the MEC.
- A.
Elimination
- B.
Dosposition
- C.
Duration of action
- D.
Absorption
Correct Answer
C. Duration of actionExplanation
The term "duration of action" refers to the length of time that a drug remains effective in producing its desired effects in the body. In this context, the answer "duration of action" suggests that the question is asking about the period during which the drug concentration in the body is above the minimum effective concentration (MEC). This implies that the drug is still active and able to produce its intended therapeutic effects. The other options, such as elimination, disposition, and absorption, are not directly related to the duration of action but rather refer to different processes involved in the pharmacokinetics of a drug.Rate this question:
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- 15.
A term sometimes used to refer to all the ADME processes together.
- A.
Complexation
- B.
Disposition
- C.
Enzyme inhibition
- D.
Enzyme
Correct Answer
B. DispositionExplanation
Disposition refers to the overall process of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug or substance in the body. It encompasses all the processes involved in how a drug is absorbed into the bloodstream, distributed to different tissues, metabolized by enzymes, and ultimately eliminated from the body. Therefore, disposition is a term sometimes used to refer to all the ADME processes together.Rate this question:
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- 16.
When different molecules associate or attach to each other
- A.
Biopharmaceutics
- B.
Elimination
- C.
Complexation
- D.
Bio hazzard
Correct Answer
C. ComplexationExplanation
Complexation refers to the process in which different molecules associate or attach to each other, forming a complex. This can occur through various interactions such as hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, or van der Waals forces. Complexation plays a significant role in biopharmaceutics, as it can affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of drugs in the body. Complexation can also be utilized in drug formulation to improve drug stability, solubility, and bioavailability. Therefore, complexation is the most suitable term among the given options to explain the phenomenon of different molecules associating or attaching to each other.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The movement of drugs from an area of the lower cconcentration to an area of higher concentration; requires cellular energy
- A.
Active transport
- B.
Absorption
- C.
Antagonist
- D.
Agonist
Correct Answer
A. Active transportExplanation
Active transport is the movement of substances, such as drugs, against their concentration gradient, from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. This process requires the use of cellular energy, usually in the form of ATP. Unlike passive transport, which does not require energy, active transport allows for the accumulation of substances in cells or across cell membranes, enabling the maintenance of concentration gradients necessary for various cellular processes.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The movement of drug from the dosage formulation to the blood
- A.
Absorption
- B.
Active transport
- C.
Hydrate
- D.
First-pass metabolism
Correct Answer
A. AbsorptionExplanation
The term "absorption" refers to the process by which a drug moves from its dosage formulation into the bloodstream. This process allows the drug to be distributed throughout the body and reach its target site of action. In contrast, "active transport" refers to the movement of a drug across a cell membrane with the help of a carrier protein, "hydrate" refers to a compound that has water molecules attached to it, and "first-pass metabolism" refers to the metabolism of a drug that occurs in the liver before it enters the systemic circulation.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Drugs that activiate receptors to accelerate or slow normal cellular fuction
- A.
Antagonist
- B.
Agonists
- C.
Disposition
- D.
Lipoidal
Correct Answer
B. AgonistsExplanation
Agonists are drugs that activate receptors to accelerate or slow normal cellular function. These drugs bind to specific receptors in the body and mimic the action of endogenous substances, such as neurotransmitters or hormones. By activating these receptors, agonists can enhance or inhibit the normal cellular processes regulated by these receptors. This can lead to various physiological effects, depending on the specific receptor and cellular function involved.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Drugs that bind with receptors but do not activate them
- A.
Agonists
- B.
Antagonist
- C.
Antiviral
- D.
Antibacteria
Correct Answer
B. AntagonistExplanation
An antagonist refers to drugs that bind with receptors but do not activate them. Unlike agonists, which activate receptors and produce a response, antagonists block the receptors and prevent other molecules from binding to them. This can be useful in medical treatments where certain receptors need to be blocked to inhibit specific physiological processes or counteract the effects of other drugs.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Fat like sustance
- A.
Grease
- B.
Chicken
- C.
Emulsion
- D.
Lipoidal
Correct Answer
D. LipoidalExplanation
The term "lipoidal" refers to a substance that is similar to or related to lipids, which are fatty substances. In this context, the correct answer "lipoidal" describes the nature of the substance being discussed. It implies that the substance being referred to has properties similar to those of fats, such as being soluble in fats or having a greasy texture.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The attachment of a drug molecule to a protien, effectively making the drug inactive
- A.
