Physiology Chapter 1

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Questions: 10 | Attempts: 2,953 | Updated: Mar 22, 2023

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As we dive into the very first chapter of our study on physiology – which is defined as the scientific study of normal mechanisms and their interaction within a living system – let’s see what you’ve learned thus far.

Questions and Answers

1.

Name 4 major types of cells

Explanation
The correct answer lists four major types of cells: neurons, muscle cells, epithelial cells, and connective tissue cells. Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical signals in the nervous system. Muscle cells are responsible for contraction and movement. Epithelial cells form the lining of various organs and protect underlying tissues. Connective tissue cells provide support and structure to different body parts. These four cell types play crucial roles in the functioning of the human body.

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2.

____________ are specialized to transmit information in the form of electrical signals.
- A.
  
  Neurons
- B.
  
  Muscle cells
- C.
  
  Epithelial cells
- D.
  
  Connective tissue cells
Correct Answer
A. Neurons

Explanation
Neurons are specialized to transmit information in the form of electrical signals. They are the fundamental building blocks of the nervous system and play a crucial role in transmitting and processing information throughout the body. Neurons have a unique structure that allows them to receive, integrate, and transmit electrical impulses, enabling communication between different parts of the body. This specialization sets neurons apart from muscle cells, epithelial cells, and connective tissue cells, which have different functions and are not primarily involved in transmitting electrical signals.

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3.

______________ are specialized to contract, thereby generating mechanical force and movement.
- A.
  
  Neurons
- B.
  
  Muscle cells
- C.
  
  Epithelial cells
- D.
  
  Connective tissue cells
Correct Answer
B. Muscle cells

Explanation
Muscle cells are specialized to contract, thereby generating mechanical force and movement. Unlike neurons, which transmit electrical signals, muscle cells have the unique ability to shorten and lengthen, allowing for movement. Epithelial cells are responsible for lining and protecting various body surfaces, while connective tissue cells support and connect different tissues and organs. However, it is muscle cells that possess the specific contractile machinery necessary for generating mechanical force and movement in the body.

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4.

These cells are found in the muscles of body parts whose movements are under voluntary control (skeletal muscle), cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle (blood vessels).
- A.
  
  Neurons
- B.
  
  Muscle cells
- C.
  
  Epithelial cells
- D.
  
  Connective tissue cells
Correct Answer
B. Muscle cells

Explanation
Muscle cells are the correct answer because they are found in the muscles of body parts that are under voluntary control (skeletal muscle), as well as in cardiac muscle and smooth muscle, such as those found in blood vessels. Neurons are not the correct answer because they are not specific to muscle tissue. Epithelial cells are not the correct answer because they are found in the linings of organs and body cavities, not specifically in muscle tissue. Connective tissue cells are also not the correct answer because they are found in the supporting framework of organs and tissues, not specifically in muscle tissue.

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5.

Lumen

Correct Answer
interior cavity of a hollow organ or vessel.

Explanation
The term "lumen" refers to the interior cavity of a hollow organ or vessel. It is the space within a structure that allows for the passage of fluids or substances. This definition is commonly used in medical and anatomical contexts to describe the central opening or channel within a tubular structure, such as blood vessels or the digestive tract.

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6.

List places were epithelium can be found:
- A.
  
  Skin surface
- B.
  
  Lining of lungs
- C.
  
  Hollow of stomach, intestines, and blood vessels
- D.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the above

Explanation
Epithelium can be found in various places throughout the body. It covers the skin surface, lines the lungs, and is present in the hollow organs such as the stomach, intestines, and blood vessels. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" as all the mentioned options are locations where epithelium can be found.

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7.

__________ are organs specialized in the synthesis and secretion of a product.

Correct Answer
glands

Explanation
Glands are organs specialized in the synthesis and secretion of a product. They are responsible for producing and releasing substances such as hormones, enzymes, and oils. Glands can be found throughout the body and play a crucial role in various physiological processes, including digestion, reproduction, and regulation of body temperature. They can be classified into different types based on their structure and function, such as exocrine glands that release their products through ducts and endocrine glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream.

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8.

Names two types of glands:

Correct Answer
Exocrine Glands and endocrine glands

Explanation
The question asks for two types of glands, and the answer provides exactly that. Exocrine glands are responsible for secreting substances onto a body surface or into a cavity, while endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream. Both types of glands play important roles in the body's functioning and maintaining homeostasis.

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9.

Name 2 examples of exocrine glands

Correct Answer
sweat glands salivary glands

Explanation
The question asks for two examples of exocrine glands. Exocrine glands are glands that secrete their products into ducts, which then carry the secretions to the body surfaces or cavities. Sweat glands and salivary glands are both examples of exocrine glands because they secrete their products (sweat and saliva) through ducts.

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10.

What do endocrine glands secrete and list two examples of endo. glands

Correct Answer
Secrete hormones and pituitary gland and adrenal glands

Explanation
Endocrine glands secrete hormones, which are chemical messengers that regulate various bodily functions. Two examples of endocrine glands are the pituitary gland, which is often referred to as the "master gland" as it controls the functions of other glands, and the adrenal glands, which produce hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. These glands play crucial roles in maintaining homeostasis and coordinating different physiological processes in the body.

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Current Version
Mar 22, 2023

Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team
Jan 27, 2010

Quiz Created by
Iheartwaffles

Physiology Chapter 1

Name 4 major types of cells

____________ are specialized to transmit information in the form of electrical signals.

______________ are specialized to contract, thereby generating mechanical force and movement.

These cells are found in the muscles of body parts whose movements are under voluntary control (skeletal muscle), cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle (blood vessels).

Lumen

List places were epithelium can be found:

__________ are organs specialized in the synthesis and secretion of a product.

Names two types of glands:

Name 2 examples of exocrine glands

What do endocrine glands secrete and list two examples of endo. glands