Metabolite
- B.
Metabolife
- C.
Protien binding
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Protien bindingExplanation
Protein binding refers to the attachment of a drug molecule to a protein, which can affect the drug's activity. When a drug molecule binds to a protein, it can become inactive and unable to exert its intended therapeutic effects. This binding can occur in various parts of the body, such as plasma proteins or receptors on cell surfaces. Therefore, protein binding plays a crucial role in determining the drug's distribution, metabolism, and elimination from the body.Rate this question:
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- 23.
The cellular materila which interacts with the drug
- A.
Selective (action)
- B.
Receptor
- C.
Selective (action)
- D.
Onset of action
Correct Answer
B. ReceptorExplanation
The correct answer is "receptor" because receptors are the cellular material that interacts with drugs. Receptors are proteins found on the surface of cells or within cells, and they bind to specific molecules, including drugs, to initiate a response. This interaction between drugs and receptors is crucial for the drugs to exert their desired effects in the body. By binding to receptors, drugs can either activate or inhibit certain cellular processes, leading to the desired therapeutic effects. Therefore, the receptor is the cellular material that plays a key role in mediating the action of drugs.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The movment of drugs from and area of higher concentration to lower concentration
- A.
Pharmaceutical alternative
- B.
Passive diffusion
- C.
Receptor
- D.
Site of action
Correct Answer
B. Passive diffusionExplanation
Passive diffusion refers to the movement of drugs from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration without the need for energy or a carrier molecule. This process occurs due to the concentration gradient, where the drug molecules move freely across cell membranes. It is a common mechanism for drug absorption and distribution in the body.Rate this question:
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- 25.
The characteristic of a drug that makes it action specific to certain receptors
- A.
Selective (action)
- B.
Passive diffusion
- C.
Nephron
- D.
Nephrons
Correct Answer
A. Selective (action)Explanation
Selective action refers to the characteristic of a drug that allows it to specifically target and interact with certain receptors in the body. This selectivity is important as it ensures that the drug only affects the intended receptors and produces the desired therapeutic effect. By being selective in its action, the drug minimizes the risk of unwanted side effects or interactions with other receptors in the body. This characteristic is crucial in pharmacology as it allows for the development of drugs that can specifically target and treat certain conditions or diseases.Rate this question:
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- 26.
The location where an administered drug produces and effect
- A.
Systemic effect
- B.
Onset of action
- C.
Site of action
- D.
Selective (action)
Correct Answer
C. Site of actionExplanation
The term "site of action" refers to the specific location in the body where a drug produces its effect. It is the site where the drug interacts with its target molecules, such as receptors or enzymes, to produce a desired pharmacological response. This can be a specific organ, tissue, or even a cellular component. Understanding the site of action is crucial for determining the effectiveness and potential side effects of a drug, as well as for developing targeted therapies.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The blood concentration needed for a drug to produce a response
- A.
Metabolite
- B.
Minimum effective concentration (MEC)
- C.
Minimum toxic concentration (MTC)
- D.
Protien binding
Correct Answer
B. Minimum effective concentration (MEC)Explanation
The minimum effective concentration (MEC) refers to the lowest concentration of a drug in the blood that is required to produce a therapeutic response. This means that below this concentration, the drug may not be effective in treating the condition it is intended for. The MEC is an important consideration in determining the appropriate dosage of a drug, as it ensures that a sufficient amount of the drug is present in the body to exert its desired effects.Rate this question:
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- 28.
The time MEC is reachedc and the response occurs.
- A.
Onset of action
- B.
Passive diffusion
- C.
Systemic effect
- D.
Site of action
Correct Answer
A. Onset of actionExplanation
The term "onset of action" refers to the time when a medication or treatment starts to produce its intended effect. It is the point at which the drug begins to work and produce a response in the body. In this context, it is being suggested that the correct answer is "onset of action" because it is the most relevant term to describe the timing of when MEC (minimum effective concentration) is reached and the response occurs. This implies that once MEC is achieved, the medication starts to take effect and produce the desired response.Rate this question:
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- 29.
A drug's blood concentration range between its MEC and MTC.
- A.
THERAPEUTIC EQUIVALENT
- B.
THERAPEUTIC WINDOW
- C.
RECEPTOR
- D.
ONSET OF ACTION
Correct Answer
B. THERAPEUTIC WINDOWExplanation
The term "therapeutic window" refers to the range of drug concentration in the blood that produces the desired therapeutic effect without causing significant toxicity. It represents the balance between the minimum effective concentration (MEC) and the maximum tolerated concentration (MTC) of the drug. This range ensures that the drug is effective in treating the condition while minimizing the risk of adverse reactions. It is important for healthcare professionals to monitor and maintain drug levels within the therapeutic window to optimize patient outcomes.Rate this question:
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- 30.
The upper limit of the therapeutic window
- A.
Minimum toxic concentration (MTC)
- B.
Minimum effective concentration (MEC)
- C.
Therapeutic window
- D.
Therapeutic equivalent
Correct Answer
A. Minimum toxic concentration (MTC)Explanation
The term "therapeutic window" refers to the range of drug concentrations in the body that are effective in treating a specific condition without causing significant toxicity. The minimum toxic concentration (MTC) refers to the lowest concentration of a drug in the body that can cause harmful effects. Therefore, the MTC represents the upper limit of the therapeutic window, as exceeding this concentration can lead to toxicity. The other options, such as minimum effective concentration (MEC) and therapeutic equivalent, do not directly relate to the upper limit of the therapeutic window.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Drug products that containingg identical amounts of the same active ingredient in the same dosage form
- A.
Pharmaceutical altnerative
- B.
Passive diffusion
- C.
Pharmaceutical equivalent
- D.
Onset of action
Correct Answer
C. pHarmaceutical equivalentExplanation
Pharmaceutical equivalent refers to drug products that contain identical amounts of the same active ingredient in the same dosage form. This means that they have the same strength, dosage form, and route of administration. Pharmaceutical equivalent drugs are considered interchangeable and can be substituted for each other without any significant differences in safety and efficacy.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Pharmaceutical equivalent that produce the same effects in patients
- A.
Therapeutic equivalent
- B.
Therapeutic window
- C.
Minimum effective concentration (MEC)
- D.
Minimum toxic concentration (MTC)
Correct Answer
A. Therapeutic equivalentExplanation
Therapeutic equivalent refers to pharmaceutical products that have the same therapeutic effects in patients. This means that these products are interchangeable and can be substituted for one another without any differences in efficacy or safety. It is important for healthcare professionals to be aware of therapeutic equivalents to ensure that patients receive the appropriate medication for their condition.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Drug products that contain the same active ingredient but not necessarily in the same salt form, amount, or dosage form
- A.
Pharmaceutical equivalents
- B.
Passive diffusion
- C.
Receptor
- D.
Pharmaceutical alternative
Correct Answer
D. pHarmaceutical alternativeExplanation
Pharmaceutical alternatives refer to drug products that have the same active ingredient but may differ in terms of salt form, amount, or dosage form. In other words, they are different formulations of the same medication. These alternatives can be used interchangeably as they have similar therapeutic effects and are considered equivalent in terms of their pharmacological action. However, it is important to note that they may have slight variations in bioavailability or onset of action due to the differences in their formulation.Rate this question:
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- 34.
The place where a drug causes and effect to occur is called the
- A.
Site of action
- B.
Site of administration
- C.
Therapeutic window
- D.
Minmum toxic concentration (MTC)
Correct Answer
A. Site of actionExplanation
The correct answer is "site of action." The site of action refers to the specific location in the body where a drug exerts its pharmacological effect. This can be a specific organ, tissue, or cellular component where the drug interacts with its target molecule or receptor to produce a therapeutic response. The site of action is important in determining the effectiveness and specificity of a drug, as well as any potential side effects or toxicity.Rate this question:
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- 35.
When a drug produces and effect, it is action at a/an _____ level
- A.
Tissue
- B.
Atomic
- C.
Molecular
- D.
Organ
Correct Answer
C. MolecularExplanation
When a drug produces an effect, it is acting at a molecular level. This means that the drug is interacting with molecules in the body, such as proteins or enzymes, to produce its desired effect. Drugs can bind to these molecules and either enhance or inhibit their function, leading to a specific physiological response. This molecular interaction is crucial for the drug to exert its therapeutic effects and is the basis for understanding drug mechanisms of action.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Drug action can be caused by a
- A.
Physical action, such as a protective ointment
- B.
Chemical action, such as an antacid neutralizing acidity
- C.
Osmotic action, such as moving water out of tissues into blood
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
The correct answer is "all of the above" because drug action can be caused by a physical action, such as a protective ointment that forms a barrier on the skin to prevent infection or irritation. It can also be caused by a chemical action, such as an antacid neutralizing acidity in the stomach to relieve heartburn. Additionally, drug action can be caused by osmotic action, where certain drugs can cause water to move out of tissues and into the blood, helping to reduce swelling or edema. Therefore, all three options mentioned in the question can contribute to drug action.Rate this question:
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- 37.
An antagonist will
- A.
Not bind to a receptor
- B.
Accelerate a normal body process
- C.
Prevent other drugs from binding to a receptor
- D.
Cause extended stimulation of receptor
Correct Answer
C. Prevent other drugs from binding to a receptorExplanation
An antagonist is a substance that blocks or inhibits the activity of a receptor. It does not bind to the receptor itself but instead prevents other drugs or substances from binding to the receptor. This means that the antagonist effectively blocks the receptor, preventing any other substances from activating it and producing a response.Rate this question:
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- 38.
In a blood concentration-time curve, the range between the minimum toxic concentration (MTC) and the MINiMUM EFFECTIVE CONCENTRATION (MEC), is called the
- A.
Onset of action
- B.
Concentration at site of action
- C.
Duration of action
- D.
Therapeutic window
Correct Answer
D. Therapeutic windowExplanation
The therapeutic window refers to the range between the minimum toxic concentration (MTC) and the minimum effective concentration (MEC) in a blood concentration-time curve. It represents the concentration range at which a drug is effective in producing the desired therapeutic effects without causing harmful side effects. This range is important for determining the appropriate dosage of a medication to ensure its effectiveness while avoiding toxicity.Rate this question:
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- 39.
The time a drug's blood concentration is abouve the MTC is called the
- A.
Onset of action
- B.
Duration of action
- C.
Concentration at site of action
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
D. None of the aboveExplanation
The correct answer is none of the above because the question is asking for the term that describes the time when a drug's blood concentration is above the MTC (Minimum Therapeutic Concentration). None of the options provided accurately describe this concept. "Onset of action" refers to the time it takes for a drug to start working, "duration of action" refers to the length of time a drug remains effective, and "concentration at site of action" refers to the amount of drug present at the target site.Rate this question:
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- 40.
When studying concentration and effect, the ____ is the time MEC is reached and the response occurs
- A.
Therapeutic window
- B.
MTC
- C.
Onset of action
- D.
Duration of action
Correct Answer
C. Onset of actionExplanation
The onset of action refers to the time when the minimum effective concentration (MEC) is reached in the body and the desired response to the medication or treatment occurs. It is the point at which the drug starts to take effect and produce its therapeutic effects. The onset of action is an important consideration in determining the timing and effectiveness of a medication or treatment. The therapeutic window refers to the range of drug concentrations in the body that produce the desired therapeutic effects without causing significant side effects or toxicity. The MTC (maximum tolerated concentration) and duration of action are not directly related to the time MEC is reached and the response occurs.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Which drug would not typically be monitored with peak and through blood concentrations?
- A.
Vancomycin
- B.
Valproic acid
- C.
Promethazine
- D.
Phenytoin
Correct Answer
C. PromethazineExplanation
Promethazine would not typically be monitored with peak and trough blood concentrations because it is an antihistamine and antiemetic medication, commonly used to relieve allergy symptoms and nausea. Unlike other drugs listed, promethazine does not have a narrow therapeutic range or exhibit significant variability in its blood levels. Therefore, monitoring peak and trough levels is not necessary for this medication.Rate this question:
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- 42.
If the blood concentration-time profile reflects the amount of drug at the site of action, the maximum therapeutic response would occur
- A.
At the onset of action
- B.
At the MEC
- C.
At the peak blood concentration
- D.
When elimination is the predominant process
Correct Answer
C. At the peak blood concentrationExplanation
The peak blood concentration is the point at which the drug concentration in the blood is highest. This is when the drug is most available at the site of action, meaning that it is at its highest concentration in the tissues where it exerts its therapeutic effect. Therefore, the maximum therapeutic response would occur at this point, as there is a higher amount of the drug present to interact with its target and produce the desired effect.Rate this question:
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- 43.
The transfer of a drug out of a dosage form and into the blood is called
- A.
Absorption
- B.
Dissolution
- C.
Metabolism
- D.
Elimination
Correct Answer
A. AbsorptionExplanation
Absorption refers to the process by which a drug moves from its dosage form (such as a pill or injection) into the bloodstream. This is an essential step for the drug to be distributed throughout the body and exert its therapeutic effects. Dissolution, on the other hand, is the process of the drug dissolving in a liquid before it can be absorbed. Metabolism refers to the chemical transformation of the drug in the body, while elimination involves the removal of the drug and its metabolites from the body. Therefore, absorption is the correct answer as it specifically describes the movement of the drug into the bloodstream.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Blood concnetrations are the result of ______ simultaneously occuring processes, which together are referred to as _____
- A.
Two, passive diffusion
- B.
Four, disposition
- C.
Three, elimination
- D.
Five, absorption
Correct Answer
B. Four, dispositionExplanation
The correct answer is four, disposition. Blood concentrations are the result of four simultaneously occurring processes, which together are referred to as disposition.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Unionized drugs are
- A.
Actively transported
- B.
Hydrophobic drugs
- C.
Passiviely diffused through membranes
- D.
Hydrophilic drugs
Correct Answer
B. HydropHobic drugsExplanation
Unionized drugs are hydrophobic in nature, meaning they are not charged and can easily pass through cell membranes. This is because cell membranes are made up of a lipid bilayer, which is also hydrophobic. On the other hand, hydrophilic drugs are charged and have difficulty passing through cell membranes. Therefore, the correct answer is hydrophobic drugs.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Which processes can influence the absorption of drugs given orally?
- A.
First-pass metabolism
- B.
Intestinal transit time
- C.
Gastric emptying
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
All of the processes mentioned - first-pass metabolism, intestinal transit time, and gastric emptying - can influence the absorption of drugs given orally. First-pass metabolism refers to the metabolism of a drug in the liver before it reaches the systemic circulation. Intestinal transit time is the time it takes for a drug to travel through the intestines. Gastric emptying is the process by which the stomach empties its contents into the small intestine. All of these processes can affect the rate and extent of drug absorption in the body.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Which formulation does not have an absorption step?
- A.
Intravenous sol.
- B.
Intramuscular emulsion
- C.
Topical cream
- D.
Vaginal suppository
Correct Answer
A. Intravenous sol.Explanation
The correct answer is intravenous sol. Intravenous sol refers to a solution that is directly administered into the veins. Unlike other formulations mentioned, it does not involve an absorption step because the medication is immediately delivered into the bloodstream. In contrast, intramuscular emulsion, topical cream, and vaginal suppository all require absorption through the respective routes of administration before the medication can reach the desired site of action.Rate this question:
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- 48.
When drug moecules are bound to plasma or tissue protiens they are
- A.
More potent
- B.
Metabolized
- C.
Inactive
- D.
Excreted
Correct Answer
C. InactiveExplanation
When drug molecules are bound to plasma or tissue proteins, they become inactive. This is because the binding of the drug to proteins prevents it from interacting with its target receptors or enzymes in the body, thereby reducing its pharmacological activity. Inactive drug molecules are unable to exert their intended therapeutic effects and are often sequestered or eliminated from the body through processes like metabolism and excretion.Rate this question:
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- 49.
An enzyme in a complex _____ that catalyzes chemical reactions
- A.
Lipid
- B.
Mineral
- C.
Protein
- D.
Atom
Correct Answer
C. ProteinExplanation
Proteins are known to be involved in catalyzing chemical reactions as enzymes. Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. Lipids, minerals, and atoms do not possess the necessary structure or properties to act as catalysts in this context. Therefore, the correct answer is protein.Rate this question:
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- 50.
When some drugs are chronically administered, the liver will decrease its enzyme activity. this is called
- A.
Enzyme induction
- B.
Enzyme inhibition
- C.
Enzyme secretion
- D.
First pass metabolism
Correct Answer
B. Enzyme inhibitionExplanation
When some drugs are chronically administered, the liver may decrease its enzyme activity. This phenomenon is known as enzyme inhibition. Enzyme inhibition occurs when a drug or substance reduces the activity of specific enzymes in the body, leading to a decrease in their effectiveness. In the context of the liver, enzyme inhibition can affect the metabolism and clearance of drugs, potentially leading to altered drug concentrations and effects.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Nov 30, 2011Quiz Created by
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Copy of On line quiz on HAP by Prof. V.P.Rawal, by MET Institute of D.pharmcy Nashik
Copy of On line quiz on HAP by Prof. V.P.Rawal, by MET Institute of D.pharmcy Nashik
Pharmaquize: PH I Sawkar Pharmacy College, Jaitapur , Satara.
Pharmaquize: PH I Sawkar Pharmacy College, Jaitapur , Satara.
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